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154-661: Founded by Rafael Correa in April 2006, the party soon found success amid the " pink tide " period in Latin America. The party's early period in power (2007–2017) is known as the Correa era, named after the longtime leader Correa, who was also the President of Ecuador . Correa was highly popular due to his efforts to make the national economy grow and his politics of social spending and social assistance. When Correa's third term came to an end, he

308-601: A referendum to begin drafting a new constitution; however, the PAIS Alliance movement signed a political alliance with the Ecuadorian Socialist Party , which did present candidates for the National Congress . In the 2006 Ecuadorian general election , Correa came in second place (22.84%), behind banana tycoon Álvaro Noboa (26.83%). Correa won the subsequent 26 November 2006 runoff election with 56.67% of

462-474: A " massacre ", and claiming that the rebels had been killed in their sleep using "advanced technology". He announced that he was summoning his ambassador in Colombia for consultations. On Sunday, 2 March, Correa said that a diplomatic note would be sent in protest at the incursion, claiming that the action had been a violation of Ecuador's airspace. Ecuador formally recalled its ambassador from Colombia and expelled

616-423: A " massacre ", and claiming that the rebels had been killed in their sleep using "advanced technology". He announced that he was summoning his ambassador in Colombia for consultations. On Sunday, 2 March, Correa said that a diplomatic note would be sent in protest at the incursion, claiming that the action had been a violation of Ecuador's airspace. Ecuador formally recalled its ambassador from Colombia and expelled

770-401: A "big discount" on creditors, whom a day earlier he called "true monsters who won't hesitate to crush the country". "I have lost sleep over this … this will cost us tears and sweat but I think we are doing the right thing." Correa, who endorses anti-debt NGO Jubilee 2000 's slogan "life before debt", is popular among Ecuadorians for his stance against foreign investors. Correa has criticized

924-401: A "big discount" on creditors, whom a day earlier he called "true monsters who won't hesitate to crush the country". "I have lost sleep over this … this will cost us tears and sweat but I think we are doing the right thing." Correa, who endorses anti-debt NGO Jubilee 2000 's slogan "life before debt", is popular among Ecuadorians for his stance against foreign investors. Correa has criticized

1078-655: A banking crisis and the government of President Jamil Mahuad replaced the Ecuadorean sucre currency with the U.S. dollar. Correa was highly critical of this dollarisation policy, arguing against it in various academic publications that he produced at the time. Between 1992 and 1993, during the presidency of Sixto Durán Ballén , Correa was a director at the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) in Ecuador, tasked with administrative oversight and supervision of improvement programs for

1232-501: A banking crisis and the government of President Jamil Mahuad replaced the Ecuadorean sucre currency with the U.S. dollar. Correa was highly critical of this dollarisation policy, arguing against it in various academic publications that he produced at the time. Between 1992 and 1993, during the presidency of Sixto Durán Ballén , Correa was a director at the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) in Ecuador, tasked with administrative oversight and supervision of improvement programs for

1386-519: A civil corporation that would investigate ways to solve the serious issue of the Ecuadorian foreign debt, which had risen to a historical high. Rafael Correa , Gustavo Larrea , and Fander Falconí also joined the group. Alliance PAIS influenced many successive political movements, giving its structure to movements like Civic Initiative, National Democratic Action, Alliance Bolivariana Alfarista, and Jubilee 2000. The PAIS Alliance movement functioned under

1540-403: A dangerous leftist with strong links to Venezuela. Correa won the subsequent November 2006 runoff election with 57% of the vote. Rafael Correa was officially declared President on 4 December 2006 by the electoral court. He was sworn in on 15 January 2007 as the 56th president of Ecuador, the seventh to occupy the post since the legislature removed President Abdalá Bucaram 10 years earlier in

1694-403: A dangerous leftist with strong links to Venezuela. Correa won the subsequent November 2006 runoff election with 57% of the vote. Rafael Correa was officially declared President on 4 December 2006 by the electoral court. He was sworn in on 15 January 2007 as the 56th president of Ecuador, the seventh to occupy the post since the legislature removed President Abdalá Bucaram 10 years earlier in

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1848-409: A five-year period. Moreno was tasked with overhauling Ecuador's economy, resulting in spending cuts. The moves to reverse Correa's populist policies did not earn Moreno more popular support, however, and by April 2019 his approval rating had dropped to around 30 percent. By early 2020, his popularity had reduced to 7.72%. In 2021 Ecuadorian general election , Moreno did not seek re-election. Meanwhile,

2002-524: A large majority of Ecuador's indigenous population in their own language also differentiated him from other candidates. He learned Quichua in his youth during a year he spent volunteering in a remote highland town. In the October 2006 general election , Correa obtained second place (23%) behind banana tycoon Álvaro Noboa (27%). The situation led to a run-off election, in which Correa portrayed Noboa as an exploitative oligarch and Noboa portrayed Correa as

2156-474: A large majority of Ecuador's indigenous population in their own language also differentiated him from other candidates. He learned Quichua in his youth during a year he spent volunteering in a remote highland town. In the October 2006 general election , Correa obtained second place (23%) behind banana tycoon Álvaro Noboa (27%). The situation led to a run-off election, in which Correa portrayed Noboa as an exploitative oligarch and Noboa portrayed Correa as

2310-709: A lower middle-class mestizo family in Guayaquil , Correa studied economics at the Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil , the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) , and the University of Illinois , where he received his PhD. Returning to Ecuador, in 2005 he became the Minister for the Economy under President Alfredo Palacio , successfully lobbying Congress for increased spending on health and education projects. Correa won

2464-443: A lower middle-class mestizo family in Guayaquil , Correa studied economics at the Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil , the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) , and the University of Illinois , where he received his PhD. Returning to Ecuador, in 2005 he became the Minister for the Economy under President Alfredo Palacio , successfully lobbying Congress for increased spending on health and education projects. Correa won

2618-504: A new constitution in April 2007; the proposal passed with over 80% of the vote. Elections to establish a Constituent Assembly were held in 2007 and were won by Correa's government with over 60% of the vote. The new constitution also increased the powers of the presidency by increasing the number of presidential decrees permitted. Socialism will continue. The Ecuadorian people voted for that. We are going to emphasize this fight for social justice, for regional justice. We are going to continue

2772-504: A new constitution in April 2007; the proposal passed with over 80% of the vote. Elections to establish a Constituent Assembly were held in 2007 and were won by Correa's government with over 60% of the vote. The new constitution also increased the powers of the presidency by increasing the number of presidential decrees permitted. Socialism will continue. The Ecuadorian people voted for that. We are going to emphasize this fight for social justice, for regional justice. We are going to continue

2926-595: A political maverick and a staunch critic of economic liberalization . During his four months in charge of the portfolio, Correa was skeptical of signing a free trade agreement with the United States and declining advice from the International Monetary Fund , instead working to increase Ecuador's cooperation with other Latin American countries. Arguably his most notable decision within the Ministry of Finance

3080-419: A political maverick and a staunch critic of economic liberalization . During his four months in charge of the portfolio, Correa was skeptical of signing a free trade agreement with the United States and declining advice from the International Monetary Fund , instead working to increase Ecuador's cooperation with other Latin American countries. Arguably his most notable decision within the Ministry of Finance

