76-590: Alma Hall is the home of Alma Lodge #523 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows , located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania . Alma Hall was the first four-story building in the city of Johnstown, and is the oldest building built by a fraternal organization in downtown Johnstown. The building served as a refuge for survivors of the Johnstown Flood in 1889. Alma Hall was officially opened on August 30, 1884. The building
152-690: A Rebekah lodge in 1995. After the Independent Order of Odd Fellows Grand Lodge of Sweden was established in 1895, the interest in Odd Fellowship was awakened in Finland. After Finland had declared independence in 1917, the idea of an Odd Fellows Lodge in Finland was raised again. A few interested people from the town Vaasa in Ostrobothnia province were able to join the Swedish Odd Fellow lodges until
228-620: A charter which was granted. Grand United Order of Odd Fellows in America are still headquartered in Philadelphia. On September 20, 1851, IOOF became the first national fraternity to accept both men and women when it formed the Daughters of Rebekah as an auxiliary organization. Schuyler Colfax (Vice President of the United States (1869–1873) under President Ulysses S. Grant ) was the force behind
304-644: A higher, nobler plane; to extend sympathy and aid to those in need, making their burdens lighter, relieving the darkness of despair; to war against vice in every form, and to be a great moral power and influence for the good of humanity. Teachings in the Order are conducted through the exemplification of the Degrees of membership. The Degrees are conferred on the candidate by their Lodge, and are teachings of principles and truths by ceremonies and symbols. The Degrees are presented largely by means of allegory and drama. For Odd Fellows,
380-425: A reported 2,676,582 members. While this data from 1921 may not be the exact zenith of its membership, the organization experienced a loss in membership of 23.5% between 1920 and 1930, explained in large part by the development of the commercial insurance industry , and has continually declined. The Great Depression and the introduction of Franklin D. Roosevelt 's New Deal brought a decline in membership. During
456-543: A separate governing system from the English Order. In 1843, they changed the name of their organization to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In the following years, lodges were instituted all over the country, first in the east and later in the west. After rejection from the Independent Order of Odd Fellows due to race, an African American sailor, Peter Ogden , petitioned the Grand United Order of Oddfellows for
532-489: A single soul destroys a whole world and that he who saves a single soul saves a whole world; furthermore, so no race or class may claim a nobler ancestry, saying, "Our father was born first"; and, finally, to give testimony to the greatness of the Lord, who caused the wonderful diversity of mankind to emanate from one type. And why was Adam created last of all beings? To teach him humility; for if he be overbearing, let him remember that
608-587: Is a fundamental [all-inclusive] principle of the Torah. ' " Hillel the Elder ( c. 110 BCE – 10 CE) used this verse as a most important message of the Torah for his teachings. Once, he was challenged by a gentile who asked to be converted under the condition that the Torah be explained to him while he stood on one foot. Hillel accepted him as a candidate for conversion to Judaism but, drawing on Leviticus 19:18, briefed
684-525: Is a great principle of the Torah." In 1935, Rabbi Eliezer Berkovits explained in his work "What is the Talmud?" that Leviticus 19:34 disallowed xenophobia by Jews. Israel's postal service quoted from the previous Leviticus verse when it commemorated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on a 1958 postage stamp . The Golden Rule was proclaimed by Jesus of Nazareth during his Sermon on
760-436: Is sometimes called an ethics of reciprocity, meaning that you should reciprocate to others how you would like them to treat you (not necessarily how they actually treat you). Various expressions of this rule can be found in the tenets of most religions and creeds through the ages. The maxim may appear as a positive or negative injunction governing conduct: The term "Golden Rule", or "Golden law", began to be used widely in
836-454: Is the command: Do to the doer to make him do." This proverb embodies the do ut des principle. A Late Period ( c. 664–323 BCE ) papyrus contains an early negative affirmation of the Golden Rule: "That which you hate to be done to you, do not do to another." In Mahābhārata , the ancient epic of India, there is a discourse in which sage Brihaspati tells the king Yudhishthira
