73-505: Angels Flight is a landmark and historic 2 ft 6 in ( 762 mm ) narrow gauge funicular railway in the Bunker Hill district of Downtown Los Angeles, California . It has two funicular cars, named Olivet and Sinai , that run in opposite directions on a shared cable. The tracks cover a distance of 298 feet (91 m) over a vertical gain of 96 feet (29 m). The funicular has operated on two different sites, using
146-589: A Nisei , Kiyoto Ken Nakaoka, was seated on the city council. Nakaoka later became Gardena's mayor in 1972. In 1980, the city was 21% Japanese, and as of 1989 , Japanese residents tended to live in the center and south of the city. As of 1992 , about 60% of the Korean population in the South Bay region lived in Gardena and Torrance. By that year, many Korean businesses had been established in Gardena because its commercial land
219-700: A Spanish soldier who arrived in San Diego , California in 1769 with Fernando Rivera y Moncada , in recognition of his military service, received the roughly 43,000-acre (170 km ) Spanish land grant, the Rancho San Pedro . Part of this land contained what became known as Gardena Valley. After the American Civil War veterans bought parts of the land, and soon ranchers and farmers followed suit. Union Army Major General William Starke Rosecrans in 1869 bought 16,000 acres (65 km ). The "Rosecrans Rancho"
292-626: A 16,000-square-foot (1,500 m ) building located in Gardena, and Masao W. Satow Library, located west of Gardena in Alondra Park (El Camino Village), unincorporated Los Angeles County , are operated by the County of Los Angeles Public Library . Wednesday Progressive Club sponsored the formation of the Gardena Library. In 1913 the Moneta Branch was formed. In 1914 the Gardena Library became
365-398: A 6-12 non-Catholic private school, is in Gardena. The Gardena Christian Academy, a PreK-2 Christian school, is in Gardena. The Gardena Office of Economic Development is a department of the city government. It aids employers in filling a variety of jobs customized to their specific needs. It also helps potential employers in setting up business enterprises. The Gardena Police Department
438-399: A block south of the original site. Although the original cars, Sinai and Olivet , were used, a new track and haulage system was designed and built—a redesign which had unfortunate consequences five years later. As rebuilt, the funicular retained its general 300 feet (91 meters) length and approximately 33% grade . As with the original line, car movement was controlled by an operator inside
511-469: A female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.38. In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
584-566: A fire forced the West Gardena branch to go to a new location. The current Satow building, dedicated on February 26, 1977, was named after a Japanese American in the community. The Gardena library received its current name on May 30, 1992, and was named after a library volunteer, who had died prior to the renaming. The city operates the GTrans bus services (formerly as Gardena Municipal Bus Lines). The National Transportation Safety Board operates
657-519: A landmark rather than an active filming location in the Night Has a Thousand Eyes (1948), Criss Cross (1949), The Glenn Miller Story (1954), Kiss Me Deadly (1955), Indestructible Man (1956), and The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies (1963). Angels Flight Railway (1969) and The Last Day of Angels Flight (1969) both center on the railway's closure in 1969. It closed again in 2013, but reopened for
730-472: A local monopoly on legal cardrooms , the taxes from which accounted for nearly a third of its annual budget. As this Los Angeles suburb grew, many Japanese American families moved into the new tract homes being built. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 5.9 square miles (15 km ), over 99% of which is land. A 9.4-acre (3.8 ha) wetland preserve,
803-557: A new building. Up until the opening of the new Gardena High School, high school students held morning shifts, while junior high school students held afternoon shifts. The northern end of the Gardena HS campus has LAUSD staff housing, Sage Park Apartments. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles operates Catholic schools in Gardena, including Junípero Serra High School , Maria Regina Catholic School (K-8), and St. Anthony of Padua School (K-8). Pacific Lutheran Jr./Sr. High school,
SECTION 10
#1733085880866876-403: A normally open one, which had burned out. During the period that the emergency braking system was not operating, the braking system was tested daily – using a faulty methodology which engaged the service brake and emergency brake simultaneously, leaving no way to tell if the emergency brake was functioning without looking at the brake pads or hydraulic pressure gauges during the test. It
949-689: A part of the Los Angeles County Free Library system. Due to annexation the library was transferred to the Los Angeles City Library Board. In 1919 the Strawberry Park branch was formed. In August 1951 the Gardena library came back to the county system. In 1958 the Strawberry Park and Moneta branches merged into the West Gardena Branch. The current Gardena library building was dedicated on December 5, 1964. In 1969