3234-621: A popularity rating as high as 77% shortly after the 2017 Ecuadorian general election . His approval dropped to 69% by the start of 2018, before dropping to 46% by mid-2018, and further fell to under 27% by mid-2019; in May 2020, it fell to 16%. Moreno's sharp move to the right and its economic and political policies resulted in the 2019 Ecuadorian protests and mismanagement of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador , reaching only 5% of approval by early 2021. Moreno left office with an approval rating of 9% according to

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3388-447: A result of recession by the end of Correa's tenure due to reliance on oil, public expenditures, the 2016 Ecuador earthquake (more than 650 deaths and damage estimated at the equivalent of about 3% of GDP), and international pressure, resulting in government spending being slashed. Moreno maintained a majority approval rating throughout his term as vice president, his management was approved by 91% of Ecuadorians in May 2012, and enjoyed

3542-533: A runoff election included Democratic People's Movement , Democratic Left , Pachakutik , and the Partido Roldista Ecuatoriano . During his campaign, Correa traveled to Barinas, Venezuela to spend time at Hugo Chávez's family home, describing the Venezuelan President as a personal friend. On economic policy, Correa called for reform of the petroleum industry, including an increase in

3696-400: A runoff election included Democratic People's Movement , Democratic Left , Pachakutik , and the Partido Roldista Ecuatoriano . During his campaign, Correa traveled to Barinas, Venezuela to spend time at Hugo Chávez's family home, describing the Venezuelan President as a personal friend. On economic policy, Correa called for reform of the petroleum industry, including an increase in

3850-620: A scholarship to study at the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil (UCSG), a private higher education institution in Guayaquil, Ecuador, where he obtained an undergraduate degree in economics in 1987. When attending UCSG, he was elected President of the Association of Students of Economy, Audit and Administration (AEAA) and, later on, President of the Federation of Students (FEUC) of

4004-400: A scholarship to study at the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil (UCSG), a private higher education institution in Guayaquil, Ecuador, where he obtained an undergraduate degree in economics in 1987. When attending UCSG, he was elected President of the Association of Students of Economy, Audit and Administration (AEAA) and, later on, President of the Federation of Students (FEUC) of

4158-603: A second term in the 2009 Ecuadorian general election . It was the first time in thirty years that the country had re-elected a president. PAIS also won the largest legislative block in the National Assembly , although it was not a majority. In the 2009 legislative election for the Andean Parliament , Alliance PAIS obtained 3 of 5 parliamentarians. Correa was ratified as president of the movement in November 2010. Galo Mora

4312-419: A survey by the firm Cedatos, and had a higher approval rating among those who voted for Guillermo Lasso (20%) than those who voted for Moreno himself (5%), although he was disapproved of by both groups. In light of those developments and Correa founding the left-wing Citizen Revolution Movement , even as Moreno did not pursue re-election and left the party to become an independent politician , PAIS collapsed in

4466-535: A survey by the firm Cedatos, associated to Gallup . On 4 December 2021, the PAIS Alliance renamed itself to MOVER. The change was approved by the National Electoral Council in February 2022. The roots of the PAIS Alliance go back to 1999, when Ricardo Patiño , together with Alberto Acosta, Patricia Dávila, Ivonne Benítez, and other Ecuadorian politicians, urged the creation of Jubilee 2000 Net Guayaquil,

4620-637: A warrant for Correa's arrest after he failed to appear in court during a trial surrounding the kidnapping of his political opponent Fernando Balda . Correa, who lived in Belgium at the time, denied the allegations regarding the kidnapping. In July 2018 Interpol rejected an Ecuador-issued arrest warrant and called it "obviously a political matter." In April 2020 the Criminal Court of the National Court of Justice found Correa guilty of aggravated passive bribery in

4774-474: A warrant for Correa's arrest after he failed to appear in court during a trial surrounding the kidnapping of his political opponent Fernando Balda . Correa, who lived in Belgium at the time, denied the allegations regarding the kidnapping. In July 2018 Interpol rejected an Ecuador-issued arrest warrant and called it "obviously a political matter." In April 2020 the Criminal Court of the National Court of Justice found Correa guilty of aggravated passive bribery in

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4928-459: A whipping "), a pun on the fact that "Correa" can be translated as whip. Correa established a political vehicle, the PAIS Alliance ( Alianza PAIS — Patria Altiva y Soberana , "Proud and Sovereign Fatherland Alliance"), which united a disparate group of leftist organizations. However, in an unusual move he announced that the PAIS Alliance would not put forward any congressional candidates during

5082-404: A whipping "), a pun on the fact that "Correa" can be translated as whip. Correa established a political vehicle, the PAIS Alliance ( Alianza PAIS — Patria Altiva y Soberana , "Proud and Sovereign Fatherland Alliance"), which united a disparate group of leftist organizations. However, in an unusual move he announced that the PAIS Alliance would not put forward any congressional candidates during

5236-601: A working understanding of the Quechua language spoken by most of Ecuador's indigenous people. He then secured a scholarship to study economics further at UCLouvain in Belgium, where he met Anne Malherbe Gosselin , whom he married and has three children with. He later received a Master of Arts in Economics from UCLouvain in June 1991. Correa was able to afford a university education with

5390-403: A working understanding of the Quechua language spoken by most of Ecuador's indigenous people. He then secured a scholarship to study economics further at UCLouvain in Belgium, where he met Anne Malherbe Gosselin , whom he married and has three children with. He later received a Master of Arts in Economics from UCLouvain in June 1991. Correa was able to afford a university education with

5544-482: Is an Ecuadorian politician and economist who served as President of Ecuador from 2007 to 2017. The leader of the PAIS Alliance political movement from its foundation until 2017, Correa is a democratic socialist and his administration focused on the implementation of left-wing policies. Internationally, he served as president pro tempore of the UNASUR . Since 2017, he has been living in exile in Belgium . Born to

5698-434: Is an Ecuadorian politician and economist who served as President of Ecuador from 2007 to 2017. The leader of the PAIS Alliance political movement from its foundation until 2017, Correa is a democratic socialist and his administration focused on the implementation of left-wing policies. Internationally, he served as president pro tempore of the UNASUR . Since 2017, he has been living in exile in Belgium . Born to

5852-464: Is sought, where we seek the indescribable life of cultures." This was reflected in an ideological manifesto of Correa's PAIS Alliance and various development plans, which promoted as an alternative to capitalism Buen Viver (Good Living). He declared Ecuador's national debt illegitimate and announced that the country would default on over $ 3 billion worth of bonds; he pledged to fight creditors in international courts and succeeded in reducing

6006-464: Is sought, where we seek the indescribable life of cultures." This was reflected in an ideological manifesto of Correa's PAIS Alliance and various development plans, which promoted as an alternative to capitalism Buen Viver (Good Living). He declared Ecuador's national debt illegitimate and announced that the country would default on over $ 3 billion worth of bonds; he pledged to fight creditors in international courts and succeeded in reducing

6160-412: The 2008 Constitution of Ecuador . For the first time in the political history of Ecuador, an organized political party selected its candidates by means of primary elections. PAIS Alliance organized primary elections for 25 January 2009 in the whole country. The objective was that the members of the political movement would name the candidates for the elections of 26 April 2009. Correa was re-elected for