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#1733084896966912-462: Is to be hurt? Furthermore, in verse 312, Valluvar says that it is the determination or code of the spotless (virtuous) not to do evil, even in return, to those who have cherished enmity and done them evil. According to him, the proper punishment to those who have done evil is to put them to shame by showing them kindness, in return and to forget both the evil and the good done on both sides (verse 314). The Golden Rule in its prohibitive (negative) form
988-424: Is written in the law? What do you read there?" He answered, "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind and your neighbor as yourself." And he said to him, "You have given the right answer; do this, and you will live." The passage in the book of Luke then continues with Jesus answering the question, "Who is my neighbor?", by telling
1064-518: The Golden Rule , which itself appears in various forms, positive and negative. It is the earliest written version of that concept in a positive form. At the turn of the era, the Jewish rabbis were discussing the scope of the meaning of Leviticus 19:18 and 19:34 extensively: The stranger who resides with you shall be to you as one of your citizens; you shall love him as yourself, for you were strangers in
1140-468: The Grand United Order of Oddfellows (1798-) in 1804 but followed through with the split of Independent Order of Oddfellows Manchester Unity (1810–) before immigrating to the United States in 1817. In 1842, after a dispute on authority, the American Lodges formed a governing system separate from the English Order, and in 1843 assumed the name Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Like other fraternities,
1216-798: The New Testament quote Jesus of Nazareth espousing the positive form of the Golden rule: "In everything do to others as you would have them do to you, for this is the Law and the Prophets." Do to others as you would have them do to you. A similar passage, a parallel to the Great Commandment , is to be found later in the Gospel of Luke . An expert in the law stood up to test him [Jesus]. "Teacher," he said, "what must I do to inherit eternal life?" He said to him, "What
1292-868: The Order of Odd Fellows founded in England during the 18th century, the IOOF was originally chartered by the Independent Order of Oddfellows Manchester Unity in England but has operated as an independent organization since 1842, although it maintains an inter-fraternal relationship with the English Order. The order is also known as the Triple Link Fraternity , referring to the order's "Triple Links" symbol, alluding to its motto "Friendship, Love and Truth". While several unofficial Odd Fellows Lodges had existed in New York City circa 1806–1818, because of its charter relationship,
1368-451: The 1800s. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows re-established lodges in the country in 2008. In January 2012, there were four Odd Fellow lodges in the country. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows was established in Norway in 1898 and is one of the strongest jurisdictions in terms of membership. In January 2010, there were 151 Odd Fellow Lodges and 125 Rebekah Lodges and about 23,414 members in
1444-880: The 1890s, and the membership totaled almost 4,000 brothers. The formal establishment of the IOOF Grand Lodge of the German Empire was on December 28, 1872. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows in Iceland was founded in August 1897 under the Jurisdiction of the IOOF Grand Lodge of Kingdom of Denmark, until it established the Grand Lodge of Iceland on January 31, 1948. In December 2017, there were 28 Odd Fellows Lodges, 18 Rebekah Lodges, 6 Odd Fellow Encampments and 5 Rebekah Encampments – about 3,900 members. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows
1520-670: The American Odd Fellows is regarded as being founded with Washington Lodge No 1 in Baltimore at the Seven Stars Tavern on April 26, 1819, by Thomas Wildey along with some associates who assembled in response to an advertisement in the New Republic. The following year, the lodge affiliated with the Independent Order of Oddfellows Manchester Unity and was granted the authority to institute new lodges. Previously, Wildey had joined
1596-574: The Golden Rule in sacred writings from 13 faith traditions (designed by Paul McKenna of Scarboro Missions, 2000) has been on permanent display at the Headquarters of the United Nations since 4 January 2002. Creating the poster "took five years of research that included consultations with experts in each of the 13 faith groups." (See also the section on Global Ethic. ) A rule of reciprocal altruism
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#17330848969661672-599: The Grand Lodge was surrendered. In September 2012, there were 3 Odd Fellows Lodges and 3 Rebekahs Lodges in the country. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows was established in Cuba when Porvenir Lodge no.1 was instituted in Havana on August 26, 1883. More lodges were then instituted the following years. In 2012 there were about 116 Odd Fellows Lodges, 50 Rebekahs Lodges, 33 Encampments, 12 cantons and 2 Junior Lodges, totaling to about 15,000 members in Cuba. The first attempt to establish
