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33-711: Alfred Neubauer (29 March 1891 in Neutitschein – 22 August 1980 in Stuttgart ) was the racing manager of the Mercedes-Benz Grand Prix team from 1926 to 1955. Neubauer's father, Karl Neubauer, was a furniture-maker in Neutitschein ( Czech : Nový Jičín ), which then was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . Karl christened his only son Alfred, but the child quickly became known to family and friends as Friedl. Neubauer used to repair motor vehicles while he

66-459: A 64-mile (103 km) circuit based at Le Mans in 1906. Since the 1920s, the city has been best known for its connection with motorsports. There are two official and separate racing tracks at Le Mans, though they share certain portions. The smaller is the Bugatti Circuit (named after Ettore Bugatti , founder of the car company bearing his name), a relatively short permanent circuit, which

99-642: A new model. As a compromise solution, the design of the Mercedes-Benz 300 was adapted. This resulted in a new racing car, the Mercedes-Benz 300SL . With this car, Neubauer achieved victories at the Carrera Panamericana and the Le Mans 24-hour race. When Mercedes-Benz cars returned to Grand Prix racing in 1954, the new Silver Arrows proved to be as superior as those produced before the war. Juan Manuel Fangio

132-725: Is a city in Northwestern France on the Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne . Traditionally the capital of the province of Maine , it is now the capital of the Sarthe department and the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le Mans . Le Mans is a part of the Pays de la Loire region . Its inhabitants are called Manceaux (male) and Mancelles (female). Since 1923, the city has hosted

165-476: Is a square with arcades and a rectangular system of adjacent streets. In the 16th century, the arcades were built and the wooden houses were replaced by stone ones. The town square is lined by preserved Renaissance and Baroque burger houses. The town hall was a Renaissance house from the 16th century, rebuilt to the town hall in 1661. In 1881, the façade was rebuilt and modified in the pseudo-Gothic style. In 1929–1930, an insensitive pseudo-Renaissance reconstruction

198-408: Is known for the hatmaking industry and is nicknamed the "town of hats". The villages of Bludovice, Kojetín, Loučka, Straník and Žilina are administrative parts of Nový Jičín. There are two theories as to how the name "Jičín" came about. According to local legends, it could be derived from the brave daughter of a local castle owner named Jitka ( Jitčín , later evolved to Jičín). Another theory derives

231-502: Is situated on the small river of Jičínka, at its confluence with the streams Zrzávka, Grasmanka and Rakovec. The first written mention of Nový Jičín is from 1313, however it was probably founded around 1280. It was established as the economic centre of the Starý Jičín estate. It was a property of Lords of Kravaře and later of the Zierotin family. Žerotínský Castle was originally part of

264-524: Is used for racing throughout the year and regularly hosts the French motorcycle Grand Prix . The longer and more famous Circuit de la Sarthe is composed partly of public roads. These are closed to the public when the track is in use for racing. Since 1923, this route has been used for the famous 24 Hours of Le Mans sports car endurance race . Boutiques and shops are set up during the race, selling merchandise and promoting products for cars. The " Le Mans start "

297-605: The 24 Hours of Le Mans , the world's oldest active endurance sports car race. The event is among the most attended and prestigious motor sports events in the world. First mentioned by Claudius Ptolemy , the Roman city Vindinium was the capital of the Aulerci , a sub tribe of the Aedui . Le Mans is also known as Civitas Cenomanorum (City of the Cenomani ), or Cenomanus . Their city, seized by

330-509: The Ninth Air Force IX Engineering Command began construction of a combat Advanced Landing Ground outside of the town. The airfield was declared operational on 3 September and designated as " A-35 ". It was used by several American fighter and transport units until late November of that year in additional offensives across France; the airfield was closed. Le Mans has a temperate oceanic climate ( Cfb ) influenced by

363-492: The 19th century which saw the development of railway and motor vehicle production as well as textiles and tobacco manufacture. Wilbur Wright began official public demonstrations of the airplane he had developed with his younger brother Orville on 8 August 1908, at the Hunaudières horse racing track near Le Mans. Soon after Le Mans was liberated by the U.S. 79th and 90th Infantry Divisions on 8 August 1944, engineers of