6314-560: The 2021 Ecuadorian general election , losing all of its seats. PAIS (Proud and Sovereign Homeland) Alliance was officially founded by Rafael Correa at the start of 2006 presidential campaign. Originally espousing democratic socialist views, the movement called for political sovereignty, regional integration, and economic relief for Ecuador's poor. During the campaign, Correa proposed a constituent assembly to rewrite Ecuador's constitution . PAIS Alliance did not run any congressional candidates, as Correa had stated that he would call for

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6468-561: The Caso Sobornos 2012-2016 . He was sentenced in absentia to 8 years in prison. Correa's father was Rafael Correa Icaza, born in the Province of Los Ríos, Ecuador, (23 March 1934 – 10 June 1995) while his mother is Norma Delgado Rendón (born 1 September 1939). He had three siblings; Fabricio Correa, Pierina Correa and Bernardita Correa. Having grown up in the coastal city of Guayaquil , he has described his family background as being that of

6622-455: The Caso Sobornos 2012-2016 . He was sentenced in absentia to 8 years in prison. Correa's father was Rafael Correa Icaza, born in the Province of Los Ríos, Ecuador, (23 March 1934 – 10 June 1995) while his mother is Norma Delgado Rendón (born 1 September 1939). He had three siblings; Fabricio Correa, Pierina Correa and Bernardita Correa. Having grown up in the coastal city of Guayaquil , he has described his family background as being that of

6776-528: The Ecuadorian Socialist Party , sharing humanist movements and social bases. The party has been led by Ana Belén Marín following the expulsion of Lenín Moreno from the party after the party's crushing defeat in the 2021 general elections. Other important leaders include former Ecuadorian president Rafael Correa , President of the National Assembly Fernando Cordero Cueva , the former Alcalde of Quito Augusto Barrera Guarderas ,

6930-571: The neoliberal policies of previous presidents, particularly former president Mahuad's adoption of the U.S. dollar as Ecuador's domestic currency in 2000 to combat the country's inflation. Correa has characterized American dollarisation as a "technical error" which has effectively eliminated Ecuador's ability to set its own currency and exchange policy. However, Correa has also acknowledged that it would be politically and economically impossible to abandon that policy now. After his election victory of 15 April 2007, he pledged to maintain dollarisation during

7084-571: The neoliberal policies of previous presidents, particularly former president Mahuad's adoption of the U.S. dollar as Ecuador's domestic currency in 2000 to combat the country's inflation. Correa has characterized American dollarisation as a "technical error" which has effectively eliminated Ecuador's ability to set its own currency and exchange policy. However, Correa has also acknowledged that it would be politically and economically impossible to abandon that policy now. After his election victory of 15 April 2007, he pledged to maintain dollarisation during

7238-489: The partidocracia ("partyarchy") and redistribute political power. The Alianza PAIS movement signed a political alliance with the Ecuadorian Socialist Party , which did present candidates for Congress. On 31 July 2006, Alianza PAIS also signed a Programmatic Political Agreement with the Communist Party of Ecuador when Correa was postulated for candidate for president. Other parties that joined Alianza PAIS coalition in

7392-432: The partidocracia ("partyarchy") and redistribute political power. The Alianza PAIS movement signed a political alliance with the Ecuadorian Socialist Party , which did present candidates for Congress. On 31 July 2006, Alianza PAIS also signed a Programmatic Political Agreement with the Communist Party of Ecuador when Correa was postulated for candidate for president. Other parties that joined Alianza PAIS coalition in

7546-563: The "Article IV" report will be submitted. In April 2007, Ecuador paid off its debt to the IMF. Correa said Ecuador wanted no further relationship with the fund. During his first year in office, Correa spoke of building an alternative to capitalist development, stating "we are building a conception of development that is different from that of the capitalist system, where we seek not to live better, to have competition, to have more every day, but to live well, to satisfy basic needs, where harmony with nature

7700-517: The "Article IV" report will be submitted. In April 2007, Ecuador paid off its debt to the IMF. Correa said Ecuador wanted no further relationship with the fund. During his first year in office, Correa spoke of building an alternative to capitalist development, stating "we are building a conception of development that is different from that of the capitalist system, where we seek not to live better, to have competition, to have more every day, but to live well, to satisfy basic needs, where harmony with nature

7854-416: The "lower middle class". When Correa was five, his father was arrested and imprisoned for three years after attempting to smuggle illegal narcotics into the United States. Publicly acknowledging this incident while president, Correa stated that "I do not condone what he did [but] drug smugglers are not criminals. They are single mothers or unemployed people who are desperate to feed their families". Correa

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8008-416: The "lower middle class". When Correa was five, his father was arrested and imprisoned for three years after attempting to smuggle illegal narcotics into the United States. Publicly acknowledging this incident while president, Correa stated that "I do not condone what he did [but] drug smugglers are not criminals. They are single mothers or unemployed people who are desperate to feed their families". Correa

8162-460: The "sophistry of Free Trade ", in an introduction he wrote for a book titled The Hidden Face of Free Trade Agreements. One of the authors of that book is his ex-Minister and congressman Alberto Acosta. Citing as his source the book, Kicking Away the Ladder , written by Korean economist based at Cambridge University and Center for Economic and Policy Research analyst Ha-Joon Chang , Correa identified

8316-411: The "sophistry of Free Trade ", in an introduction he wrote for a book titled The Hidden Face of Free Trade Agreements. One of the authors of that book is his ex-Minister and congressman Alberto Acosta. Citing as his source the book, Kicking Away the Ladder , written by Korean economist based at Cambridge University and Center for Economic and Policy Research analyst Ha-Joon Chang , Correa identified

8470-454: The 21st century , which was followed by like-minded parties in Bolivia and Venezuela, which became known as Correism . The party had majority governments throughout the period in power and also had a supermajority from 2013 to 2017. During this period, Correa's administration increased government spending, reducing poverty, raised the minimum wage, and increased the standard of living in Ecuador. At

8624-857: The Assemblyman Fernando Bustamante, Aminta Buenaño , the ex-Secretary of Planning Fander Falconí , and the Chancellor of the Republic Ricardo Patiño. As of 2011, the 22 vocales, or speakers, of the National Directive are Ricardo Patiño, Doris Soliz , Augusto Barrera, Irina Cabezas , Fernando Cordero, Nancy Morocho, Fander Falconí, María Luisa Moreno , Roberto Cuero, Ximena Ponce, Juan Carlos, Roxana Alvarado, Miguel Carvajal, Dora Aguirre , Jorge Loor, Gabriela Rivadeneira , Diego Borja, Patricia Sarzoza, Gustavo Baroja, Andrea Gonzaga , Leonardo Vicuña, and Olguita Mejía. Members of

8778-650: The Colombian ambassador from Quito. Correa withdrew his government's ambassador in Bogotá , Colombia, and ordered troops to the country's border following the 2008 Andean diplomatic crisis in early March 2008. On 3 March 2008, Colombia's police said that documents found in a camp in Ecuador where Colombian troops killed Raul Reyes , a top guerrilla boss, showed ties between the FARC rebels and Correa, including contacts about political proposals and local military commanders. Correa denied