1748-512: The Grand United Order of Oddfellows in 1804, then joined its splinter order, Independent Order of Oddfellows Manchester Unity, before immigrating to the United States in 1817. In 1842, after an elementary dispute on whether the American lodges were to be involved in decision-making procedures, in a split along racial lines, some American Lodges formed with exclusively whites-only membership and
1824-517: The IOOF and the lodges rallied. Over the next half-century, also known as the " Golden age of fraternalism " in America, the Odd Fellows became the largest among all fraternal organizations (at the time, even larger than Freemasonry ). By 1889, the IOOF had lodges in every American state. Compared to Masonic lodges, membership in the Odd Fellows lodges tended to be more common among the lower middle class and skilled workers and less common among
1900-446: The Independent Order of Odd Fellows began by limiting their membership to white men only. On September 20, 1851, the IOOF became the first fraternity in the United States to include white women when it adopted the " Beautiful Rebekah Degree " by initiative of Schuyler Colfax , later Vice-President of the United States . Daughters of Rebekah are an auxiliary organization to the Odd Fellows. Beyond fraternal and recreational activities,
1976-527: The Independent Order of Odd Fellows in what later became the Czech Republic was in 1905 through the formation of Friendship Lodge No. 8 in Saxony. But the unstable political and social condition of the country hampered development. The actual development of the IOOF began after the creation of Czechoslovakia. However, Lodges were banned and cancelled during WWII. The IOOF began to re-activate lodges in 1989, building
2052-713: The Independent Order of Odd Fellows promotes the ethic of reciprocity and charity , by implied inspiration of Judeo-Christian ethics. The largest Sovereign Grand Lodge of all fraternal orders of Odd Fellows since the 19th century, it enrolls some 600,000 members divided in approximately 10,000 lodges into 26 countries, inter-fraternally recognized by the second largest, the British-seated Independent Order of Oddfellows Manchester Unity. Odd Fellows lodges were first documented in 1730 in England from which many organizations emerged. While several unofficial Odd Fellows lodges had existed in New York City sometime in
2128-407: The Independent Order of Odd Fellows, known as Valparaiso Lodge No.1, was instituted by Dr. Cornelius Logan, Grand Sire, on April 15, 1874. Four additional lodges were instituted in the following years, and a Grand Lodge of Chile was instituted on November 18, 1875. However, due to the political situation in the country, the lodges in the country were reduced to 3 active lodges in 1888 and the charter of
2204-786: The Kingdom of Denmark is located at the Odd Fellow Palace in Copenhagen. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows was formally established in the Dominican Republic when Dr. Joaquin Balaguer Lodge no.1 was founded on February 24, 2007, in the City of San Cristobal. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows was founded in Estonia when 1 Odd Fellows Lodge was founded by the Grand Lodge of Finland in 1993 and
2280-494: The Manchester Unity and the IOOF can visit each other's lodges, and are welcome as brothers and sisters. Currently, there are about 12,000 lodges with nearly 600,000 members. Units of the order in the United States include: As an organization, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows aims to provide a framework that promotes personal and social development. Lodge degrees and activities aim to improve and elevate every person to
2356-664: The Mount and described by him as the second great commandment. The common English phrasing is "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you". Various applications of the Golden Rule are stated positively numerous times in the Old Testament : "You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against any of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the LORD." Or, in Leviticus 19:34: "The alien who resides with you shall be to you as
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2432-481: The Rebekahs' decline in importance. Also, the appendant branches and their degrees are, in some countries, becoming regarded as less important or too time-consuming, and are gradually being abandoned. Although there was a decline in membership in fraternal organizations in general during the 20th century, membership in the 21st century started to increase. The Odd Fellows scholarship has extended financial assistance to