1022-419: A prominent banker at Security First National Bank. Moore had gotten to know Moreland and Linville over his many years and believed the pair were earnest about preserving the history of the railway and capably maintaining its operation. The following year Moreland's family bought out Linville's interest and became sole stockholder. In 1962 condemnation proceedings instigated by Los Angeles forced Moreland to sell to
1095-414: A serious accident when car Sinai , approaching the upper station, instead rolled downhill uncontrollably, and collided into Olivet near the lower station. The accident killed an 83-year-old man, injured his wife and seven others, and caused serious damage to the funicular. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) conducted an investigation into the accident, and determined that the probable cause
1168-518: A single day to serve as a filming location for La La Land (2016), after which safety officials barred it from use as a filming location. It was reopened for public use in 2017, and can be seen in The Saint . The railway is present in a 1953 episode of Boston Blackie , and in the only color episode of the original Perry Mason , " The Case of the Twice-Told Twist " in 1966. It also appears in
1241-579: Is a city located in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County , California , United States . The population was 58,829 at the 2010 census , up from 57,746 at the 2000 census . Until 2014, the U.S. census cited the City of Gardena as the place with the highest percentage of Japanese Americans in California. Gardena's Japanese American population contributes to the South Bay region of Los Angeles being home to
1314-584: Is believed to be Their Ups and Downs (1914), starring Eddie Lyons , Victoria Forde , and Lee Moran . Other early appearances include: Good Night, Nurse! (1916), All Jazzed Up (1920), The Impatient Maiden (1932), The Unfaithful (1940), Hollow Triumph (1948), M (1951), The Turning Point (1952), Cry of the Hunted (1953), Bunker Hill: A Tale of Urban Renewal (1956), The Exiles (1961), The Money Trap (1965), Angel's Flight (1965), and They Came to Rob Las Vegas (1968). It appeared as
1387-552: Is illustrated and at the center of events in Piccolo's Prank by Leo Politi . Millard Sheets ' 1931 oil painting Angel's Flight , which shows two young women on the looking down from the upper platform, is in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art 's permanent collection. David Woodard composed "An Elegy for Two Angels" (2001) in honor of Leon Praport, the sole person killed in the 2001 accident. Praport's wife, who survived
1460-548: Is the primary law enforcement agency in the city. The department has 89 sworn police officers, 24 full-time support staff, and 33 part-time employees. There are reserve, volunteer, and explorer programs. The current Chief of Police is Michael Saffell, appointed in 2020. Radio communications and the 9-1-1 call center are handled by the South Bay Regional Public Communications Authority. The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates
1533-670: The Amazon Studios show Bosch (2018), which is based on Michael Connelly's book Angels Flight . Other television show appearances include: in the 1969 episode " Narcotics DR-21 " of Dragnet , The Biggest Loser (2010), The Bold and the Beautiful (2010), and in the Runaways episode "Old School" (2018). The original Angels Flight is featured in the Perry Mason remake (2020). Angels Flight appears as an interactive component of
SECTION 20
#17330858808661606-557: The Gardena Willows Wetland Preserve , is located at the southeast corner of Gardena. This is a naturally occurring marshland where water seeps above-ground all year round. It hosts several species of trees and other vegetation. Gardena is bordered by the unincorporated community of Athens on the north, the Los Angeles neighborhood of Harbor Gateway on the east and south, Torrance on the southwest, Alondra Park on
1679-766: The Historic Core and Broadway commercial district with the hilltop Bunker Hill California Plaza urban park and the Museum of Contemporary Art – MOCA . The cost of a one-way ride at that time was 50 cents (25 cents with TAP card). On June 10, 2011, the California Public Utilities Commission ordered Angels Flight to immediately cease operations due to wear on its cars' fifteen-year-old wheels. Inspectors determined they needed replacing. The railway reopened on July 5, 2011, after eight new custom-made wheels were installed. On September 5, 2013, one car derailed near
1752-599: The Native Daughters of the Golden West erected a plaque to commemorate fifty years of service by the railway. The plaque reads: Built in 1901 by Colonel J. W. Eddy, lawyer, engineer, and friend of President Abraham Lincoln , Angels Flight is said to be the world's shortest incorporated railway. The counterbalanced cars, controlled by cables, travel a 33 percent grade for 315 feet. It is estimated that Angels Flight has carried more passengers per mile than any other railway in
1825-542: The United States House of Representatives , Gardena is in California's 43rd congressional district , represented by Democrat Maxine Waters . The Los Angeles Unified School District operates the city's public schools. Zoned middle schools include: Zoned high schools include: In the spring of 1956, the junior high school classes stayed at the old Gardena High School while the high school classes moved into
