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41-604: The County Library was established in 1910 and is governed by the Alameda County Board of Supervisors. The Alameda County Library Advisory Commission advises the County Librarian and the Board of Supervisors on library services. The County Library is funded primarily by local property taxes, with additional revenue from state grants and contracts with cities for additional open hours and services. Service in unincorporated areas

82-753: A Works Progress Administration project in 1936. Castro Valley is an unincorporated community and thus is governed directly by the County of Alameda. There is no city police force, with policing provided by the Alameda County Sheriff's Office and the California Highway Patrol . Most of the community has fire protection provided by the Alameda County Fire Department , while the Five Canyons neighborhood has fire protection provided by

123-406: A collection of over 23,000 items, at a cost of $ 230,000. The current collection is approximately 100,000 items. A new replacement library opened on October 31, 2009 at 3600 Norbridge Ave. The new library has been funded by a combination of state bond (13.9 million) and public support for a total cost of $ 22,276,464. The architect for the project is Noll and Tam, Berkeley, California. The contractor for

164-417: A gambling habit and had to sell off portions of his land to pay gambling debts. The last of his holding was sold in a sheriff's sale in 1864 to Faxon Atherton for $ 400,000. Atherton (after whom the city of Atherton is named ) in turn began selling off his portion in smaller parcels. Two men named Cull (the namesake of Cull Canyon) and Luce bought some 2,400 acres (10 km ) and began running

205-535: A seven-member Municipal Advisory Council, which is an advisory body appointed to advise the Alameda County Board of Supervisors on local issues. According to the 2015–2019 American Community Survey, educational attainment for Castro Valley residents at least 25 years old is 91.5% high school graduate and 44.9% bachelor's degree. Castro Valley is primarily served by the Castro Valley Unified School District , though portions of it are served by

246-457: A steam-operated saw mill in Redwood Canyon. The Jensen brothers also bought land from Atherton in 1867. In 1866, Redwood school was built, the first public school in the area. Many Portuguese families immigrated to the surrounding canyons (especially Palomares Canyon) and farmed large amounts of land, where their descendants remain today. In the 1870s, Lake Chabot, a reservoir and popular park,

287-516: Is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alameda County, California , United States. At the 2010 census, it was the fifth most populous unincorporated area in California. The population was 66,441 at the 2020 census. Castro Valley is named after Guillermo Castro , a noted 19th-century Californio ranchero who owned the land where the community is located. Before the arrival of European settlers

328-420: Is a populated area that is primarily residential rather than commercial or industrial. Routine travel from home to work and back is called commuting , which is where the term comes from. A commuter town may be called by many other terms: " bedroom community " (Canada and northeastern US), " bedroom town ", " bedroom suburb " (US), " dormitory town " (UK). The term " exurb " was used from the 1950s, but since 2006,

369-515: Is funded in part by a utility users and business license tax collected in unincorporated areas, and allocated by the Board of Supervisors. The Alameda County Library Foundation and Friends or Library League groups support library programs and services in each community. As of 2022, the Alameda County Library has eleven branch libraries. Though the cities of Alameda and Berkeley are part of Alameda County, their city libraries are not part of

410-880: Is generally used for areas beyond suburbs and specifically less densely built than the suburbs to which the exurbs' residents commute. Often commuter towns form when workers in a region cannot afford to live where they work and must seek residency in another town with a lower cost of living . The late 20th century, the dot-com bubble and United States housing bubble drove housing costs in Californian metropolitan areas to historic highs, spawning exurban growth in adjacent counties. Workers with jobs in San Francisco found themselves moving further and further away to nearby cities like Oakland, Burlingame, and San Mateo. As rental and housing costs kept increasing, even renters that would normally be considered affluent elsewhere would struggle with

451-543: Is quite different from North American commuter towns that are almost exclusively the result of transportation by car. Where commuters are wealthier and small town housing markets are weaker than city housing markets, the development of a bedroom community may raise local housing prices and attract upscale service businesses in a process akin to gentrification . Long-time residents may be displaced by new commuter residents due to rising house prices. This can also be influenced by zoning restrictions in urbanized areas that prevent

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492-514: Is served with public transportation by bus system AC Transit , and rapid transit system BART with a station . The primary local east–west arterial road is Castro Valley Boulevard, while Lake Chabot Road, Redwood Road and Crow Canyon Road are the major north–south arterials. Historically, Castro Valley Boulevard was part of the first transcontinental highway system, the Lincoln Highway . Through BART, Castro Valley has links to all three of