2508-562: The Sovereign Grand Lodge finally permitted the Grand Lodge of Sweden to officially establish the IOOF in Finland in 1925. The first lodge established was named Wasa Lodge no.1 in the coastal town of Vaasa. Additional lodges were then formed in Helsinki in 1927 and a third lodge in Turku in 1931. Odd Fellows in Finland encountered great difficulties in the 1930s and during the wartime. Especially
2584-488: The Younger ( c. 4 BCE – 65 CE), a practitioner of Stoicism ( c. 300 BCE – 200 CE), expressed a hierarchical variation of the Golden Rule in his Letter 47 , an essay regarding the treatment of slaves: "Treat your inferior as you would wish your superior to treat you." According to Simon Blackburn , the Golden Rule "can be found in some form in almost every ethical tradition". A multi-faith poster showing
2660-524: The camp" Vistula-Lager" existed. In addition to the above-mentioned, there were 18 IOOF lodges in the Lower Silesia, including as many as five in Wroclaw, "Morse", "Moltke," Phönix "Freundschaft" and "Caritas". In the years 1925 to 1926, they built a new, modern building for their headquarters. It was projected by A. Radig, and it stands in today's Hallera Street in Wroclaw. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows
2736-566: The club was instituted as Friedens Lodge no.1 on June 4, 1922, in Vienna followed by Ikarius Lodge no.2, Pestalozzi Lodge no.3 and Fridtjof Nansen Lodge no.4. Mozart Lager Encampment no.1 was also instituted on June 3, 1932. The first lodge under the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Belgia Lodge no.1, was instituted on June 13, 1911, in Antwerp. On March 15, 1975, Aurora Rebekah Lodge no.1 was instituted in Antwerp. Two more Odd Fellows Lodges were opened in
2812-625: The country. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Isthmian Canal Lodge No. 1, was instituted at Gorgona, September 17, 1907, in Panama. The charter was secured upon the application of named petitioners. Officers were installed. A special meeting was announced to institute a class of 25 on October 5, 1907. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows was established in Poland in Poznan in 1876 and in Wroclaw (then Breslau) in 1879. A Regional Grand Lodge of Silesia and Poznan
2888-487: The country. The first I.O.O.F store in Brazil was established on February 16, 2020. It was a historic date for the country. A special delegation was sent to the country with 3 people, Edward Johnson, Michelle Heckart and Hank Dupray to assist in the foundation. Brazil Lodge N 01. was opened with 18 founding members and the first Noble Grand in Brazil was Gabriel Boni Sutil. Brazil Lodge N 01 remains open and members are working on
2964-404: The degrees in Odd Fellowship emphasize a leaving of the old life and the start of a better one, of welcoming travelers, and of helping those in need. Lodges also provide an international social network of members in 26 countries. The command of the IOOF is to "visit the sick, relieve the distressed, bury the dead and educate the orphan". Specifically, IOOF has stated the following purposes: There
3040-475: The depression, people could not afford Odd Fellows membership fees, and when the New Deal's social reforms started to take effect, the need for the social work of the Odd Fellows declined. In 1971 the IOOF changed its constitution, removing its whites only clause. In 1979 the Order had 243,000 members. Some branches of the order ( i.e. , some countries) have allowed women to join the Odd Fellows itself, leading to
3116-513: The early 17th century in Britain by Anglican theologians and preachers; the earliest known usage is that of Anglicans Charles Gibbon and Thomas Jackson in 1604. Possibly the earliest affirmation of the maxim of reciprocity, reflecting the ancient Egyptian goddess Ma'at , appears in the story of " The Eloquent Peasant ", which dates to the Middle Kingdom ( c. 2040–1650 BCE ): "Now this
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3192-502: The early membership consisted primarily of military officers and government officials. The organization failed during World War II , and was not reformed until November 21, 2009. In 2019 there were 25 active Odd Fellows lodges, 1 Rebekah Lodge, 3 Encampments and 2 Cantons of the Patriarchs Militant located in various towns and cities in the country. Andalucia Rebekah Lodge no.1 was established in 1995, and Costa del Sol Lodge no.1
3268-414: The example of two men. One man would not lend the other his ax, then the next day, the same man asks the other for his ax. If the second man should say, " 'I will not lend it to you, just as you did not lend to me,' it constitutes revenge; if 'Here it is for you; I am not like you, who did not lend me,' it constitutes a grudge. Rashi concludes his commentary by quoting Rabbi Akiva on love of neighbor: 'This