1898-537: The poverty line , including 22.3% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over. Mexican and Japanese were the most common ancestries. Mexico and Korea were the most common foreign places of birth. In 1980, about 31% of the population was Anglo white, 23% was black, 21% was Japanese, and 17% was Latino. The remainder included a Korean community that was increasing in size and Chinese, Filipino, and Native American people. The National Planning Data Corp. released projected figures in 1987 estimating that of
1971-479: The 2013 service suspension, the cost of a one-way ride was 50 cents (25 cents for Metro pass holders). Although it was marketed primarily as a tourist novelty, it was frequently used by local workers to travel between the Downtown Historic Core and Bunker Hill. In 2015, the executive director of the nearby REDCAT arts center described the railroad as an important "economic link," and there was pressure for
2044-454: The 50,000 residents, 26.3% were Anglo, 23% were black, 22.7 were Latino, and 28% were of other racial groups. By 1989, Anglo and Japanese residents tended to live in central and southern Gardena. Middle class black people began to move into the Hollypark area in northern Gardena in the 1960s, so the black population was concentrated there. According to the 1970 U.S. Census, 56% of the population
2117-507: The Angels Flight cars, Sinai and Olivet , were then placed in storage at 1200 S. Olive Street, Los Angeles. This was the location of Sid and Linda Kastner's United Business Interiors. At this location, the Kastners maintained "The Bandstand," a private museum. The Bandstand featured antique, coin-operated musical instruments where one of the cars ( Sinai ) was on display in the museum. Olivet
2190-838: The Curtis Tucker Health Center in Inglewood and the Torrance Health Center in Harbor Gateway, Los Angeles, near Torrance and serving Gardena. The United States Postal Service operates the Gardena Post Office at 1455 West Redondo Beach Boulevard, the South Gardena Post Office at 1103 West Gardena Boulevard, and the Alondra Post Office at 14028 Van Ness Avenue. Gardena Mayme Dear Library,
2263-646: The Factory 2-U and the Fallas Paredes brands, has its headquarters in the Harbor Gateway area of Los Angeles, near Gardena. According to the city's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city as of 2020 were: In the California State Legislature , Gardena is in the 35th Senate District , represented by Democrat Laura Richardson , and in the 66th Assembly District , represented by Democrat Al Muratsuchi . In
Angels Flight - Misplaced Pages Continue
2336-683: The Parents' Association founded the Gardena Japanese School in 1916. Beginning in the 1920s, Japanese American organizations, including the Moneta Gakuen , were established continuously around the current JCI site. The Moneta Gakuen operated a school until the World War II internment. In 1942 the U.S. military moved the Japanese in Gardena to internment camps . In 1966, for the first time,
2409-454: The accident. Compounding this, emergency brakes that acted on the rim of each haulage drum were inoperative on both cars due to inadequate maintenance. The NTSB was unable to identify another funicular worldwide that operated without either a safety cable or track brakes. Records indicate that the emergency brake had been inoperative for 17 to 26 months following the mis-installation of a normally closed hydraulic solenoid valve in place of
2482-481: The cars to pass each other. The axles did not turn to follow the track, resulting in the wheel flanges grinding against the rail, causing excessive wheel wear. This problem, combined with safety system problems which caused unwanted track brake deployment, resulted in a derailment. Plans to bring the railway back into service began in January 2017. Safety upgrades were made to the doors of the cars, and an evacuation walkway
2555-630: The city to fund and re-open the railroad. After safety enhancements were completed, Angels Flight reopened for public service in August of 2017, charging $ 1 for a one-way ride (50 cents for TAP card users). Angels Flight funicular was built as the "Los Angeles Incline Railway" in 1901, with financing from J. W. Eddy . It began at the west corner of Hill Street at Third, and ran for two blocks uphill (northwestward) to its Olive Street terminus. The service consisted of two vermillion "boarding stations" and two cars, named Sinai and Olivet , alternately pulled up
2628-418: The city was 23.82% White , 25.99% Black or African American , 0.64% Native American , 26.82% Asian , 0.73% Pacific Islander , 16.94% from other races , and 5.05% from two or more races. 31.82% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 20,324 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.5% were married couples living together, 18.1% had
2701-498: The city was dubbed "Berryland". The Strawberry Day Festival and Parade was held each May. The berry industry suffered at the time of World War I as other crops were supported by the war economy . Japanese Americans settled in Gardena throughout its history. The only way Gardena could protect itself from a heavy county tax imposed on a planned project at a park site was to incorporate. The City of Gardena became incorporated on September 11, 1930. From 1936 to 1980, Gardena held
