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30-484: A satiric misspelling is an intentional misspelling of a word, phrase or name for a rhetorical purpose. This can be achieved with intentional malapropism (e.g. replacing erection for election ), enallage (giving a sentence the wrong form, eg. "we was robbed!"), or simply replacing a letter with another letter (for example, in English, k replacing c ), or symbol ( $ replacing s ). Satiric misspelling

60-712: A cat asking "I can haz cheezburger?" Blogger Anil Dash described the intentionally poor spelling and fractured grammar as "kitty pidgin ". The negative squared letter B (🅱️; originally used to represent blood type B) can be used to replace hard consonants as an internet meme . This originates from the practice of members of the Bloods replacing the letter C with the letter B , but has been extended to any consonant. Common examples are: Various different instances of intentional misspellings of animal names have been made as internet memes . The mid-2000s lolcat memes used spellings such as kitteh for kitty. The 2013 Doge meme

90-557: A degree of institutional support in a country. Therefore, normative spelling is a relatively recent development linked to the compiling of dictionaries (in many languages, special spelling dictionaries , also called orthographic dictionaries , are compiled, showing prescribed spelling of words but not their meanings), the founding of national academies and other institutions of language maintenance, including widespread education and literacy , and often does not apply to minority and regional languages . In countries or regions where there

120-409: A few spellings preferred by Noah Webster having contributed to American and British English spelling differences . Learning proper spelling by rote is a traditional element of elementary education, and divergence from standard spelling is often perceived as an indicator of low intelligence, illiteracy , or lower class standing. Spelling tests are commonly used to assess a student's mastery of

150-452: A long-standing theme of insulting the law firm Carter-Ruck by replacing the R with an F to read Carter-Fuck. The law firm once requested that Private Eye cease spelling its name like that; the magazine then started spelling it "Farter-Fuck". Likewise, Private Eye often refers to The Guardian as The Grauniad , due to the newspaper's early reputation for typographical errors . Plays on acronyms and initialisms are also common, when

180-524: A media and technology management consulting firm, and a co-founder (with Gina Trapani ) and CEO of ThinkUp, a social media aggregation and analysis tool. The company was shuttered in June 2016. Dash was appointed CEO of Fog Creek Software in December 2016. On September 25, 2018, the company was renamed Glitch after its flagship product. In March 2020, Glitch and its union signed a collective bargaining agreement,

210-456: A series of letters that represents no correctly spelled word of the same language at all (such as "leik" for "like") or a correct spelling of another word (such as writing "here" when one means "hear", or "no" when one means "know"). Misspellings of the latter type are called " atomic typos ", and they can easily make their way into printed material because they are not caught by simple computer spell checkers . Deliberate misspellings that emphasize

240-468: A specific negative attribute, real or perceived, of a product or service. This is especially effective if the misspelling is done by replacing part of the word with another that has identical phonetic qualities. Journalists may make a politicized editorial decision by choosing to differentially retain (or even create) misspellings, mispronunciations, ungrammaticisms, dialect variants, or interjections. The British political satire magazine Private Eye has

270-461: Is a deliberate misspelling of dog . The internet slang of DoggoLingo , which appeared around the same time, spells dog as doggo and also includes respelled words for puppy ( pupper ) and other animals such as bird ( birb ) and snake ( snek ). Respellings in DoggoLingo usually alter the pronunciation of the word. Along the same lines, intentional misspellings can be used to promote

300-523: Is an American technology executive, entrepreneur , Prince scholar and writer. He is the Head of Glitch and VP of Developer Experience at Fastly . In 1999, Dash launched his personal weblog, dashes.com (now anildash.com), while working as an independent technology consultant. From 2001 to 2003, he worked as a new media developer for the Village Voice before becoming the first employee of Six Apart ,

330-513: Is an authoritative language academy , such as France, the Netherlands, and the German-speaking areas, reforms have occasionally been introduced (not always successfully) so that spelling better matches the changing pronunciation. Examples are: There have occasionally been English-language spelling reform proposals, at least since the 16th century, but they have made little impact apart from

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360-575: Is commonly known as " typosquatting ". English orthography has a broad degree of standardization. However, there are several ways to spell almost every sound, and most letters have several variants of pronunciation depending on their position in the word and context. Therefore, some spelling mistakes are common even among native speakers. This is mainly due to large number of words that were borrowed from other languages with no successful attempts of complete spelling reform. Most spelling rules usually do not reflect phonetic changes that have taken place since

390-509: Is found widely today in informal writing on the Internet , but is also made in some serious political writing that opposes the status quo . Replacing the letter c with k in the first letter of a word was used by the Ku Klux Klan during its early years in the mid-to-late 19th century. The concept is continued today within the group. For something similar in the writing of groups opposed to

420-456: Is often referred to as the "National Surveillance Agency" and sometimes " National Socialist Agency" by opponents of its PRISM program, who view it as dystopian encroachment on personal privacy. Misspelling Spellings originated as transcriptions of the sounds of speech according to the alphabetic principle . Fully phonemic orthography is usually only approximated, due to factors including changes in pronunciation over time, and

450-817: Is the spelling of America as Amerikkka , alluding to the Ku Klux Klan , referring to underlying racism in American society. The earliest known usage of Amerikkka recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary is in July 1970, in an African-American magazine called Black World . The spelling Amerikkka came into greater use after the 1990 release of the gangsta rap album AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted by Ice Cube . The letters KKK have been inserted into several other words and names, to indicate similar perceived racism, oppression or corruption. Examples include: Currency symbols like €, $ and £ can be inserted in place of