3344-455: The first Odd Fellows Hall in the Czech Republic in 1996. In 2010, Martel Rebekah Lodge No.4 was founded as the lodge for women. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows was established in the Kingdom of Denmark in 1878 and the Rebekahs in 1881. In September 2012, IOOF had over 112 Odd Fellow Lodges and 94 Rebekah Lodges, with a total membership of 14,500 in Denmark. The IOOF Grand Lodge headquarters of
3420-411: The first floor was under water and debris, the remaining floors were quickly occupied by 264 survivors. The survivors included Dr. W.E. Matthews who helped those who needed medical attention (including delivering two babies) while suffering from three cracked ribs. Another survivor was Attorney James Walters, who was carried by the flood waters and thrown through the window into his own office. The building
3496-673: The following about dharma , a philosophical understanding of values and actions that lend good order to life: One should never do something to others that one would regard as an injury to one's own self. In brief, this is dharma. Anything else is succumbing to desire. The Mahābhārata is usually dated to the period between 400 BCE and 400 CE. In Chapter 32 in the Book of Virtue of the Tirukkuṛaḷ ( c. 1st century BCE to 5th century CE ), Valluvar says: Do not do to others what you know has hurt yourself. Why does one hurt others knowing what it
3572-774: The founder of the German Order, Ostheim , was appointed Gedeputeerd Groot Sire voor Nederland and installed the first Dutch board. In 1899, lodges were established in The Hague and Groningen . Also in 1899, the first Nederlandse Grootorde (Grand Lodge of Netherlands) was founded. On September 2, 1911, the first Belgian Lodge, Belgia Loge nr. 201 , was established in Antwerp , and the Order changed its name to Orde in Nederland en België . Various orders of Odd Fellows have existed in Nigeria since
3648-457: The ground floor, while an attorney and an accountant occupy space on the second floor. The building's third floor is currently vacant, but is used by the lodge as storage space. Independent Order of Odd Fellows The Independent Order of Odd Fellows ( IOOF ) is a non-political, non-sectarian international fraternal order of Odd Fellowship . It was founded in 1819 by Thomas Wildey in Baltimore , Maryland , United States. Evolving from
3724-603: The growth of the IOOF in the country. Two lodges under the Manchester Unity of Independent Order of Odd Fellows known as Royal Wellington Lodge no.1 and Loyal Bon Accorde Lodge no.2 existed in Halifax, Nova Scotia, as early as 1815. The IOOF in Canada has 7 Grand Lodges, namely: Grand Lodge of Alberta, Grand Lodge of Atlantic Provinces, Grand Lodge of British Columbia, Grand Lodge of Manitoba, Grand Lodge of Ontario, Grand Lodge of Quebec and Grand Lodge of Saskatchewan. The first Lodge under
3800-401: The image of God. According to Jewish rabbinic literature , the first man Adam represents the unity of mankind . This is echoed in the modern preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . It is also taught that Adam is last in order according to the evolutionary character of God's creation: Why was only a single specimen of man created first? To teach us that he who destroys
3876-616: The institution of Württemberg Lodge, other lodges were instituted including Germania Lodge No. 1 in Berlin on March 30, 1871; Helvetia Lodge No. 1 in Zurich, Switzerland on April 2, 1871; Saxonia Lodge No. 1 in Dresden on June 6, 1871; and Schiller Lodge No. 3 in Stuttgart on May 25, 1872. During the first decades, many lodges were instituted including 56 lodges in the 1870s, 20 lodges in the 1880s, 41 lodges in
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#17330848969663952-446: The institution of the Grand Lodge of Finland on June 2, 1984. In the year 2008, there were 57 Odd Fellows lodges and 48 Rebekah lodges in Finland with about 8,200 members. The first lodge under the Independent Order of Odd Fellows was established on December 1, 1870, in Württemberg, Germany, by Dr. John F. Morse, a Past Grand Master in California and a member of California Odd Fellows Lodge No. 1 of San Francisco, California, U.S.A. After
4028-414: The land of Egypt: I the L ORD am your God. Commentators interpret that this applies to foreigners (e.g. Samaritans ), proselytes ('strangers who reside with you') and Jews. On the verse, "Love your fellow as yourself", the classic commentator Rashi quotes from Torat Kohanim , an early Midrashic text regarding the famous dictum of Rabbi Akiva: "Love your fellow as yourself – Rabbi Akiva says this
4104-448: The little fly preceded him in the order of creation. The Jewish Publication Society's edition of Leviticus states: Thou shalt not hate thy brother, in thy heart; thou shalt surely rebuke thy neighbour, and not bear sin because of him. Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the L ORD . This Torah verse represents one of several versions of