2774-518: The city, whose redevelopment agency hired Oliver & Williams Elevator Company to run the line until it was shut down on May 18, 1969. Dismantling began the following day, and the cars were hauled off to a warehouse. The railroad's arch, station house, drinking fountain, and other artifacts were taken to an outdoor storage yard in Gardena, California . In November 1952, the Beverly Hills Parlor of
2847-475: The coming of the Los Angeles and Redondo Railway. Civil War veteran Spencer Roane Thorpe is credited with starting the first settlement in Gardena in 1887. Railroads put Gardena on the map following a 1880s Southern California real estate boom . Some believe the city was named for its reputation for being the only "green spot" in the dry season between Los Angeles and the sea. Because of its acres of berries,
2920-674: The derailing, received an autographed score . The furnicular is referenced in "L.A. (My Town)" by Four Tops (1970), "Strange Season" by Michael Penn (1992), and "Aquatic Mouth Dance" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers (2022). The music video for " Icy " (2019) by ITZY contains dance scenes inside the Angels Flight. Michael Penn's album Free-for-All (2019) shows Angels Flight on the cover. 2 ft 6 in gauge railways 2 ft 6 in ( 762 mm ) gauge railways are narrow gauge railways with track gauge of 2 ft 6 in ( 762 mm ). This type of rail
2993-484: The following had taken place: On November 1, 2008, both of the repaired and restored Angels Flight cars, Sinai and Olivet , were put back on their tracks, and on January 16, 2009, testing began on the railway. On November 20, 2009, another step in the approval process was achieved. Finally, on March 10, 2010, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) approved the safety certificate for
Angels Flight - Misplaced Pages Continue
3066-444: The force of the daily jerk caused by the test was directed through the gear train's spline (that ultimately failed) and then to the service brake. In addition, it was found that the original design called for the spline to be made of AISI 1018 steel on one drawing and of AISI 8822 steel on a different one, but it is unlikely that this ambiguity in the design contributed to the accident. However, regular analysis of gear box oil-samples
3139-401: The funicular safety system with Angels Flight management knowledge; and Angels Flight management continuation of revenue operations despite prolonged, and repeated, unidentified system safety shutdowns.” The NTSB also noted a problem with the basic design: “The car body and the wheel-axle assembly are not articulated.” The passing section of the track involves a short turning section, which allows
3212-509: The highest Japanese-American population in the 48 contiguous states. The Japanese Cultural Institute (JCI) has been is located in Gardena since 1988, and offers cultural and social activities for Japanese Americans. The building used during that year was completed in 1976. Early in Gardena's history, Japanese migrants played a role in the agrarian economy. The Japanese Association founded the Moneta Japanese Institute in 1911, and
3285-484: The highest density of Japanese companies within the mainland United States. Based on archaeological findings, the Tongva people hunted and fished in the area of today's Gardena. The Tongva Indians — also known as Gabrielino Indians — are probably descendants of those who crossed from Asia to North America around 10,000 years ago. In 1784, three years after the foundation of Los Angeles , Juan Jose Dominguez (1736–1809),
3358-518: The middle of the guideway. One passenger was on board the derailed car, and five passengers were on board the other car. Although there were no injuries, passengers had to be rescued from the cars by firefighters. The brake safety system had been "intentionally" bypassed using a small tree branch. A 2014 brief by the NTSB said that the “probable cause of the September 5, 2013, accident was the intentional bypass of
3431-454: The original design, each car now has a rail brake system, as a backup to the main backup emergency brakes on each bull-wheel. Another added safety feature is an independent evacuation motor to move the cars should the main motor fail for any reason. Angels Flight reopened to the public for riding on March 15, 2010, and local media covered the event with interest. Only a month after re-opening, Angels Flight had had over 59,000 riders. It connected
3504-652: The population) lived in households, 122 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 672 (1.1%) were institutionalized. There were 20,558 households, out of which 7,199 (35.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 8,782 (42.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3,931 (19.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,486 (7.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,085 (5.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 104 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 5,142 households (25.0%) were made up of individuals, and 1,921 (9.3%) had someone living alone who
3577-568: The population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 29,450 people (50.1%) lived in rental housing units. During 2009–2013, Gardena had a median household income of $ 48,251, with 15.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line. As of the census of 2000, there were 57,746 people, 20,324 households, and 14,023 families residing in the city. The population density was 9,921.3 inhabitants per square mile (3,830.6/km ). There were 21,041 housing units at an average density of 3,615.0 per square mile (1,395.8/km ). The racial makeup of