8932-504: The Colombian ambassador from Quito. Correa withdrew his government's ambassador in Bogotá , Colombia, and ordered troops to the country's border following the 2008 Andean diplomatic crisis in early March 2008. On 3 March 2008, Colombia's police said that documents found in a camp in Ecuador where Colombian troops killed Raul Reyes , a top guerrilla boss, showed ties between the FARC rebels and Correa, including contacts about political proposals and local military commanders. Correa denied

9086-692: The Commission of Ethics include Karla Chávez, Carlos Marx, and Galo Borja. Members of the Electoral Commission include Mayerli Vásquez, Paúl Granda, and Xavier Ponce. PAIS Alliance publishes the newspaper El Ciudadano . The young wing of the party is called the Juventudes Alianza País. Under Correa, PAIS was more left-leaning and followed a form of anti-imperialism , Bolivarianism , democratic socialism , left-wing populism , left-wing nationalism , and progressivism , as part of socialism of

9240-702: The Congress to regain quorum , and on 23 and 24 March a further 20 deputies were sworn in. The new majority (formed by 28 alternate deputies and 31 deputies from parties that support the referendum and Assembly) pledged to support the referendum on the Constitutional Assembly. On 23 April, the Constitutional Court decided to try to reinstate 51 of the 57 Congressmen who had been fired by the Electoral Tribunal. The Constitutional Court claimed that it

9394-462: The Congress to regain quorum , and on 23 and 24 March a further 20 deputies were sworn in. The new majority (formed by 28 alternate deputies and 31 deputies from parties that support the referendum and Assembly) pledged to support the referendum on the Constitutional Assembly. On 23 April, the Constitutional Court decided to try to reinstate 51 of the 57 Congressmen who had been fired by the Electoral Tribunal. The Constitutional Court claimed that it

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9548-401: The Ecuadorian system, to avoid a runoff a candidate needs to either win 50 percent of the first-round vote, or take 40 percent of the vote and be at least 10 percent ahead of the runner-up ( Guillermo Lasso had obtained 28.09%; had Moreno gained 40 percent, he would have won on the 40–10 rule). He defeated Lasso in the 2 April 2017 second runoff with 51.16% of the vote. Within months of winning

9702-528: The National Assembly (80 of 130 Assembly Members). The Constituent Assembly was originally led by PAIS Alliance member Alberto Acosta, who was soon replaced by another PAIS member, Fernando Cordero . A constitutional referendum was held on 28 September 2008 to vote on the Ecuadorian constitution drafted by the 2007 Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly . Partial results show that 64% of voters voted to approve

9856-596: The Yasuni Nature Reserve to Chinese oil companies. The indigenous people inhabiting the land protested the deal. They claim that the oil projects would threaten their traditional way of life and devastate the area's environment. Ecuador's Shuar people's women's leader, Narcisa Mashienta, said that the government lied when claiming that the people would have given their consent. Correism Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado ( Spanish pronunciation: [rafaˈel βiˈsente koˈre.a ðelˈɣaðo] ; born 6 April 1963)

10010-399: The accusations, calling them lies. Correa also said that a deal to release political prisoners – including former Colombian Sen. Ingrid Betancourt – was nearly complete before the 1 March 2008 Colombian raid into his country. On 5 March 2008, Correa and Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez met to discuss Colombia's attack and made a series of accusations against Colombia's government. During

10164-399: The accusations, calling them lies. Correa also said that a deal to release political prisoners – including former Colombian Sen. Ingrid Betancourt – was nearly complete before the 1 March 2008 Colombian raid into his country. On 5 March 2008, Correa and Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez met to discuss Colombia's attack and made a series of accusations against Colombia's government. During

10318-513: The aid of funding grants. He continued his studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , where he earned a Master of Science in economics in May 1999, and a PhD in economics in October 2001. Returning to Ecuador, Correa secured a position at the University of San Francisco in Quito , where he taught economics. At the same time, he worked as an economic adviser to state and international agencies. During this period, Ecuador experienced

10472-466: The aid of funding grants. He continued his studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , where he earned a Master of Science in economics in May 1999, and a PhD in economics in October 2001. Returning to Ecuador, Correa secured a position at the University of San Francisco in Quito , where he taught economics. At the same time, he worked as an economic adviser to state and international agencies. During this period, Ecuador experienced

10626-414: The attack had left a total of more than 20 people dead in Ecuadorian territory, many of whom were found to be wearing underwear or sleeping clothes. The government of Ecuador concluded that the attack was a "massacre" and not the result of combat or "hot pursuit". Ecuadorian president Rafael Correa had reason to believe that the Colombian warplanes had penetrated 10 km into Ecuador's territory and struck

10780-414: The attack had left a total of more than 20 people dead in Ecuadorian territory, many of whom were found to be wearing underwear or sleeping clothes. The government of Ecuador concluded that the attack was a "massacre" and not the result of combat or "hot pursuit". Ecuadorian president Rafael Correa had reason to believe that the Colombian warplanes had penetrated 10 km into Ecuador's territory and struck

10934-477: The bonds at a cost of 35 cents on the dollar. In May 2008, the Ecuadorian government renegotiated radio spectrum franchises for mobile phone operators Porta and Movistar for a total price of 700 million dollars, far more than that recommended by studies conducted under previous governments, which had proposed granting the same franchises for only 70 million dollars. During Rafael Correa's tenure as president, he took some radical alternative steps to change

11088-477: The bonds at a cost of 35 cents on the dollar. In May 2008, the Ecuadorian government renegotiated radio spectrum franchises for mobile phone operators Porta and Movistar for a total price of 700 million dollars, far more than that recommended by studies conducted under previous governments, which had proposed granting the same franchises for only 70 million dollars. During Rafael Correa's tenure as president, he took some radical alternative steps to change

11242-400: The ceremony he wore a shirt decorated with motifs from the prehistoric Jama Coaque culture. During his first months in office, Correa's government doubled the monthly poverty assistance payments to $ 30, doubled the credits for housing loans and reduced the electricity rates for individuals on low incomes. Correa ordered a plebiscite on the issue of whether or not Ecuador should establish

11396-400: The ceremony he wore a shirt decorated with motifs from the prehistoric Jama Coaque culture. During his first months in office, Correa's government doubled the monthly poverty assistance payments to $ 30, doubled the credits for housing loans and reduced the electricity rates for individuals on low incomes. Correa ordered a plebiscite on the issue of whether or not Ecuador should establish

11550-400: The circumstances surrounding her presence there. Regarding the attack on the camp, she has stated: "I was asleep when we received a first aerial attack. Two or three hours later we were attacked again". Ecuador said that it was cooperating with Mexico to investigate whether any Mexicans had been killed during the raid. According to the director of the Ecuadorian military hospital which treated

11704-400: The circumstances surrounding her presence there. Regarding the attack on the camp, she has stated: "I was asleep when we received a first aerial attack. Two or three hours later we were attacked again". Ecuador said that it was cooperating with Mexico to investigate whether any Mexicans had been killed during the raid. According to the director of the Ecuadorian military hospital which treated

