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19-483: 15°50′51″S 72°26′36″W  /  15.84750°S 72.44333°W  / -15.84750; -72.44333 This Arequipa Region geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Peru is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Arequipa Region Arequipa ( Quechua : Ariqipa ) is a department and region in southwestern Peru . It

38-786: A hydrographic point of view, the rivers draining its territory belong mainly to the Pacific watershed. Some rivers belong to the Amazon hydrographic system. Some of the region's main rivers are: Ocoña, Yauca, Camaná and Quilca. The starting point of the Amazon River is located in the Arequipa region. The Highest Mountains of Arequipa are: The region is divided into eight provinces ( provincias , singular: provincia ), which are composed of 109 districts ( distritos , singular: distrito ). The provinces, with their capitals in parentheses, are: According to

57-640: Is Peru's second-largest city. This department has a rough topography, which is characterised by heavy layers of volcanic lava covering large areas of its inter- Andean sector. It has deep canyons such as the ones formed by the Ocoña and Majes rivers. Plateaus range in height from medium, such as La Joya, and high-altitude ones such the Arrieros Pampa and those located in the zones of Chivay, Huambo and Pichucolla. Volcanic cones, such as Misti , Chachani , Ampato , Mismi , Solimana and Coropuna , emerge above

76-549: Is the sixth largest department in Peru, after Puno , Cuzco , Madre de Dios , Ucayali , and Loreto , its sixth most populous department, and its eleventh least densely populated department. It is bordered by the departments of Ica , Ayacucho , Apurímac and Cusco in the north, the Department of Puno in the east, the Department of Moquegua in the south, and the Pacific Ocean in the west. Its capital, also called Arequipa ,

95-521: Is thought to be the deepest canyon in the world. Both canyons offer spectacular scenery and villages as yet unaffected by the modern world. In the Castilla Province near Corire, Toro Muerto (meaning "dead bull" in Spanish) is an area with more than 3,000 ancient petroglyphs dating to the ancient Wari culture of 500–1000 CE, which dominated much of this region. Further to the north near Andaguas lies

114-469: The 2007 Peru Census , the first language learned by most of the residents was Spanish (83.17%), followed by the native language of Quechua (14.78%). The Quechua variety spoken in Arequipa is Cusco–Collao Quechua . The following table shows the first languages by province in the Arequipa Region by province: Ethnicity in Arequipa (2017) As of 2017, the largest ethnicity in the Arequipa region are

133-498: The Mestizo , followed by the Quechua . In 2017, over 80% of Arequipa's population was Catholic. In 2017, 91.5% (1,274,358) of the population was literate and 8.5% (118,691) of the population was illiterate. There are numerous points of interest in the Arequipa region. The three coastal provinces, Caraveli, Camana and Islay all have popular beaches. Various ports can also be found along

152-674: The Peruvian Navy is named after the town. About 1300, the legendary Inca Mayta Cápac , puts the regions of Arequipa and Moquegua under the control of the Inca empire. Sixty three years later, and according to Garcilaso de la Vega , the Inca Cápac Yupanqui , following traditional customs of the Inca Empire, selected four generals from his major staff and entrusted them the command of approximately twenty thousand soldiers (or Tuqui Titos ) for

171-553: The territory of the Inca Empire. After Tiahuanaco's culture decadency and during the Inca era, the Peruvian south coast was occupied by several tribes: The river basin formed by the Tambo river, probably conquest and occupied by external forces during several periods, generate a population with local and heterogeneous customs, leaving several vestiges about their civilization, suddenly attached to

190-554: The 3rd Chilean Line Infantry Regiment, The Chilean Marines, One brigade of Chilean Sappers, and 30 Horse Cavalry. The defenses of Mollendo consisted of two small forts with no cannon ( which were days earlier transported to Arequipa) defended by 100 soldiers. The first to disembark were the Chilean Marines, who took the town without a struggle. The rest (Main Body) of the expedition landed on or near Islay, without opposition. On March 9, 1880,

209-586: The Main Body of the expedition entered Mollendo. Colonel Barbosa with 500 soldiers left Mollendo towards Mejia in search of the defenders, leaving the 3rd Chilean Line Infantry in charge of the town, looting of homes quickly began. Colonel Barbosa arrived in Mejia, destroying the locomotives and railtracks to prevent reinforcements arriving from Arequipa via rail. Colonel Barbosa surprised the defenders at Ensenada, taking 20 prisoners. Upon his return to Mollendo, he learned of

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228-689: The Valley of Volcanoes. Almost 100 cones of various sizes dominate the lava-hardened landscape. Mollendo Mollendo is a town on the Pacific Ocean in southern Perú . It is located in the Arequipa Region and is the capital of both the Islay Province and the Mollendo District . Mollendo was the main port on the Peruvian southern coast until Matarani was developed around the mid-20th century;

247-467: The coast region conquest project. Cápac Yupanqui's son, Sinchi Rocca , conquered all of Arequipa and Moquegua coast area. From this event and ahead, Tambo is a main protagonist into the region history, due their geographical position and serving as weapons and food supply depot. Inca Yáhuar Huácac , successor of Inca Cápac Yupanqui, established his supply depots and headquarters in this valley, to march into Atacama (north Chilean region) direction to expand

266-604: The coastline, the two most important being Mollendo and Matarani , both in the province of Islay. The Colca Canyon , twice as deep as the Grand Canyon in the United States, is situated in the province of Caylloma. The Cotahuasi Canyon is in the La Union Province. Colca Valley provides incredible close-up views of majestic Andean condors soaring in their natural habitat . Cotahuasi, at 3,535 metres (11,598 ft),

285-542: The main attraction in the area, even though it is visited by the Humboldt Current that brings cold water from Antarctica. In the summer months, from December to April, the population more than doubles as people from the largest city in the region (Arequipa) use Mollendo and its beaches as a vacation spot, especially on weekends. Mollendo exports wool and has industries producing cement , textiles , canned fish , and cheese . The Auxiliary Ship BAP Mollendo (ATC-131) of

304-496: The plateaus and attract snowfall. In contrast with these heights, there are deep canyons , including Majes, Colca , Sihuas and Ocoña, where important aspects of the ecological evolution of this zone can be clearly observed. Along the coast, small plateaus and dunes represent characteristics of the desert of Arequipa, such as the ones located in the Majes, Sihuas and La Joya plains. These are particularly beautiful and developed. From

323-532: The port of Mollendo serves fishermen for the local economy and all the commercial shipping is done through Matarani, 12 km to the north, as the old port is in ruins. From about 1830 to 1880 it was a key port in the guano trade. A railroad used to run passenger trains daily, but a developed highway connects Mollendo to the Panamerican Highway , with the train now only running as a summer express from Arequipa, on Saturday, returning Sunday. The local beaches are

342-458: The remaining mixed etymology name from several languages such as Quechua , Cocachacra, Challascapi, etc. Another external influences were the Kauiqui and Puquina with characteristic suffixes such as ando , endo , indo . Some examples are: Cachendo, Mollendo, Huarindo, Catarindo, etc. A large population was located along the valley and nearing hills, serving it from subterranean waters. Influence of

361-626: The sea was decisive on the valley and coast inhabitants were the mama coccha (the sea creator) provide them with fish and sea fruits. During the War of the Pacific Mollendo was invaded by Chilean forces under the command of Colonel Orozimbo Barbosa . The main aim of this force (transported by the Chilean Navy ) was to wreak havoc on Southern Peru, so as to force the process of negotiations for peace between Peru and Chile. The invasion forces consisted of

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