3650-584: The railroad at its original location. In 1912 Colonel Eddy sold it to the Funding Company of Los Angeles, which sold it to Continental Securities Company in 1914. Robert W. Moore, an engineer for Continental Securities, and the railway’s general manager since 1914, purchased the line in 1946. In 1952, Moore retired, and sold Angels Flight to Lester B. Moreland, an electrical engineer with the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power , and Byron Linville,
3723-434: The railroad to begin operating again. The new drive and safety system completely replaced the faulty system that was the cause of the fatal 2001 accident. Like the original Angels Flight design and most traditional funicular systems, the new drive system incorporates a single main haulage cable, with one car attached to each end. Also like the original design, a second safety cable is utilized. To further enhance safety, unlike
SECTION 50
#17330858808663796-419: The same cars and station elements. The original location, with trackage along the side of Third Street Tunnel and connecting Hill Street and Olive Street, operated from 1901 until 1969, when its site was cleared for redevelopment. The current location opened half a block south of the original location in 1996, mid-block between 3rd and 4th Streets, with tracks connecting Hill Street and California Plaza . It
3869-421: The same haulage cable and no track brakes in case of cable failure; a separate safety cable would be activated in a break. It operated for 68 years with a good safety record, with three notable incidents: a derailment with a single female passenger in 1913, a sleeping salesman being dragged several yards by a car in 1937, and a sailor walking up the tracks being killed in 1943. A total of seven companies operated
3942-481: The steep incline by metal cables powered by engines at the upper Olive Street station. The downhill car descended by gravity alone. An archway labeled "Angels Flight" greeted passengers on the Hill Street entrance, which became the official name of the railway in 1912 when the Funding Company of California purchased it from its founders. The original Angels Flight was a conventional funicular, with both cars connected to
4015-544: The upper station house, who was responsible for visually determining that the track and vehicles were clear for movement, closing the platform gates, starting the cars moving, monitoring the operation of the funicular cars, observing car stops at both stations, and collecting fares from passengers. The cars themselves did not carry any staff members. Angels Flight was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 13, 2000. On February 1, 2001, Angels Flight had
4088-623: The video games Tony Hawk's American Wasteland (2005) and L.A. Noire (2011). The first book to be named Angel's Flight in reference to the railway was Don Ryan's 1927 novel. It is used by characters in Raymond Chandler 's The King in Yellow (1938) and The High Window (1942); in Michael Connelly 's 1999 Angels Flight ; and in Nick Carter 's 1967 The Red Guard . The railway
4161-654: The west, and Hawthorne on the northwest. Neighborhoods in Gardena include: The 2010 United States Census reported that Gardena had a population of 58,829. The population density was 10,030.0 inhabitants per square mile (3,872.6/km ). The racial makeup of Gardena was 14,498 (24.6%) White (9.3% Non-Hispanic White), 14,352 (24.4%) African American , 348 (0.6%) Native American , 15,400 (26.2%) Asian , 426 (0.7%) Pacific Islander , 11,136 (18.9%) from other races , and 2,669 (4.5%) from two or more races. There were 22,151 people of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race (37.7%). The Census reported that 58,035 people (98.7% of
4234-446: The whereabouts of the company's principal was unknown. Unlike the original design, which had a safety cable, track brakes, and the cars connected to one-another to counter-balance their loads, the new arrangement used a separate haulage system for each car, with its drive motor connected to its service brake by a gear train . When Sinai's gear train failed it had no service brake or balancing load, either of which would have prevented
4307-403: The world, over a hundred million in its first fifty years. This incline railway is a public utility operating under a franchise granted by the City of Los Angeles. In 1962, the city's new Cultural Heritage Board (today its Cultural Heritage Commission) designated five sites it regarded as "threatened" as Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments , with Angel's Flight listed as No. 4 . The railway
4380-408: Was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 38,988, and the median income for a family was $ 44,906. Males had a median income of $ 32,951 versus $ 29,908 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,263. About 12.3% of families and 15.7% of the population were below
4453-407: Was 37.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males. There were 21,472 housing units at an average density of 3,660.8 per square mile (1,413.4/km ), of which 9,852 (47.9%) were owner-occupied, and 10,706 (52.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.6%. 28,585 people (48.6% of