11858-404: The convening of a constituent assembly was approved by Congress. The referendum took place on 15 April 2007. However, after this date was set, the "statutes" for the referendum were modified by Correa to allow more powers to the constituent assembly . One of these powers was the ability to dismiss Congress, a power which Congress never approved. The newer version of the referendum was approved by

12012-404: The convening of a constituent assembly was approved by Congress. The referendum took place on 15 April 2007. However, after this date was set, the "statutes" for the referendum were modified by Correa to allow more powers to the constituent assembly . One of these powers was the ability to dismiss Congress, a power which Congress never approved. The newer version of the referendum was approved by

12166-844: The country. Of every five barrels of oil that the multinationals produce, they leave only one for the state and take four... That is absolutely unacceptable. We're going to revise and renegotiate the contracts. Correa also proposed strategies for reducing the burden of Ecuador's foreign debt service through compulsory debt restructuring . He indicated that his top priority would be spending on social programs rather than servicing Ecuador's debt. On foreign policy, Correa stressed Ecuador's aversion to becoming involved in Colombia's domestic conflict. In October 2006, Correa added that he would "pursue and capture" FARC members if they entered Ecuador. He also condemned their kidnappings, violations of human rights and bombings. In addition to his platform on economic and social policy, Correa's ability to communicate with

12320-844: The country. Of every five barrels of oil that the multinationals produce, they leave only one for the state and take four... That is absolutely unacceptable. We're going to revise and renegotiate the contracts. Correa also proposed strategies for reducing the burden of Ecuador's foreign debt service through compulsory debt restructuring . He indicated that his top priority would be spending on social programs rather than servicing Ecuador's debt. On foreign policy, Correa stressed Ecuador's aversion to becoming involved in Colombia's domestic conflict. In October 2006, Correa added that he would "pursue and capture" FARC members if they entered Ecuador. He also condemned their kidnappings, violations of human rights and bombings. In addition to his platform on economic and social policy, Correa's ability to communicate with

12474-407: The country. The most significant proposal approved by Ecuadorians in the referendum was the re-establishment of term limits for the presidency, effectively blocking Correa's future electoral bids. At the time, Moreno enjoyed an approval rating near 80 percent according to polls. Under Correa, the Ecuadorian government had begun to overspend and increase borrowing, with the country's debt tripling in

12628-420: The course of Ecuador's relations with the rest of the world. Amongst these were economic moves to correct Ecuador's debt imbalance, distancing from the United States, a rift with its northern neighbor Colombia, and a strengthening of ties with ALBA (including Venezuela and Bolivia), as well as Iran. Correa adopted a confrontational approach to the governments of both the United States and neighboring Colombia. At

12782-420: The course of Ecuador's relations with the rest of the world. Amongst these were economic moves to correct Ecuador's debt imbalance, distancing from the United States, a rift with its northern neighbor Colombia, and a strengthening of ties with ALBA (including Venezuela and Bolivia), as well as Iran. Correa adopted a confrontational approach to the governments of both the United States and neighboring Colombia. At

12936-621: The difference between an "American system" opposed to "a British System" of free trade. The latter, he says, was explicitly viewed by the Americans as "part of the British imperialist system". Correa wrote that Chang showed that it was Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton , and not Friedrich List who was the first to present a systematic argument defending industrial protectionism. (Correa includes List's National System of Political Economy in his bibliographic references.) Correa decided to campaign for

13090-519: The difference between an "American system" opposed to "a British System" of free trade. The latter, he says, was explicitly viewed by the Americans as "part of the British imperialist system". Correa wrote that Chang showed that it was Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton , and not Friedrich List who was the first to present a systematic argument defending industrial protectionism. (Correa includes List's National System of Political Economy in his bibliographic references.) Correa decided to campaign for

13244-591: The election, Moreno moved away from his election platform, igniting a feud with ex-president Rafael Correa. Moreno distanced himself from populist policies championed by Correa and the Venezuelan government, arguing that Ecuador needed to be independent from ALBA . Moreno continued to identify himself as social democrat throughout this process. In February 2018, Moreno led the 2018 Ecuadorian referendum and popular consultation , which proposed more strict corruption laws and more regulations to protect natural areas within

13398-416: The election, thus reflecting his opposition to the established political system. During the campaign, Correa stated that if elected he would use an executive decree to introduce a national referendum on the establishment of a constituent assembly which had the potential to rewrite Ecuador's constitution. He presented this as a process necessary to overthrow the established political elites, whom he termed

13552-416: The election, thus reflecting his opposition to the established political system. During the campaign, Correa stated that if elected he would use an executive decree to introduce a national referendum on the establishment of a constituent assembly which had the potential to rewrite Ecuador's constitution. He presented this as a process necessary to overthrow the established political elites, whom he termed

13706-531: The electoral tribunal (which approved his version of the referendum) while stating that the removal of the 57 congressmen was constitutional. The situation escalated to a feud between the opposition in Congress and the Executive and marches in the street against Congress and police intervention to prevent the Congressmen from entering the legislative building. On 22 March 21 alternate deputies were sworn in, allowing

13860-425: The electoral tribunal (which approved his version of the referendum) while stating that the removal of the 57 congressmen was constitutional. The situation escalated to a feud between the opposition in Congress and the Executive and marches in the street against Congress and police intervention to prevent the Congressmen from entering the legislative building. On 22 March 21 alternate deputies were sworn in, allowing

14014-502: The entire four years of his administration, though he also indicated his support for the idea of replacing the US dollar with a regional South American currency at some point in the future. On 16 April 2009, Finance Minister María Elsa Viteri embarked on a trip to Europe in a mission to present Ecuador's offer to buy back global bonds 2012 and 2030 at 30% of their current value. In May 2009, Ecuador announced that it had successfully bought 91% of

14168-457: The entire four years of his administration, though he also indicated his support for the idea of replacing the US dollar with a regional South American currency at some point in the future. On 16 April 2009, Finance Minister María Elsa Viteri embarked on a trip to Europe in a mission to present Ecuador's offer to buy back global bonds 2012 and 2030 at 30% of their current value. In May 2009, Ecuador announced that it had successfully bought 91% of

14322-430: The established political parties and corrupt elites, and depicted himself as the leader of a second independence movement devoted to freeing Ecuador from American imperialism . Touring the country aboard a motorized caravan attending political rallies, he emphasized this opposition using campaign songs such as Twisted Sister 's " We're Not Gonna Take It ", as well as through the slogan "Se viene el correazo" (" Here comes

14476-430: The established political parties and corrupt elites, and depicted himself as the leader of a second independence movement devoted to freeing Ecuador from American imperialism . Touring the country aboard a motorized caravan attending political rallies, he emphasized this opposition using campaign songs such as Twisted Sister 's " We're Not Gonna Take It ", as well as through the slogan "Se viene el correazo" (" Here comes

14630-423: The extraordinarily large number of candidates and lists (26 national lists, 428 provincial lists, 44 emigrant lists) the 2007 Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly election was the most complex in Ecuador's history. As a result, in the national election , President Correa won backing for his plans to rewrite Ecuador's constitution and expand state control of the nation's economy. Correa's faction won approximately 61% of

