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39-684: The American Anti-Vivisection Society was founded by Caroline Earle White in 1883 in Philadelphia . The group was inspired by Britain's recently passed Cruelty to Animals Act 1876 . Caroline White corresponded with Frances Power Cobbe , the woman who led the Victoria Street Society and had the Cruelty of Animals Act passed. The Society advocated complete abolition of vivisection in scientific testing. The first two members – Caroline Earle White and Mary Frances Lovell – worked with their husbands in

78-508: A Jenkintown, Pennsylvania -based animal protectionism organization created with the goal of eliminating a number of different procedures done by medical and cosmetic groups in relation to animal cruelty in the United States. It seeks to help the betterment of animal life and human-animal interaction through legislation reform. It was the first anti-vivisection organization founded in the United States. The American Anti-Vivisection Society

117-449: A Dog?" as well as occasional spots and commercials on radio and television. Animalearn was created in 1990 and is the AAVS' educational department. The group intends to illustrate how science and biology can be taught in schools without actually using animals, like with dissection in the classroom. Animalearn conducts free workshops with educators nationwide to show how to teach science without

156-400: A Dog?" as well as occasional spots and commercials on radio and television. Animalearn was created in 1990 and is the AAVS' educational department. The group intends to illustrate how science and biology can be taught in schools without actually using animals, like with dissection in the classroom. Animalearn conducts free workshops with educators nationwide to show how to teach science without

195-614: A bird that has been greased and poised), pigeon shoots, and fox hunts . The Women's Humane Society still lives out Caroline Earle White's beliefs and efforts to this day. Operating out of Bensalem, PA, the Women's Humane Society has managed to save, heal, and find homes for animals in the Delaware Valley for over 145 years. The Caroline Earle White Veterinary Hospital provides a range of healthcare services for dogs, cats and other small domestic animals as part of their commitment to maintaining

234-471: A place to drink besides the local bar. As a child, White often witnessed drivers beating their exhausted horses as they labored under heavy freight down Philadelphia’s streets. Later she recalled how such sights depressed and troubled her that she could no longer walk down certain streets. Richard White knew of his wife’s feelings and mentioned to her that she should become involved in the Royal Society for

273-729: Is not viewed as an active participant in the suffrage movement. However, throughout the 1890s, she wrote for, and was written about in the Philadelphia journal Woman’s Progress . The publication ran regular articles in support of women’s suffrage, and she was well known among suffragettes. Her founding of the WPSPCA and AAVS encouraged women to pursue roles in society typically occupied by men. White died at her summer home in Nantucket , Massachusetts , on September 7, 1916. White's niece, Philadelphia poet Florence Earle Coates , reflected on her aunt: "She

312-535: The Browning Society , a women’s literary club. She was also a supporter of women’s suffrage. Involvement in such a wide range of reform movements was not unusual for middle-class women in the 19th century. In fact, White firmly believed that one social injustice could lead to another, as evidenced with her involvement with the Women’s Christian Temperance Union . In the 1878 annual report for

351-620: The Reading Railroad was charged with transporting a shipment of horses for 52 hours without food or water. The railroad was found guilty and the Reading officials were charged $ 200, setting an important precedent. White viewed the 28-hour law as the crowning achievement of her life. The WPSPCA also advocated against blood sports such as; fighting dogs and roosters , animal baiting (tethering an animal and allowing other animals to attack), gander pulling (riders on horseback attempt to decapitate

390-564: The AAVS tried to pass anti-vivisection legislation in Pennsylvania but was defeated by the "determination" of the medical profession. In the 1920s the AAVS sponsored a humane alternative to fur , a synthetic fur known as "humanifur". The AAVS gained medical support but remained at odds with the American Medical Association (AMA), who argued that vivisection was critical to furthering medical advances. Anti-vivisectionists spent

429-437: The AAVS tried to pass anti-vivisection legislation in Pennsylvania but was defeated by the "determination" of the medical profession. In the 1920s the AAVS sponsored a humane alternative to fur , a synthetic fur known as "humanifur". The AAVS gained medical support but remained at odds with the American Medical Association (AMA), who argued that vivisection was critical to furthering medical advances. Anti-vivisectionists spent

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468-647: The Earth." Caroline Earle White Caroline White ( née Earle ; 1833–1916) was an American philanthropist and anti- vivisection activist. She co-founded the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PSPCA) in 1867, founded its women's branch (WPSPCA) in 1869, and founded the American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) in 1883. White was also an active clubwoman, and

507-466: The Pennsylvania Society to Prevent Cruelty to Animals (PSPCA), yet felt that their capabilities extended beyond what the PSPCA had to offer and, in 1869, founded the Women's Branch of the PSPCA (today known as the Women's Humane Society). The AAVS launched leaflet campaigns, held marches and recruited legislative advocates. The first American animal testing facilities were opened in the 1860s and 1870s, much to

