31-462: Alexander Muirhead , FRS , (26 May 1848 – 13 December 1920) born in East Saltoun , East Lothian , Scotland was an electrical engineer specialising in wireless telegraphy . Muirhead studied for his Bachelor of Science at University College London and then DSc (in electricity) at St Bartholomew's Hospital 1869–1872 where he is credited with recording the first human electrocardiogram . He
62-735: A Chair (all of whom are Fellows of the Royal Society ). Members of the 10 Sectional Committees change every three years to mitigate in-group bias . Each Sectional Committee covers different specialist areas including: New Fellows are admitted to the Society at a formal admissions day ceremony held annually in July, when they sign the Charter Book and the Obligation which reads: "We who have hereunto subscribed, do hereby promise, that we will endeavour to promote
93-686: A master's degree, ( MSc Hons) a year later, from the same university. In 1973, he joined the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam , as a scientist where he worked till 1988. During this period, he enrolled for research at the Indian Institute of Science from where he obtained his PhD, in 1982. He also did post doctoral research at the Max Planck Institute für Festkörperforschung , Stuttgart, Germany, from 1983 to 1985. The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) offered Sood
124-472: A member of the Asia-Pacific Academy of Materials in 2008. Sood was an executive editor of the international journal, Solid State Communications , with a SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) of 0.874 till November 2020. He is also an editorial board member of the journals, Scientific Reports , Particle and EPL (Europhysics Letters) . Sood has also served on the scientific advisory committee to
155-1759: Is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge , including mathematics , engineering science , and medical science ". Fellowship of the Society, the oldest known scientific academy in continuous existence, is a significant honour. It has been awarded to many eminent scientists throughout history, including Isaac Newton (1672), Benjamin Franklin (1756), Charles Babbage (1816), Michael Faraday (1824), Charles Darwin (1839), Ernest Rutherford (1903), Srinivasa Ramanujan (1918), Jagadish Chandra Bose (1920), Albert Einstein (1921), Paul Dirac (1930), Winston Churchill (1941), Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1944), Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1945), Dorothy Hodgkin (1947), Alan Turing (1951), Lise Meitner (1955), Satyendra Nath Bose (1958), and Francis Crick (1959). More recently, fellowship has been awarded to Stephen Hawking (1974), David Attenborough (1983), Tim Hunt (1991), Elizabeth Blackburn (1992), Raghunath Mashelkar (1998), Tim Berners-Lee (2001), Venki Ramakrishnan (2003), Atta-ur-Rahman (2006), Andre Geim (2007), Bai Chunli (2014), James Dyson (2015), Ajay Kumar Sood (2015), Subhash Khot (2017), Elon Musk (2018), Elaine Fuchs (2019) and around 8,000 others in total, including over 280 Nobel Laureates since 1900. As of October 2018 , there are approximately 1,689 living Fellows, Foreign and Honorary Members, of whom 85 are Nobel Laureates. Fellowship of
186-725: Is confirmed by the Council in April, and a secret ballot of Fellows is held at a meeting in May. A candidate is elected if they secure two-thirds of votes of those Fellows voting. An indicative allocation of 18 Fellowships can be allocated to candidates from Physical Sciences and Biological Sciences; and up to 10 from Applied Sciences, Human Sciences and Joint Physical and Biological Sciences. A further maximum of six can be 'Honorary', 'General' or 'Royal' Fellows. Nominations for Fellowship are peer reviewed by Sectional Committees, each with at least 12 members and
217-489: Is known for his pioneering research findings on graphene and nanotechnology . He is a Distinguished Honorary Professor of Physics at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore . The Government of India honoured him in 2013, with the Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian award, for his contributions to the fields of science and technology. Sood was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2015 . He has been on
248-421: Is nominated by two Fellows of the Royal Society (a proposer and a seconder), who sign a certificate of proposal. Previously, nominations required at least five fellows to support each nomination by the proposer, which was criticised for supposedly establishing an old boy network and elitist gentlemen's club . The certificate of election (see for example ) includes a statement of the principal grounds on which
279-618: The Indian Institute of Science and the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research . Sood has done extensive research on hard condensed matter and soft condensed matter physics , with special emphasis on Raman scattering and nanotechnology . He has been credited with many path breaking findings and inventions, which are said to be of daily and scientific uses. Sood, through his experiments in 2003, generated electrical signals by passing liquids over solids or through nanotubes and this phenomenon has now been termed by