14784-423: The extraordinarily large number of candidates and lists (26 national lists, 428 provincial lists, 44 emigrant lists) the 2007 Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly election was the most complex in Ecuador's history. As a result, in the national election , President Correa won backing for his plans to rewrite Ecuador's constitution and expand state control of the nation's economy. Correa's faction won approximately 61% of

14938-493: The fight to eliminate all forms of workplace exploitation within our socialist conviction: the supremacy of human work over capital. Nobody is in any doubt that our preferential option is for the poorest people, we are here because of them. Hasta la victoria siempre! (Until victory, for ever!) Correa adopted a confrontational approach to both the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank . Correa's administration stated that

15092-441: The fight to eliminate all forms of workplace exploitation within our socialist conviction: the supremacy of human work over capital. Nobody is in any doubt that our preferential option is for the poorest people, we are here because of them. Hasta la victoria siempre! (Until victory, for ever!) Correa adopted a confrontational approach to both the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank . Correa's administration stated that

15246-676: The first election round and went into a runoff with Luisa González . On 15 October 2023, Noboa obtained 52.3% of the votes in the runoff, meaning he got elected as Ecuador’s next president. PAIS occupies the slot of party number 35 on the Ecuadorian ballot. The colours of PAIS are bitter lemon and midnight blue . The slogan for the 2007 elections Dale Patria translates to "Go Homeland" in English. In 2016, it had an approximate membership of 979,691 people. Rafael Correa Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado ( Spanish pronunciation: [rafaˈel βiˈsente koˈre.a ðelˈɣaðo] ; born 6 April 1963)

15400-472: The guerrilla camp while flying north, followed by troops in helicopters who had completed the killings. He claimed that some of the bodies had been found to be shot from behind. The Ecuadorian authorities found three wounded women in the camp, including a Mexican student who was identified as Lucía Andrea Morett Álvarez . Lucía Morett claimed that she was visiting the guerrilla group as part of an academic investigation, refusing to answer other questions about

15554-472: The guerrilla camp while flying north, followed by troops in helicopters who had completed the killings. He claimed that some of the bodies had been found to be shot from behind. The Ecuadorian authorities found three wounded women in the camp, including a Mexican student who was identified as Lucía Andrea Morett Álvarez . Lucía Morett claimed that she was visiting the guerrilla group as part of an academic investigation, refusing to answer other questions about

15708-436: The guerrillas responded militarily to this initial bombardment from a position in the vicinity of Santa Rosa de Yanamaru , on the Ecuadorian side of the border, killing a Colombian soldier, Carlos Hernández. A second bombardment was then carried out, resulting in the deaths of Raúl Reyes and at least 20 more FARC members. Two bodies, several documents and three laptops found in the guerrilla camp were returned to Colombia. This

15862-436: The guerrillas responded militarily to this initial bombardment from a position in the vicinity of Santa Rosa de Yanamaru , on the Ecuadorian side of the border, killing a Colombian soldier, Carlos Hernández. A second bombardment was then carried out, resulting in the deaths of Raúl Reyes and at least 20 more FARC members. Two bodies, several documents and three laptops found in the guerrilla camp were returned to Colombia. This

16016-463: The majority of the seven-seat Electoral Tribunal . In early March, Congress, which was controlled by Correa's opposition, reacted by trying to impeach the President of the electoral tribunal. The electoral tribunal then removed from office the 57 members of Congress who tried to impeach the President of the Electoral Tribunal, on the grounds of attempting to intervene an electoral process. Correa backed

16170-411: The majority of the seven-seat Electoral Tribunal . In early March, Congress, which was controlled by Correa's opposition, reacted by trying to impeach the President of the electoral tribunal. The electoral tribunal then removed from office the 57 members of Congress who tried to impeach the President of the Electoral Tribunal, on the grounds of attempting to intervene an electoral process. Correa backed

16324-584: The market swings. Correa referred to the allegations as a conspiracy from a powerful banker. On 26 July 2007, Rafael Correa replaced finance minister Patiño, due to Patiño's appearance in a video recording, apparently discussing the market manipulation. Patiño then assumed a newly created position responsible for the Pacific coast region and later assumed the Political Affairs Ministry. In a radio address on 13 December, Correa said that he wanted to force

16478-465: The market swings. Correa referred to the allegations as a conspiracy from a powerful banker. On 26 July 2007, Rafael Correa replaced finance minister Patiño, due to Patiño's appearance in a video recording, apparently discussing the market manipulation. Patiño then assumed a newly created position responsible for the Pacific coast region and later assumed the Political Affairs Ministry. In a radio address on 13 December, Correa said that he wanted to force

16632-399: The meeting, Correa dismissed Colombia's president Álvaro Uribe as just a "puppet" while others are the "puppet masters". On 18 May 2011, Colombia's Supreme Court ruled documents found on computers of slain FARC commander "Raul Reyes" are inadmissible as evidence in court as the material is illegally obtained and provides no evidence. In February 2007, Correa's plan to have a referendum on

16786-399: The meeting, Correa dismissed Colombia's president Álvaro Uribe as just a "puppet" while others are the "puppet masters". On 18 May 2011, Colombia's Supreme Court ruled documents found on computers of slain FARC commander "Raul Reyes" are inadmissible as evidence in court as the material is illegally obtained and provides no evidence. In February 2007, Correa's plan to have a referendum on

16940-685: The midst of a debt crisis that had devastated the country. His inauguration was attended by most regional leaders, as well as the Iranian president and the Spanish Crown Prince . Declaring that "Ecuador had voted for itself", Correa proclaimed that his election meant an end to neoliberalism in the country. Invoking the name of African-American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. , Correa also spoke out against racial discrimination against indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorians in his speech. During

17094-517: The midst of a debt crisis that had devastated the country. His inauguration was attended by most regional leaders, as well as the Iranian president and the Spanish Crown Prince . Declaring that "Ecuador had voted for itself", Correa proclaimed that his election meant an end to neoliberalism in the country. Invoking the name of African-American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. , Correa also spoke out against racial discrimination against indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorians in his speech. During

17248-628: The national educational system. The improvement programs were funded by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). On 20 April 2005, Correa was appointed to the position of Minister of Economy and Finance in the government of President Alfredo Palacio , having previously advised Palacio before his ascension to the presidency. As finance minister, Correa met with a number of Latin American presidents, including Brazil's Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , Argentina's Nestor Kirchner , and Venezuela's Hugo Chávez . He established himself as both

17402-554: The national educational system. The improvement programs were funded by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). On 20 April 2005, Correa was appointed to the position of Minister of Economy and Finance in the government of President Alfredo Palacio , having previously advised Palacio before his ascension to the presidency. As finance minister, Correa met with a number of Latin American presidents, including Brazil's Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , Argentina's Nestor Kirchner , and Venezuela's Hugo Chávez . He established himself as both

17556-471: The new government would not sign an agreement which allowed the International Monetary Fund to monitor its economic plan. In February 2007, Correa's economy minister Ricardo Patiño stated: "I have no intention … of accepting what some governments in the past have accepted: that (the IMF) tell us what to do on economic policy ... That seems unacceptable to us". However, as a member of the IMF, the annual report known as

17710-425: The new government would not sign an agreement which allowed the International Monetary Fund to monitor its economic plan. In February 2007, Correa's economy minister Ricardo Patiño stated: "I have no intention … of accepting what some governments in the past have accepted: that (the IMF) tell us what to do on economic policy ... That seems unacceptable to us". However, as a member of the IMF, the annual report known as