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396-546: The Romans in 47 BC, was within the ancient Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis . A 3rd-century amphitheatre is still visible. The thermae were demolished during the crisis of the third century when workers were mobilized to build the city's defensive walls. The ancient wall around Le Mans is one of the most complete circuits of Gallo-Roman city walls to survive. As the use of the French language replaced late Vulgar Latin in

429-576: The area, Cenomanus , with dissimilation , became known as Celmins. Cel- was taken to be a form of the French word for "this" and "that", and was replaced by le , which means "the". As the principal city of Maine , Le Mans was the stage for struggles in the eleventh century between the counts of Anjou and the dukes of Normandy . When the Normans had control of Maine, William the Conqueror successfully invaded England and established an occupation. In 1069

462-541: The citizens of Maine revolted and expelled the Normans, resulting in Hugh V being proclaimed count of Maine . Geoffrey V of Anjou married Matilda of England in the cathedral . Their son Henry II Plantagenet, king of England , was born in the town. In the 13th century Le Mans came under the control of the French crown. It was subsequently invaded by England during the Hundred Years' War . Industrialization took place in

495-526: The hands of Rudolf Caracciola , the best driver during those days. Neubauer's contribution lay not just in his tactical skill, but also in the perfectionistical, almost military drill of the pit crew, which constantly gave the team a time advantage over its rivals. Neubauer's organization at the Mille Miglia in 1931 was a master stroke. To reach each staging post before Caracciola arrived, he repeatedly criss-crossed Italy with his team. According to Neubauer,

528-444: The mild Atlantic air travelling inland. Summers are warm and occasionally hot, whereas winters are mild and cloudy. Precipitation is relatively uniform and moderate year round. As of 2018 , there were 367,082 inhabitants in the metropolitan area ( aire d'attraction ) of Le Mans, with 143,252 of these living in the city proper ( commune ). In 1855 Le Mans absorbed four neighbouring communes. The population data for 1851 and earlier in

561-521: The name from the Slavic word for wild boar dik ( Dičín , later amended to Jičín). The attribute Nový ("new") was added to distinguish it from Starý Jičín ("Old Jičín"). Nový Jičín is located about 30 km (19 mi) southwest of Ostrava . It lies in the Moravian-Silesian Foothills . The highest point is the hill Dlouhý kopec at 585 m (1,919 ft) above sea level. The town

594-475: The origin of the Silver Arrows phrase was due to the cars being overweighted at their first race. Neubauer's story states that the rules prescribed a weight limit of 750 kg, whilst one day before the new cars' first race they weighed in at 751 kg. This led to Neubauer and Manfred von Brauchitsch eventually coming up with the idea of removing the cars' white paint. The silver-coloured aluminium bodywork

627-458: The rivalry between Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union . In its most successful phase, the Mercedes-Benz team's regular drivers were Rudolf Caracciola , Hermann Lang , Manfred von Brauchitsch , and Richard Seaman . After the Second World War, Mercedes-Benz was anxious to return to racing as soon as possible, but a new formula was announced for 1954, and there was insufficient time to produce

660-541: The same name, one of the 34 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Moravia . After the end of World War I , by 24 November 1918, the town became part of the Czechoslovak Republic . The German population was expelled in 1945. Nový Jičín is known for the hatting industry. Hats have been made here since 1630. The mechanical production began here in 1865 and is the oldest hat factory in the world. The modern TONAK company

693-523: The station on the high-speed railway line in Suchdol nad Odrou . There is the Nový Jičín– Suchdol nad Odrou railway line of local importance. The largest airport in the region, Leoš Janáček Airport Ostrava is about 15 kilometres from Nový Jičín. The historic core of Nový Jičín is a Renaissance-Baroque town with a pure example of medieval urbanism of the second half of the 13th century. In its centre

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726-500: The system for the first time at the 1926 Solituderennen on 12 September 1926, the chief steward demanded angrily that he leave the track, since his 'antics' were irritating the drivers. To Neubauer's explanation that he was the Rennleiter , the organizer responded: ‘Are you mad? I’m the Rennleiter ’ ( Rennleiter can also mean “race director”). The Mercedes-Benz team was soon winning races with SS and SSK racing cars, frequently in