310-693: The National Academy of Sciences, India (FNASc) (1995) and holds the Bhatnagar Chair of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research . He is the incumbent Secretary General of The World Academy of Sciences and a former President of the Indian Academy of Sciences from 2010 to 2012 and the vice-president of the Indian National Science Academy from 2008 to 2010. He also served as
341-686: The Prime Minister of India from 2009 to 2014, and is the Chairman of the National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi . Sood is a recipient of many awards and honours. He was awarded Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize , in 1990, by the Government of India. In 2013, the Government of India followed it up with the fourth highest civilian award, Padma Shri . The Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) recognised Sood's services by conferring on him
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#1733093356005372-609: The TWAS Prize in Physics, in 2000. The same year, he received four more awards viz. G. D. Birla Science Award , Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) Award , Materials Research Society (India) Medal and Millennium Gold Medal of Indian Science Congress . Two years later, in 2002, he received the Homi Jehangir Bhabha Medal of Indian National Science Academy . The next year, in 2003, he
403-426: The post-nominal letters FRS . Every year, fellows elect up to ten new foreign members. Like fellows, foreign members are elected for life through peer review on the basis of excellence in science. As of 2016 , there are around 165 foreign members, who are entitled to use the post-nominal ForMemRS . Honorary Fellowship is an honorary academic title awarded to candidates who have given distinguished service to
434-643: The Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2019. He serves as an Associate Editor for ACS Nano . The sound of music is also deep physics. Of course, you don't need to know that to appreciate music says Dr. Ajay K. Sood. Ajay Kumar Sood was born on 26 June 1951, in Gwalior , India. He graduated in physics ( BSc Hons) from the Punjab University, Chandigarh , in 1971, and followed it with
465-439: The Royal Society has been described by The Guardian as "the equivalent of a lifetime achievement Oscar " with several institutions celebrating their announcement each year. Up to 60 new Fellows (FRS), honorary (HonFRS) and foreign members (ForMemRS) are elected annually in late April or early May, from a pool of around 700 proposed candidates each year. New Fellows can only be nominated by existing Fellows for one of
496-655: The Society, we shall be free from this Obligation for the future". Since 2014, portraits of Fellows at the admissions ceremony have been published without copyright restrictions in Wikimedia Commons under a more permissive Creative Commons license which allows wider re-use. In addition to the main fellowships of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS & HonFRS), other fellowships are available which are applied for by individuals, rather than through election. These fellowships are research grant awards and holders are known as Royal Society Research Fellows . In addition to
527-535: The award of Fellowship (FRS, HonFRS & ForMemRS) and the Research Fellowships described above, several other awards, lectures and medals of the Royal Society are also given. Ajay Kumar Sood Ajay Kumar Sood FNA , FASc , FNASc , FRS , FTWAS (born 26 June 1951) is an Indian physicist and researcher currently serving as the 4th Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India . He holds 2 United States and 5 Indian patents , and
558-597: The cause of science, but do not have the kind of scientific achievements required of Fellows or Foreign Members. Honorary Fellows include the World Health Organization's Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (2022), Bill Bryson (2013), Melvyn Bragg (2010), Robin Saxby (2015), David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville (2008), Onora O'Neill (2007), John Maddox (2000), Patrick Moore (2001) and Lisa Jardine (2015). Honorary Fellows are entitled to use
589-515: The fellowships described below: Every year, up to 52 new fellows are elected from the United Kingdom, the rest of the Commonwealth of Nations , and Ireland, which make up around 90% of the society. Each candidate is considered on their merits and can be proposed from any sector of the scientific community. Fellows are elected for life on the basis of excellence in science and are entitled to use
620-434: The first time, by using femtosecond laser pulses and employing impulsive simulated Raman scattering . He has also discovered that liquid flow in a singled walled carbon nanotube induces the voltage and current to flow along the floor direction of the tube. Sood has also experimented with soft condensed matter like micelle composed viscoelastic gels which establish a deterministic spatiotemporal chaotic dynamics in