17864-408: The party lost all of its seats in the National Assembly. On 4 March 2021, Moreno was expelled from PAIS Alliance. For 2023 Ecuadorian general election , in which both the presidency and all seats in the National Assembly were contested, MOVER ran as a member of a broader alliance, National Democratic Action . The presidential candidate from the alliance was Daniel Noboa . He took the second place in

18018-472: The percentage of petroleum revenues spent on social programs for the Ecuadorian poor, following the reforms of the Hydrocarbons Law promoted by former Economy and Finance Minister Diego Borja . He accused foreign petroleum companies operating in Ecuador of failing to meet existing environmental and investment regulations. In an interview, Correa stated: Many of the oil contracts are a true entrapment for

18172-413: The percentage of petroleum revenues spent on social programs for the Ecuadorian poor, following the reforms of the Hydrocarbons Law promoted by former Economy and Finance Minister Diego Borja . He accused foreign petroleum companies operating in Ecuador of failing to meet existing environmental and investment regulations. In an interview, Correa stated: Many of the oil contracts are a true entrapment for

18326-474: The presidency in the 2006 general election on a platform criticizing the established political elites. Taking office in January 2007, he sought to move away from Ecuador's neoliberal economic model by reducing the influence of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund . He oversaw the introduction of a new constitution, being reelected in 2009 and again in the 2013 general election . Correa's presidency

18480-424: The presidency in the 2006 general election on a platform criticizing the established political elites. Taking office in January 2007, he sought to move away from Ecuador's neoliberal economic model by reducing the influence of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund . He oversaw the introduction of a new constitution, being reelected in 2009 and again in the 2013 general election . Correa's presidency

18634-413: The presidency in the 2006 presidential election, although at the time he was a largely unknown figure among the Ecuadorean public. Employing Vinicio Alvarado as his campaign manager, Correa's campaign emphasised his personality as a macho family man of modest origins who was angry with the country's political elites. During his campaign, he described himself as the head of "a citizen's revolution" against

18788-413: The presidency in the 2006 presidential election, although at the time he was a largely unknown figure among the Ecuadorean public. Employing Vinicio Alvarado as his campaign manager, Correa's campaign emphasised his personality as a macho family man of modest origins who was angry with the country's political elites. During his campaign, he described himself as the head of "a citizen's revolution" against

18942-522: The price of outstanding bonds by more than 60%. In May 2007, evidence surfaced that some of the Ecuadorian government rhetoric might have been part of an alleged market manipulation to benefit Ecuador from movements in the price of financial instruments linked to Ecuadorian bonds. A fall in Ecuador bond prices, ignited by aggressive default rhetoric, would trigger a buyback by Ecuador, financed by Venezuelan banks. This strategy collapsed due to operations by Venezuelan financial institutions who profited from

19096-522: The price of outstanding bonds by more than 60%. In May 2007, evidence surfaced that some of the Ecuadorian government rhetoric might have been part of an alleged market manipulation to benefit Ecuador from movements in the price of financial instruments linked to Ecuadorian bonds. A fall in Ecuador bond prices, ignited by aggressive default rhetoric, would trigger a buyback by Ecuador, financed by Venezuelan banks. This strategy collapsed due to operations by Venezuelan financial institutions who profited from

19250-708: The restart of the hunt of whales; established a prohibition on the extraction of prized types of wood; and announced that for an annual compensation of 350 million dollars from the international community it would give up the exploitation of an oil field of around 1 billion barrels, one of their biggest reserves of petroleum located in a reservation of the Yasuní National Park biosphere in the Amazon Basin. The proposal hoped to collect contributions starting from 2010. In 2013 Ecuador announced that it would auction more than three million hectares of Amazonian rainforest in

19404-590: The restart of the hunt of whales; established a prohibition on the extraction of prized types of wood; and announced that for an annual compensation of 350 million dollars from the international community it would give up the exploitation of an oil field of around 1 billion barrels, one of their biggest reserves of petroleum located in a reservation of the Yasuní National Park biosphere in the Amazon Basin. The proposal hoped to collect contributions starting from 2010. In 2013 Ecuador announced that it would auction more than three million hectares of Amazonian rainforest in

19558-728: The same education center, a position which in 1986 allowed him to preside over the Private Universities Students Federation of Ecuador (FEUPE in Spanish). Following the conclusion of his studies at UCSG, Correa worked for a year in a mission at a kindergarten run by the Salesian order in Zumbahua , Cotopaxi Province, where he taught Catholicism and mathematics. It was here that he furthered his faith in Catholicism, and developed

19712-441: The same education center, a position which in 1986 allowed him to preside over the Private Universities Students Federation of Ecuador (FEUPE in Spanish). Following the conclusion of his studies at UCSG, Correa worked for a year in a mission at a kindergarten run by the Salesian order in Zumbahua , Cotopaxi Province, where he taught Catholicism and mathematics. It was here that he furthered his faith in Catholicism, and developed

19866-494: The same time, income and wealth inequalities, as measured by the Gini coefficient , decreased. When Correa's third term came to an end, he was followed by his vice-president Lenín Moreno , who moved the party closer to the centre towards Third Way social democracy, which both left-wing critics and some observers deemed as unpicking left-wing legacy and renouncing socialism , while capitulating to neoliberalism . In part, this came as

20020-618: The seats in the National Assembly (80 of 130 Assembly Members). The Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly first convened on 29 November 2007 in Montecristi and was given six months to write a new constitution, with a possible two-month extension. When Ecuador began the process of writing a new constitution, they received help from the Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund to draft environmental laws giving nature and ecosystems rights. A constitutional referendum

20174-479: The seats in the National Assembly (80 of 130 Assembly Members). The Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly first convened on 29 November 2007 in Montecristi and was given six months to write a new constitution, with a possible two-month extension. When Ecuador began the process of writing a new constitution, they received help from the Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund to draft environmental laws giving nature and ecosystems rights. A constitutional referendum

20328-428: The three women, they had received some sort of medical attention from both the attacking Colombian forces and the Ecuadorian soldiers who later found them. President Uribe of Colombia spoke by telephone with his Ecuadorian counterpart, Rafael Correa, early on the morning of the raid, to inform him of the incident. In a press conference that evening, Correa denounced the attack as "aggression" against Ecuador, calling it

20482-428: The three women, they had received some sort of medical attention from both the attacking Colombian forces and the Ecuadorian soldiers who later found them. President Uribe of Colombia spoke by telephone with his Ecuadorian counterpart, Rafael Correa, early on the morning of the raid, to inform him of the incident. In a press conference that evening, Correa denounced the attack as "aggression" against Ecuador, calling it

20636-498: The time of his election, Ecuador contained Manta Air Base , the only U.S. military base in South America. Correa refused to renew the base's lease when it expired in 2009 and the constitution was changed to ban foreign military bases being established in Ecuador. On 1 March 2008 at 00:25 local time (05:25 UTC ), Colombia launched a military operation, 1.8 kilometers (1.1 mi) into Ecuador. According to Colombian authorities,