4180-410: The man: What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow: this is the whole Torah; the rest is the explanation; go and learn. Hillel recognized brotherly love as the fundamental principle of Jewish ethics. Rabbi Akiva agreed, while Simeon ben Azzai suggested that the principle of love must have its foundation in Genesis chapter 1, which teaches that all men are the offspring of Adam, who was made in
4256-440: The movement. Both the Odd Fellows and Rebekahs have appendant branches known as Encampments and Patriarchs Militant . The American Civil War (1861–1865) shattered the IOOF in America; membership decreased and many lodges were unable to continue their work, especially in the southern states. After the Civil War, with the beginning of industrialization, the deteriorating social circumstances brought large numbers of people to
4332-511: The native, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the Lord your God." According to John J. Collins of Yale Divinity School , neither Jewish sources or the New Testament ever claim that the commandment to love one's neighbors is applicable to all mankind, though some expansion can also be seen beyond its original context in the Hebrew Bible . The law only applies to an in-group, whether it be Israelites, Jews, or early Christians. Two passages in
4408-411: The native-born among you; you shall love the alien as yourself, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God." These two examples are given in the Septuagint as follows: "And thy hand shall not avenge thee; and thou shalt not be angry with the children of thy people; and thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself; I am the Lord." and "The stranger that comes to you shall be among you as
4484-415: The parable of the Good Samaritan , which John Wesley interprets as meaning that "your neighbor" is anyone in need. Jesus' teaching goes beyond the negative formulation of not doing what one would not like done to themselves, to the positive formulation of actively doing good to another that, if the situations were reversed, one would desire that the other would do for them. This formulation, as indicated in
4560-437: The parable of the Good Samaritan, emphasizes the needs for positive action that brings benefit to another, not simply restraining oneself from negative activities that hurt another. In one passage of the New Testament , Paul the Apostle refers to the golden rule, restating Jesus' second commandment: For the whole law is summed up in a single commandment, "You shall love your neighbor as yourself." St. Paul also comments on
4636-433: The period 1806 to 1818, the American Odd Fellows is regarded as being founded with Washington Lodge No 1 in Baltimore at the Seven Stars Tavern on April 26, 1819, by Thomas Wildey along with some associates who assembled in response to a newspaper advertisement. The following year, the lodge affiliated with the Independent Order of Oddfellows Manchester Unity was granted the authority to institute new lodges. Wildey had joined
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#17330848969664712-427: The question of premises was quite difficult for many years. However, all three lodges which had been established before the war continued their activities almost without interruption. Only after the war, in the year 1951 was the next lodge established. Since then, the development has been steady and quite rapid. In the beginning of the 1980s, the number of brother lodges was 35 and the number of sister lodges 19 leading to
4788-416: The wealthy white collar workers and professionals. In 1896, the World Almanac showed the Odd Fellows as the largest among all fraternal organizations. By the late nineteenth century, the Order had spread to most of the rest of the world, establishing lodges in the Americas, Australasia, and Europe. According to the Journal of the Annual Communication of the Sovereign Grand Lodge 1922, page 426, there were
4864-437: The youth for their education from time to time. The IOOF continues in the 21st century with lodges around the world, and is claimed to be the "largest united international fraternal order in the world under one head", with every lodge working with the Sovereign Grand Lodge located in the United States. Also, the Independent Order of Oddfellows Manchester Unity and the IOOF have recognized each other inter-fraternally; members of
4940-441: Was a common principle in ancient Greek philosophy . Examples of the general concept include: The Pahlavi Texts of Zoroastrianism ( c. 300 BCE – 1000 CE) were an early source for the Golden Rule: "That nature alone is good which refrains from doing to another whatsoever is not good for itself." Dadisten-I-dinik, 94,5, and "Whatever is disagreeable to yourself do not do unto others." Shayast-na-Shayast 13:29 Seneca