651-530: The good of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, and to pursue the ends for which the same was founded; that we will carry out, as far as we are able, those actions requested of us in the name of the Council; and that we will observe the Statutes and Standing Orders of the said Society. Provided that, whensoever any of us shall signify to the President under our hands, that we desire to withdraw from
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#1733093356005682-407: The nonlinear flow regime . He has also invented an ultrasensitive immunoassay by subjecting colloids to an electrical field, thus generating nonequilibrium phenomena, an invention that has relevance to the medical field. He has developed a medical diagnostic kit, too, which is said to be useful for the diagnosis of diseases across the spectrum. Sood is now working on the modalities of enhancing
713-509: The post nominal letters HonFRS . Statute 12 is a legacy mechanism for electing members before official honorary membership existed in 1997. Fellows elected under statute 12 include David Attenborough (1983) and John Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne (1991). The Council of the Royal Society can recommend members of the British royal family for election as Royal Fellow of the Royal Society . As of 2023 there are four royal fellows: Elizabeth II
744-757: The post of an associate professor at the institution in 1988, which he accepted. In 1994, he was promoted as the Professor of the Department of Physics at IISc. Four years later, he rose to the position of the chairman of the Division of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, IISc, which he held until 2008. Sood has also been holding the position of the honorary professor at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bengaluru since 1993. Sood lives in Bengaluru, Karnataka state, India, associating himself with
775-546: The proposal is being made. There is no limit on the number of nominations made each year. In 2015, there were 654 candidates for election as Fellows and 106 candidates for Foreign Membership. The Council of the Royal Society oversees the selection process and appoints 10 subject area committees, known as Sectional Committees, to recommend the strongest candidates for election to the Fellowship. The final list of up to 52 Fellowship candidates and up to 10 Foreign Membership candidates
806-514: The scientific world as Sood Effect . Sood, along with his team of scientists at the Indian Institute of Science, has done experiments on semiconductor superlattices , fullerenes , solid C60 , C70 and single walled carbon nanotubes and reported to have unearthed new concepts on optical phonons . He was successful in exciting squeezed phonon states in KTa03 crystals, reported to be for
837-405: The viscosity of a material by adding nanotubes without increasing its weight. This will, for example, enable us to make lighter weight bullet proof vests with increased efficiency. Sood is a fellow of many science academies and institutions such as the Indian Academy of Sciences (FASc) (1991), the Indian National Science Academy (FNA) (1996), The World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS) (2002) and
868-503: Was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1904. He died at Shortlands , Kent , on 13 December 1920 and is buried at West Norwood Cemetery . This article about an engineer, inventor or industrial designer from the United Kingdom or its predecessor states is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Fellow of the Royal Society Fellowship of the Royal Society ( FRS , ForMemRS and HonFRS )
899-421: Was not a Royal Fellow, but provided her patronage to the society, as all reigning British monarchs have done since Charles II of England . Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1951) was elected under statute 12, not as a Royal Fellow. The election of new fellows is announced annually in May, after their nomination and a period of peer-reviewed selection. Each candidate for Fellowship or Foreign Membership
930-496: Was scientific adviser to his father's company, Latimer Clark, Muirhead & Co. , designing precision instruments, and with H A Taylor patented a method of duplexing telegraph signals for use in submarine cables . He later worked with Sir Oliver Lodge on the development of wireless telegraphy, selling their important tuning patents to Marconi in 1912. He became a member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers in 1877, and
961-704: Was selected for the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Alumni Award for Excellence in Research for Science . Three more awards came his way the same year, viz. M. N. Saha Birth Centenary Award of the Indian Science Congress , Sir C. V. Raman Award of the University Grants Commission and the Goyal Prize in Physics . He has also received awards such as: Sood was elected a Fellow of