20790-442: The time of his election, Ecuador contained Manta Air Base , the only U.S. military base in South America. Correa refused to renew the base's lease when it expired in 2009 and the constitution was changed to ban foreign military bases being established in Ecuador. On 1 March 2008 at 00:25 local time (05:25 UTC ), Colombia launched a military operation, 1.8 kilometers (1.1 mi) into Ecuador. According to Colombian authorities,

20944-411: The vote. He took office on 15 January 2007. On 15 April 2007, Ecuadoreans voted overwhelmingly (81.72% in favor) to support the election of a constituent assembly. In the 2007 Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly election , President Correa won backing for his plans to rewrite Ecuador's constitution and expand state control of the nation's economy. Correa's faction also won approximately 61% of the seats in

21098-400: Was 1.5% (as compared to 0.6% over the previous two decades). At the same time, economic inequality , as measured by the Gini coefficient , decreased from 0.55 to 0.47. By the end of Correa's tenure, the 50% drop in the price of oil since 2014 had caused Ecuador's economy to enter a recession , resulting in government spending being slashed. On 3 July 2018, a judge in Ecuador ordered

21252-400: Was 1.5% (as compared to 0.6% over the previous two decades). At the same time, economic inequality , as measured by the Gini coefficient , decreased from 0.55 to 0.47. By the end of Correa's tenure, the 50% drop in the price of oil since 2014 had caused Ecuador's economy to enter a recession , resulting in government spending being slashed. On 3 July 2018, a judge in Ecuador ordered

21406-558: Was 18 when he was told about his father's actions. While living in Guayaquil , Correa was highly involved in the Boy Scout program. When he was 17, despite his family facing financial hardship, a family friend paid for him to be educated at an elite local school, where he excelled. During his secondary studies he was president of the Lasallian Student Cultural Association ("ACEL" in Spanish). Correa then obtained

21560-426: Was 18 when he was told about his father's actions. While living in Guayaquil , Correa was highly involved in the Boy Scout program. When he was 17, despite his family facing financial hardship, a family friend paid for him to be educated at an elite local school, where he excelled. During his secondary studies he was president of the Lasallian Student Cultural Association ("ACEL" in Spanish). Correa then obtained

21714-457: Was buying half of the new bond issue. Correa claimed in his resignation letter that the sale was done with full presidential authorization, but cited lack of support from the president as a factor in his decision to resign. When Correa resigned as minister, polls showed he had the highest credibility of any official in the administration at the time, with 57% of Ecuadorians saying that they trusted him. Prior to becoming President, Correa denounced

21868-457: Was buying half of the new bond issue. Correa claimed in his resignation letter that the sale was done with full presidential authorization, but cited lack of support from the president as a factor in his decision to resign. When Correa resigned as minister, polls showed he had the highest credibility of any official in the administration at the time, with 57% of Ecuadorians saying that they trusted him. Prior to becoming President, Correa denounced

22022-486: Was designated as the first secretary-general. On 1 October 2016, former Vice President of Ecuador Lenín Moreno was nominated as a candidate for the 2017 Ecuadorian presidential election at the conference of País Alliance. The statement was made by President Correa. In the 19 February 2017 election, Moreno won the elections with 39.3% of the vote; however, he was short by less than one percentage point of outright victory, as Ecuador requires in its two-round system . In

22176-438: Was followed by his vice-president Lenín Moreno , who moved the party closer to the centre and enjoyed a popularity rating as high as 77% shortly after the 2017 Ecuadorian general election . Moreno's sharp move to the right and its economic and political policies resulted in the 2019 Ecuadorian protests and mismanagement of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador . Further, Moreno left office with an approval rating of 9% according to

22330-630: Was held in Ecuador on 28 September 2008 to ratify or reject the constitution drafted by the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly elected in 2007 . Partial results show that 64% of voters voted to approve the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador . The President affirmed that his was a "green" Government for its defense of the environment." In line with this, he had decided to return to the International Whaling Commission to impede

22484-433: Was held in Ecuador on 28 September 2008 to ratify or reject the constitution drafted by the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly elected in 2007 . Partial results show that 64% of voters voted to approve the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador . The President affirmed that his was a "green" Government for its defense of the environment." In line with this, he had decided to return to the International Whaling Commission to impede

22638-496: Was illegal to remove them in the first place and approved a petition by the 51 requesting their reinstatement. But before the congressmen had the chance to reenter Congress, Congress voted to fire all nine judges of the Constitutional Court for their "unconstitutional actions". On 15 April 2007, Ecuadorians voted overwhelmingly (81.72% in favor) to support the election of a constituent assembly. On 30 September 2007, due to

22792-433: Was illegal to remove them in the first place and approved a petition by the 51 requesting their reinstatement. But before the congressmen had the chance to reenter Congress, Congress voted to fire all nine judges of the Constitutional Court for their "unconstitutional actions". On 15 April 2007, Ecuadorians voted overwhelmingly (81.72% in favor) to support the election of a constituent assembly. On 30 September 2007, due to

22946-673: Was part of the Latin American pink tide , a turn toward leftist governments in the region, allying himself with Hugo Chávez 's Venezuela and bringing Ecuador into the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas in June 2009. Using its own form of 21st century socialism , Correa's administration increased government spending, reducing poverty, raising the minimum wage and increasing Ecuador's standard of living. From 2006 to 2016, poverty decreased from 36.7% to 22.5% and annual per capita GDP growth

23100-504: Was part of the Latin American pink tide , a turn toward leftist governments in the region, allying himself with Hugo Chávez 's Venezuela and bringing Ecuador into the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas in June 2009. Using its own form of 21st century socialism , Correa's administration increased government spending, reducing poverty, raising the minimum wage and increasing Ecuador's standard of living. From 2006 to 2016, poverty decreased from 36.7% to 22.5% and annual per capita GDP growth

23254-465: Was the first time the Colombian military had killed a member of FARC's leadership council in combat. After this operation, Colombia increased its security measures nationwide, fearing FARC retaliation. According to the Ecuadorian government, the attack happened 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) inside its own territory, lacked its permission and was a planned strike, intended to be followed by the incursion of Colombian troops by helicopter. It pointed out that

23408-465: Was the first time the Colombian military had killed a member of FARC's leadership council in combat. After this operation, Colombia increased its security measures nationwide, fearing FARC retaliation. According to the Ecuadorian government, the attack happened 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) inside its own territory, lacked its permission and was a planned strike, intended to be followed by the incursion of Colombian troops by helicopter. It pointed out that

23562-437: Was to reverse the fact that surpluses from oil sales go directly to prepay Ecuador's foreign debt and instead go to investment in health and education. After the World Bank stopped a loan, citing changes in the oil revenue stabilization fund, Correa resigned from Palacio's government. He had also proposed the issuance of government bonds at a lower interest rate than the 8.5% prevailing one at that time. Venezuela 's government

23716-437: Was to reverse the fact that surpluses from oil sales go directly to prepay Ecuador's foreign debt and instead go to investment in health and education. After the World Bank stopped a loan, citing changes in the oil revenue stabilization fund, Correa resigned from Palacio's government. He had also proposed the issuance of government bonds at a lower interest rate than the 8.5% prevailing one at that time. Venezuela 's government

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