The Alto Orinoco-Casiquiare Biosphere Reserve is a UNESCO biosphere reserve in the Venezuelan Amazon biome .
8-687: The Alto Orinoco-Casiquiare Biosphere Reserve was designated in 1993. It is located between 00°30' to 04°40'N and 62°45' to 66°34'W in Venezuela, and has a total area of 8,266,230 hectares (20,426,300 acres). This makes it the largest UNESCO biosphere reserve in the tropics. It is administered by the Amazonas State Environmental Office of the Venezuelan Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources. The Duida-Marahuaca National Park
16-404: Is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae . It is endemic to the summit of Cerro Marahuaca , a tepui in central Amazonas state , Venezuela. Its natural habitat is tepui shrubland at around 2,450 m (8,040 ft) asl where it is common in the mossy bases of Heliamphora plants. There are no direct threats to this species, but given its small range (<20 km ), it
24-581: Is in the northern part of the reserve. The reserve also contains the Serranía de la Neblina and Parima Tapirapecó national parks. The lowest land is in the Casiquiare canal plateau and the highest is on the Cerro Marahuaca in the northeast. Altitudes range from 100 to 3,000 metres (330 to 9,840 ft) above sea level. The reserve is crossed from southeast to northwest by the upper Orinoco , which rises in
32-614: Is threatened by illegal gold miners. Duida-Marahuaca National Park Duida–Marahuaca National Park is a protected area in Amazonas state , Venezuela. It has an area of 210,000 ha, and includes the Duida–Marahuaca Massif . The national park was established in 1978. It has been included within the Alto Orinoco-Casiquiare Biosphere Reserve , which was designated in 1993. Venezuela's tepuys are
40-674: The Clusia , Brocchinia , Ananas and Pitcairnia genera, semideciduous rainforest with trees such as Pourouma guianensis , Brownea ariza , Alexa superba , Cupania scrobiculata , Campinarana dominated by Eperua purpurea and holding Eperua falcata , Peltogyne caatingae and Aldinia discolor , lowland rainforest and palm forest with Oenocarpus bataua and Leopoldonia piassaba . Endangered mammals include Fernandez's sword-nosed bat ( Lonchorhina fernandezi ). The biosphere reserve had about 150,000 inhabitants as of 1991, of which under 10% were indigenous people. The main aim of
48-626: The Parima Tapirapecó National Park and flows past the community of La Esmeralda in the center of the reserve. The Köppen climate classification is "Af": equatorial, fully humid. Most of the reserve is in the Negro-Branco moist forests ecoregion. It also contains areas of the Guayanan Highlands moist forests ecoregion. The main ecosystem type is tropical humid forests. Habitats include lower montane rainforest with trees in
56-509: The biosphere reserve is to preserve the homelands and traditional lifestyles of the Yanomami and Ye'kuana peoples. They cultivate yuca, musaceas, túpiro ( Solanum sessiliflorum ), Pijiguao ( Bactris gasipaes ) and Ñame ( Dioscorea genus). Some local residents are opposed to protected areas and the ban on logging and mining. There is lack of culturally sensitive and effective programs for conservation and sustainable development. The region
64-411: The home of a number of endemic frog species. Sometimes these species are known from only a single tepuy, as is the case of several which are to be found in the national park. Several frog species are only known from the summit of Cerro Marahuaca, including Pristimantis marahuaka , Metaphryniscus sosai , and Myersiohyla inparquesi . Pristimantis marahuaka Pristimantis marahuaka
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