759-428: The table and graph below refer to the pre-1855 borders. The Gare du Mans is the main railway station of Le Mans. It takes 1 hour to reach Paris from Le Mans by TGV high speed train. There are also TGV connections to Lille, Marseille, Nantes, Rennes and Brest. Gare du Mans is also a hub for regional trains. Le Mans inaugurated a new light rail system on 17 November 2007. The first French Grand Prix took place on

792-400: The town and large textile factories were established. The hatter industry has flourished and Nový Jičín is still today called the "town of hats". During the industrialization in the mid-19th century, two town gates and most turrets and attic of the castle were demolished. Only two defense towers were left in memory. Until 1918, the town was part of Austria-Hungary , head of the district with

825-469: The town fortifications, the construction of which began in the 1380s and continued in the early 16th century. During the rule of Bedřich of Zierotin (1533–1541), the castle was rebuilt into a Renaissance residence. In 1620, Frederick V promoted Nový Jičín to a royal town. The town was decimated by Thirty Years' War and by large fires in 1768 and 1773. In the 19th century, the Jewish population returned to

858-578: Was World Champion in 1954 and 1955. Probably Neubauer's worst day as racing manager was at Le Mans in 1955, when a Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR driven by Frenchman Pierre Levegh , was catapulted into the crowd, killing more than 80 people including Levegh. After consultation with Stuttgart, Neubauer withdrew the remaining cars from the event. After the shock of Le Mans, Mercedes-Benz withdrew from racing altogether, and Alfred Neubauer retired. Italics indicate factory team. Neutitschein Nový Jičín

891-701: Was an officer during his service in the Imperial Austrian army. After the First World War , he joined the Austrian car manufacturer Austro-Daimler , where Ferdinand Porsche appointed him to be chief tester. From 1922 onwards, Neubauer also drove in races, although without any great success. In 1923, when Ferdinand Porsche moved to the Daimler Works at Stuttgart ( Daimler-Benz was not founded until 1926), he took Neubauer with him. In 1926, recognizing that he himself

924-462: Was established in 1945 and is still one of the three largest headwear manufacturers in the world. The largest employer with headquarters in the town is Hanon Systems Autopal, a manufacturer of refrigeration and air conditioning components for the automotive industry. The company employs more than 1,500 people. Nový Jičín lies on the European route E462 . The town lies about 8 km (5 mi) from

957-401: Was exposed, and the Silver Arrows were born. However, this story is a fabrication by Neubauer himself, a well-known raconteur. The debut race was run to Formula Libre rules, meaning there was no weight limit. Additionally, there are no reports or photographs from the time suggesting that the cars were ever run in white paint. The Silver Arrows years were dominated by German racing cars and

990-534: Was formerly used in the 24-hour race: drivers lined up across the track from their cars, ran across the track, jumped into their cars and started them to begin the race. The 1955 Le Mans disaster was a large accident during the race that killed eighty-four spectators. The city is home to Le Mans Sarthe Basket , 2006 Champion of the LNB Pro A , France's top professional basketball division. The team plays its home games at

1023-582: Was made. The most valuable house is Stará pošta (i.e. "old post office"), a two-storey Renaissance house from 1563. In a historic house where general Ernst Gideon von Laudon died in 1790 is the tourist information centre and an exposition of the hat-making tradition of Nový Jičín. The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is the landmark of the historic centre. It has a Renaissance 66 m (217 ft) high tower from 1587. The original Gothic castle

Alfred Neubauer - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-494: Was not a great racing driver, Neubauer got an inspiration that let him create the position of racing team manager ( Rennleiter ). Racing drivers in those days being isolated from the outside, they often did not know their position in a race. Occasionally a driver would learn that he had won after a race merely by surprise. To overcome this situation, Alfred Neubauer devised a well thought-out system, with flags and boards, to give his drivers more tactical information. When he tried out

1089-521: Was replaced by the current building by the Jesuits in 1732–1740. The oldest stone building in Nový Jičín is the Žerotínský Castle from the 1380s. Today it houses the regional museum. Only a bastion from 1613 and few fragments of the town walls are preserved to this day. Nový Jičín is twinned with: Le Mans Le Mans ( / l ə ˈ m ɒ̃ / , French: [lə mɑ̃] )

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