546-417: The Pennsylvania Society to Prevent Cruelty to Animals (PSPCA), yet felt that their capabilities extended beyond what the PSPCA had to offer and, in 1869, founded the Women's Branch of the PSPCA (today known as the Women's Humane Society). The AAVS launched leaflet campaigns, held marches and recruited legislative advocates. The first American animal testing facilities were opened in the 1860s and 1870s, much to

585-665: The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA); the world’s first animal welfare society. Also inspired by the RSPCA, wealthy American Henry Bergh founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals on April 10, 1866. In the summer of 1866, Caroline Earle White visited Henry Bergh in New York; she was seeking advice on how to begin a Philadelphia chapter of the SPCA. Bergh told her she should begin like he did, obtaining patronage of

624-705: The Tropics: A Romance of the South Seas, and An Ocean Mystery . Many of her works received critical acclaim. After her conversion to Catholicism, she became president of the St. Vincent’s Aid Society, an organization that donated medical services and supplies to poor and orphaned children. She also served as chairwoman of the Ladies Auxiliary and the American Catholic Historical Society, and as vice president of

663-734: The Women’s Humane Society (also known as the Women’s Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals or WPSPCA) in 1869. Early on the WPSPCA took on many animal issues, such as homeless dogs and cats, by opening America’s first animal shelter in 1869. The shelter also employed three cruelty officers, men authorized to prevent and punish animal abuse. WPSPCA supporters also expressed their animal welfare concerns through campaigns and legislation. White urged her members to boycott cruel carriage horse companies and to place malicious drivers under citizens arrest. In 1909,

702-605: The city’s most prominent individuals. White drafted a petition calling for the creation of a Philadelphia chapter of SPCA, and secured dozens of signatures and pledges of financial support. Unknown to her, at the same time two other Philadelphians were trying to organize a Philadelphia SPCA: M. Richards Muckle, business manager of the Philadelphia Public Ledger , and S. Morris Waln. Finally brought together by Henry Bergh, S. Morris Waln provided financial support while White and Muckle, with Richard White’s assistance, drafted

741-603: The dismay of animal rights pioneers. The biggest concern of the AAVS was the implementation of vivisection in medical testing. Mark Twain 's sketch "A Dog's Tale" was used by the Anti-Vivisection Society in its campaign against that practice. Additionally, it was issued by the British Anti-Vivisection Society as a pamphlet shortly after it was first published in Harper's Magazine in late 1903. In 1908,

780-413: The dismay of animal rights pioneers. The biggest concern of the AAVS was the implementation of vivisection in medical testing. Mark Twain 's sketch "A Dog's Tale" was used by the Anti-Vivisection Society in its campaign against that practice. Additionally, it was issued by the British Anti-Vivisection Society as a pamphlet shortly after it was first published in Harper's Magazine in late 1903. In 1908,

819-493: The group, along with other city humanitarians, secured legislation forbidding the sale or purchase of disabled work horses. White’s organization successfully passed the Twenty-eight Hour Law in 1871, a mandate that required railway companies to provide facilities to feed, water and rest animals in transit every 28 hours. Immediately the WPSPCA sent agents to assess the railways’ adherence and prosecute any offenders. In 1896

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858-623: The group’s charter and corresponding laws. On June 21, 1868, the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was founded. S. Morris Waln was elected president, but White was excluded from an official position. Her husband served on the board of managers and most likely spoke for her. Although women played major roles in American humane organizations; establishing, funding, and volunteering, they were barred from true leadership roles. To remedy their lack of autonomy many women began to form women’s branches of preexisting groups. White founded

897-574: The health and well-being of animals in the community. In 1871, physician S. Weir Mitchell wrote a letter to White requesting that the WPSPCA relinquish unwanted dogs from their shelter to his research hospital, for experimental purposes. Horrified, White called an Executive Committee meeting which resulted in a strenuous resolution protesting vivisection. This action would lead White into several controversies with many prominent scientists. Frances Power Cobbe , British antivivisectionist and feminist, advised White to create an organization that would address

936-650: The issue and raise awareness. The American Anti-Vivisection Society sponsored traveling exhibits depicting the horrors involved in animal testing. One important stop was the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair . Volunteers passed out millions of leaflets addressing the topics of pets stolen for research and the deplorable housing provided for lab animals. Partnering with the Massachusetts SPCA, AAVS successfully campaigned to ban vivisection in elementary and secondary schools in Massachusetts. Other states soon followed suit. White

975-417: The loyal character of animals. It noted that animal cruelty was a sign of the decline of morality in society. The publication changed its name a number of times, from The Starry Cross in 1922, The A-V in 1939, and resting finally with AV Magazine some years after that. Margaret M. Halvey secretary of the AAVS was managing editor of The A-V for 47 years. The AAVS has had radio programs, such as "Have You

1014-415: The loyal character of animals. It noted that animal cruelty was a sign of the decline of morality in society. The publication changed its name a number of times, from The Starry Cross in 1922, The A-V in 1939, and resting finally with AV Magazine some years after that. Margaret M. Halvey secretary of the AAVS was managing editor of The A-V for 47 years. The AAVS has had radio programs, such as "Have You