480-542: Is to write okupa rather than ocupa (often on a building or area occupied by squatters ), referring to the name adopted by okupación activist groups. It stems from a combination of English borrowings with k in them to those languages, and Spanish anarchist and punk movements which used "k" to signal rebellion. Replacing "c" with "k" was at the center of a Monty Python joke from the Travel Agent sketch. Eric Idle 's character has an affliction that makes him pronounce

510-626: The Icelandic language is based on the etymological principle, like English; thus the Icelanders themselves experience difficulties in writing. The modern Icelandic alphabet is based on the standard introduced by the Danish philologist Rasmus Rask. The fundamental principles of the Spanish orthography are phonological and etymological, that is why there are several letters with identical phonemes. Beginning from

540-592: The 17th century, various options for orthographic reforms were suggested that would create a one-to-one correspondence between grapheme and phoneme, but all of them were rejected. Most modern proposals to reform spelling are limited to the removal of homophone letters that are preserved for etymological reasons. In many languages, types of mis-spelling arise from features of those languages which are not present in English: for example, Anil Dash Anil Dash ( / ɑː ˈ n iː l ˈ d æ ʃ / ; born September 5, 1975)

570-756: The KKK, see §  KKK replacing c or k , below. In the 1960s and early 1970s in the United States , the Yippies sometimes used Amerika rather than America in referring to the United States. According to Oxford Dictionaries , it was an allusion to the Russian and German spellings of the word and intended to be suggestive of fascism and authoritarianism . A similar usage in Italian , Spanish , Catalan and Portuguese

600-433: The borrowing of vocabulary from other languages without adapting its spelling. Homophones may be spelled differently on purpose in order to disambiguate words that would otherwise have identical spellings. Standardization of spelling is connected with the development of writing and the establishment of modern standard dialects . Languages with established orthography are those languages that enjoy an official status and

630-572: The end of the 15th century (for example, the Great Vowel Shift ). Portuguese spelling is not strictly phonematic. It is associated with an extension of the Portuguese language and the emergence of numerous regional and dialect variants. In 2009 the global reform of the Portuguese language was initiated to eliminate 98% of inconsistencies in spelling between various countries. The orthography of

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660-474: The first implementation of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Dash has been critical of present day usage of the NFT concept, stating "The only thing we’d wanted to do was ensure that artists could make some money and have control over their work," and that co-creator "McCoy still believes that blockchain technologies can help artists sustain their work." In 2004, he won an SEO contest which required contestants to get

690-539: The first in the tech industry. Dash was host of Function with Anil Dash , a podcast about technology's effects on culture, co-produced by Glitch and Vox Media The podcast ran for two seasons from 2018 to 2020. Dash is also a scholar of the musician Prince . In 2014, as part of a collaboration with Kevin McCoy , Dash co-created Monegraph, a blockchain -based system for verifying original digital artworks initially called monetized graphics , which has since been called

720-488: The full name is spelled out but one of the component words is replaced by another. For example, Richard Stallman and other Free Software Foundation executives often refer to digital rights management as "digital restrictions management". a reference to the tendency for DRM to stifle the end user's ability to reshare music or write CDs more than a certain number of times. Likewise, the National Security Agency

750-412: The letter C as a B, as in "blassified" instead of "classified". Michael Palin asks him if he can say the letter K; Idle replies that he can, and Palin suggests that he spell words with a K instead of C. Idle replies: "what, you mean, pronounce 'blassified' with a K? [...] Klassified. [...] Oh, it's very good! I never thought of that before! What a silly bunt !" A common satiric usage of the letters KKK

780-481: The letters E , S and L respectively to indicate plutocracy , greed , corruption , or the perceived immoral, unethical, or pathological accumulation of money . For example: Occasionally a word written in its orthodox spelling is altered with internal capital letters, hyphens, italics, or other devices so as to highlight a fortuitous pun. Some examples: In the mid-2000s, lolcat image macros were captioned with deliberate misspellings, known as "lolspeak", such as

810-595: The makers of Movable Type , TypePad , and Vox , where he served as a vice president until 2009. From 2009 to 2012 he served as the director of Expert Labs , a Gov 2.0 project to facilitate political participation. After this work, he became an advisor to the White House Office of Digital Strategy under the Obama administration. He was also previously a partner with Michael J. Wolf in Activate Consulting,

840-515: The orthographic conventions adopted, as is the case with American/British English distinctions. Misspelling can also be a matter of opinion when variant spellings are accepted by some and not by others. For example, "miniscule" (for "minuscule") is a misspelling to many, and yet it is listed as an acceptable variant in some dictionaries. A well-known internet scam involves the registration of domain names that are deliberate misspellings of well-known corporate names to mislead or defraud. The practice

870-415: The pronunciation of a regional dialect are part of eye dialect (such as writing "'Murica'" instead of "America", or "helluva" instead of "hell of a"). Misspellings may be due to accidental typing errors (e.g. the transposition error teh for the ), lack of knowledge of the normative spelling, or lack of concern over spelling rules at all. Whether or not a word is misspelled may depend on context and

900-813: The words in the spelling lessons the student has received so far. They can also be an effective practice method. Spelling bees are competitions to determine the best speller of a group. Prominent spelling bees are sometimes even televised, such as the National Spelling Bee in the United States. Divergent spelling is a popular advertising technique, used to attract attention or to render a trademark "suggestive" rather than "merely descriptive", or to evade copyright restrictions. The pastry chains Dunkin' Donuts and Krispy Kreme , for example, employ non-standard spellings. While some words admit multiple spellings, some spellings are not considered standard. These are commonly called " misspellings ". A misspelled word can be

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