SECTION 60
#17330858808664526-421: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82. There were 14,199 families (69.1% of all households); the average family size was 3.39. The population was spread out, with 13,410 people (22.8%) under the age of 18, 5,353 people (9.1%) aged 18 to 24, 16,656 people (28.3%) aged 25 to 44, 15,086 people (25.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 8,324 people (14.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
4599-422: Was White. Racial demographic changes occurred until 1978. That year, Mayor Edmond J. Russ declared that, according to a special 1978 census, the racial demographics of Gardena had stabilized. Gardena has a large Japanese-American community. Until 2014, it had the second-highest concentration of Japanese Americans in any U.S. municipality, the first being Honolulu . As of 2014, the nearby city of Torrance holds
4672-404: Was added adjacent to the track. These enhancements were made by ACS Infrastructure Development and SENER through an agreement with Angels Flight Railway Foundation, in exchange for a share of the funicular's revenue over the next three decades. Angels Flight reopened for public service on August 31, 2017. Angels Flight has appeared in more than 100 films. Angels Flight's earliest appearance on film
4745-484: Was always performed with the Sinai car traveling uphill, which meant that when the power was cut and the brakes applied (as part of the test), Sinai ' s momentum caused the car to continue moving uphill a short distance (slackening the cable) and then to roll back from gravity, jerking the cable tight. If the emergency brakes had been functional, they would have caught the car when the cable snapped tight, but without them
4818-460: Was bordered by what later was Florence Avenue on the north, Redondo Beach Boulevard on the south, Central Avenue on the east, and Arlington Avenue on the west. The Rosecrans property was subdivided and sold in the early 1870s. One of those became the 650-acre (2.6 km ) Amestoy Ranch. Gardena proper began in 1887 when the Pomeroy & Harrison real estate developers subdivided the ranch, anticipating
4891-497: Was closed on May 17, 1969 (or May 18), when the Bunker Hill area underwent a controversial total redevelopment , which destroyed and displaced a community of almost 22,000 working-class families who were renting rooms in architecturally significant but run-down buildings; the demolished residences were replaced with a contemporary mixed-use district of high-rise commercial buildings and modern apartment and condominium complexes. Both of
4964-489: Was discontinued in May 1998, despite the company contracted to perform the tests advising that the rising particulate level in the samples warranted more frequent testing. Besides the design failures in the haulage system, the Angels Flight setup was also criticized by the NTSB for the lack of gates on the cars and the absence of a parallel walkway for emergency evacuation. The death and injuries could have been avoided if any one of
5037-733: Was more affordable than that of Torrance, a middle-class base, and it also had an established Asian population. In 1990, 2,857 ethnic Koreans lived in Gardena, a 209% increase from the 1980 figure of 924 ethnic Koreans. Digital Manga is headquartered in Suite 300 at 1487 West 178th Street. Nissin Foods has its United States headquarters and a plant in Gardena. Nissin Foods (U.S.A.) Co., Inc. opened in Gardena in 1970. Marukai Corporation U.S.A. has its headquarters in Gardena. Nissan's North America headquarters were located in Gardena until they moved to Tennessee in 2006. National Stores Inc. , which operates
5110-478: Was promoted especially in the colonies of the British Empire during the second half of the nineteenth century by Thomas Hall and Everard Calthrop . Several Bosnian-gauge railways with 760 mm ( 2 ft 5 + 15 ⁄ 16 in ) are found in south-eastern Europe. 760 mm (29.92 in) is well within tolerances of 762 mm (30.00 in). Gardena, California Gardena
5183-399: Was shut down in 2001 following a fatal accident (see § 2001 accident below) and reopened in 2010. It was closed again during June and July of 2011, and then again after a minor derailment incident in September of 2013. The investigation of this latter incident led to the discovery of potentially serious safety problems in both the design and the operation of the funicular. Before
5256-421: Was stored in the garage of the building. They were stored at this location for 27 years at no charge in anticipation of the railway's restoration and reopening, which according to the city's Redevelopment Agency, was originally slated to take place within two years. After being stored for 27 years, the funicular was rebuilt and reopened by the newly formed Angels Flight Railway Foundation on February 24, 1996, half
5329-415: Was the improper design and construction of the funicular drive, and the failure of the various regulatory bodies to ensure that the railway system conformed to initial safety design specifications and known funicular safety standards. The NTSB further remarked that the company that designed and built the drive, control, braking, and haul systems, Lift Engineering /Yantrak, was no longer in business, and that
#865134