1053-665: The new constitution for Pennsylvania and was a candidate for vice president when the Anti-Slavery party had its first presidential ticket in 1840. Earle’s mother, Mary Hussey, was a cousin to Lucretia Mott and was an abolitionist and a suffragist. Earle was educated on Nantucket Island in Massachusetts . She studied astronomy, and was well versed in Latin and spoke German, French, Italian, and Spanish. Her family’s wealth gave her many educational opportunities not available to other girls of

1092-429: The next three decades trying to achieve legislation at state level but only succeeded on a national scale until the 1960s. In 1962, Owen B. Hunt president of the AAVS argued against regulation of vivisection and stated that the "American Anti-Vivisection Society stands, as it always has done, for abolition of vivisection on the ground that it is wrong, cruel and fruitless". The AAVS has consistently worked on educating

1131-427: The next three decades trying to achieve legislation at state level but only succeeded on a national scale until the 1960s. In 1962, Owen B. Hunt president of the AAVS argued against regulation of vivisection and stated that the "American Anti-Vivisection Society stands, as it always has done, for abolition of vivisection on the ground that it is wrong, cruel and fruitless". The AAVS has consistently worked on educating

1170-525: The public on issues regarding animal cruelty as well as worked with the U.S. Federal government in passing legislations for animal rights. The organization's earliest publication was a magazine created in 1892 entitled the Journal of Zoöphily . Mary Frances Lovell was its associate editor. The Journal of Zoöphily informed its readers of recent vivisection and animal protectionism issues. The magazine published articles about animal intelligence , "hero dogs" and

1209-473: The public on issues regarding animal cruelty as well as worked with the U.S. Federal government in passing legislations for animal rights. The organization's earliest publication was a magazine created in 1892 entitled the Journal of Zoöphily . Mary Frances Lovell was its associate editor. The Journal of Zoöphily informed its readers of recent vivisection and animal protectionism issues. The magazine published articles about animal intelligence , "hero dogs" and

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1248-611: The time. In 1856 Earle married attorney Richard P. White, a member of one of the most respected Catholic families in Pennsylvania. Richard White would later open a firm with Caroline’s brother, under the name Earle and White. After a year of study, Mrs. White converted to Catholicism. She and her husband had one son, Thomas Earle White. After her marriage, White had many intellectual and humanitarian pursuits to occupy her time. She wrote and published several travel guides, short stories, and novels, including A Holiday in Spain and Norway, Love in

1287-474: The use of animals in testing, research and education. In 1883, she founded the American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS), the first of its kind in the United States. Although the group harbored an absolutist stance, AAVS initially pursued a more flexible approach to attempt to end the practice. The board of directors was mainly composed of physicians. The organization utilized the support of celebrities, politicians, and writers, including Mark Twain , to validate

1326-489: The use of animals, as well as trying to incorporate animal-rights, in concept and practice, into the curriculum and educational environment of the school setting. The group has created what they call the Science Bank which is a program of "new and innovative life science software and educational products that enable educators and students to learn anatomy, physiology, and psychology lessons without harming animals, themselves, or

1365-434: The use of animals, as well as trying to incorporate animal-rights, in concept and practice, into the curriculum and educational environment of the school setting. The group has created what they call the Science Bank which is a program of "new and innovative life science software and educational products that enable educators and students to learn anatomy, physiology, and psychology lessons without harming animals, themselves, or

1404-419: The women’s branch of the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, she stated that much of the cruelty toward animals was due to alcohol. She said, “Ought we not then, in our desire to ameliorate the sufferings of our dumb friends, to add our efforts to those who are laboring for a reform in this manner?” The WPSPCA built water fountains in cities all over the country to provide men and animals

1443-401: Was a great woman with the heart of a little child. Her works praise her; the millions of God's creatures whom she has saved from suffering sing her praise. Where she has gone the recognition of this world counts for little. She has gone where the merciful are blessed, where the pure in heart see God." American Anti-Vivisection Society The American Anti-Vivisection Society ( AAVS ) is

1482-479: Was founded by Caroline Earle White in 1883 in Philadelphia . The group was inspired by Britain's recently passed Cruelty to Animals Act 1876 . Caroline White corresponded with Frances Power Cobbe , the woman who led the Victoria Street Society and had the Cruelty of Animals Act passed. The Society advocated complete abolition of vivisection in scientific testing. The first two members – Caroline Earle White and Mary Frances Lovell – worked with their husbands in

1521-428: Was involved in literary societies and women's suffrage , and worked with organizations that helped the poor obtain medical services. Caroline Earle was born in Philadelphia on September 28, 1833, to Quaker parents Thomas Earle and Mary Hussey. Thomas Earle was a successful Philadelphia lawyer who was devoted to the abolitionist cause and often represented both free and fugitive African Americans. Earle also wrote

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