5016-447: Was constructed as the home of Alma Lodge, but also served as offices for local doctors, attorneys, and other professionals. The building is an example of Queen Anne style architecture and was one of the first four-story buildings in downtown Johnstown. Alma Hall was one of four buildings that survived the Johnstown Flood in 1889, being shielded by the First Methodist Episcopal Church (now Franklin Street United Methodist Church). While
5092-442: Was established in 1885, which opened lodges in Bydgoszcz in 1895, Gniezno in 1896, Torun in 1898, Gdansk in 1899, Pila 1899 and Grudziadz in 1901. After World War I, six Odd Fellows lodges worked in the Polish lands: in Poznań "Kosmos-Loge" in Inowroclaw "Astrea-Loge" in Bydgoszcz "Emanuel Schweizer Gedächnits Loge" in Gniezno "Friedens-Loge" in Torun "Coppernicus -Loge" and Grudziadz "Ostheim-Loge." Moreover, in Gdansk Gedania-Loge "and
5168-417: Was established in Victoria sometime in the year 1850 and this body made negotiations for affiliation with the Grand Lodge of the United States in 1861. It is also noted that an Ancient Independent Order of Odd Fellows was in existence from 1861 to 1954 in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows in Austria was first formed as a club in 1911. After WWI, conditions changed and
5244-403: Was first established in Switzerland on June 19, 1871, when Helvetia Lodge no.1 was instituted in Zurich by Dr. Morse of California and Mr. Schaettle and Bernheim, members of the fraternity in Germany. The IOOF Grand Lodge of Switzerland was established on April 22, 1874. Ethic of reciprocity The Golden Rule is the principle of treating others as one would want to be treated by them. It
5320-501: Was first introduced in the country when Colombo Lodge no.1 was instituted in Naples in 1895. The first lodge in Mexico under the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, known as Ridgely Lodge no.1, was instituted on August 5, 1882. Several Lodges were opened the following years reaching up to 5 Lodges in 1895. However, the political situation affected their progress. In 2012, there was one Odd Fellows Lodge and one Rebekah Lodge re-instituted in 1996. Paradijs Loge nr. 1 (Paradise Lodge No. 1)
5396-540: Was formally established in Puerto Rico when Boriken Lodge No. 1 was instituted on November 6, 1899, with the help of several members from Florida, New Jersey and New York Lodges of the IOOF. Naborias Rebekahs Lodge No. 1 was also formed in the country. Filipinos first embraced the fraternalism of the Odd Fellows during the revolutionary era as a reaction to the perceived abuses by their Spanish colonists, and by 1898, had formed several military lodges and Odd Fellows Association in Manila . According to their own records,
5472-601: Was founded in Amsterdam on March 19, 1877, by L. Elkan and G.E. van Erpen , former members of an Odd Fellows lodge in the United States. This initiative commenced in 1876, but initially the Dutch Government was not pleased. It subsequently stopped its resistance later in the same year. The translation of the rituals was the next problem, combined with the recognition by the Soeverine Loge (Sovereign Grand Lodge). Eventually
5548-524: Was founded in the country by members of the IOOF from Denmark and Norway in 2002. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows in Sweden was first established in Malmo, Sweden, in 1884, and a Grand Lodge of the Kingdom of Sweden was instituted in 1895. In 2012, Sweden held the strongest membership in IOOF with more than 174 Odd Fellow Lodges, 113 Rebekah Lodges, and over 40,000 members. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows
5624-472: Was one Odd Fellows Lodge in the country, Buenos Ayres Lodge no.1 instituted on January 1, 1903, with 32 members. The most recent report from the lodge was received by the Sovereign Grand Lodge in 1912. A lodge of the Order of Loyal and Independent Odd Fellows was in existence in the state of New South Wales on February 24, 1836. The lodge was established in New Zealand in 1843. An Australian Supreme Grand Lodge
5700-462: Was stated positively in a well-known Torah verse (Hebrew: ואהבת לרעך כמוך ): You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against your kinsfolk. Love your neighbor as yourself: I am the L ORD . According to John J. Collins of Yale Divinity School , most modern scholars, with Richard Elliott Friedman as a prominent exception, view the command as applicable to fellow Israelites. Rashi commented what constitutes revenge and grudge, using
5776-459: Was used as a headquarters for relief distribution following the flood. As it has since its opening, Alma Lodge #523, I.O.O.F. serves as the owner and primary tenant of the building. William F. Packer Encampment, a subordinate branch of the order, also meets at the lodge. The lodge and encampment offices are located on the second floor and the meeting room and dining room are located on the fourth floor. A smoke shop and collectibles shop are located on
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