533-592: Is widely considered the commercial center of town. The Harry Rowell Rodeo Ranch is located in Castro Valley and is managed by the Hayward Area Recreation and Park District . Rodeos are held there regularly. The first public school in Castro Valley is a designated California Historical Landmark . A plaque is placed at the original site. The one-room schoolhouse was donated for "educational purposes only," by Josiah Grover Brickell in 1866. Brickell provided

574-635: The Brookings Institution in 2006, the term is generally used for areas beyond suburbs and specifically less densely built than the suburbs to which the exurbs' residents commute. Comparatively low density towns – often featuring large lots and large homes – create heavy motor vehicle dependency . "They begin as embryonic subdivisions of a few hundred homes at the far edge of beyond, surrounded by scrub. Then, they grow – first gradually, but soon with explosive force – attracting stores, creating jobs and struggling to keep pace with

615-681: The Hayward Unified School District (South of I-580 and West of Grove Way) and the San Lorenzo Unified School District (westernmost part). Overall, the Castro Valley Unified School District serves almost 9,000 students. The main high school is Castro Valley High School with over 2,700 students. Castro Valley also has Redwood High School , an alternative high school with approximately 193 students in 2005. The school district includes

656-422: The poverty line , including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over. The economy of Castro Valley consists largely of the provision of goods and services for local residents. Being a primarily residential community, only about 5% of the area has been developed for commercial uses. The greatest number of people (6,683) are employed by the health care and social assistance industry, followed by

697-399: The 21,606 households 32.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.0% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 23.2% of households were one person and 9.3% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.05. The age distribution was 23.7% under

738-471: The 22,348 households 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 54.3% were opposite-sex married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present. 5.0% of households were unmarried opposite-sex partnerships and 1.0% were same-sex married couples or partnerships . 21.7% of households were one person and 8.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size

779-483: The Alameda County Library system. The Castro Valley Library serves approximately 60,000 residents in the unincorporated area of Castro Valley, California . The original Castro Valley Library was first opened in 1927 on Castro Valley Blvd, in a water tank owned by the Booth family. It later moved to another building, at 20055 Redwood Road, which was designed by architects Wahamaki and Corey. That building opened in 1962 with

820-471: The CDP was 58.0% White (49.5% non-Hispanic), 6.9% African American (6.6% non-Hispanic), 0.5% Native American, 21.4% Asian, 0.7% Pacific Islander, 6.1% from other races, and 6.3% from two or more races. 17.4% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. The census reported that 98.0% of the population lived in households, 0.4% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1.5% were institutionalized. Of

861-631: The Castro Valley Adult School. There is also a Roman Catholic school, called Our Lady of Grace (K–8), which is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland . Redwood Christian Schools has one elementary school (K–5) Redwood Christian Elementary. Interstate 580 , which approaches from the east, makes a turn northward at Castro Valley. Interstate 238 , which originates in Castro Valley, connects I-580 to Interstate 880 . In addition to being served by those two freeways, Castro Valley

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902-620: The Fairview Fire Protection District. Castro Valley Sanitary District provides refuse and sewer collection services for the majority of the community, with wastewater processed at the Oro Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant in San Lorenzo . Efforts to incorporate Castro Valley have been voted down by its residents at the polls in both 1956 and 2002. In lieu of a city council, Castro Valley is represented by

943-532: The San Francisco Bay Area's major commercial airports, though the closest by distance is Oakland International Airport . Eden Medical Center operates in Castro Valley. It is a Sutter Health facility, and provides basic emergency medical services for the area. Castro Valley Sanitary District runs wastewater treatment facilities, and was selected as California's best small wastewater system in 2002 and 2018. Bedroom community A commuter town

984-566: The UK , both the national railway's tracks, trains, stations and real estate were included in the privatization agreements. Japan's privately operated railroads view real estate investment and development of commuter towns as central to their business model. These railroads continuously develop new residential and commercial areas alongside their existing and new routes and stations and adjust their train schedules in order to provide existing and prospective commuters with convenient work-commute routines. This

1025-404: The age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males. The median household income was $ 76,197 and the median family income was $ 91,713 as of a 2008 estimate. About 2.7% of families and 4.5% of the population were below

1066-737: The area was settled by the Chocheño (also spelled Chochenyo or Chocenyo ) subdivision of the Ohlone Native Americans . With the arrival of Europeans, they established Mission San Jose in 1797. The area Castro Valley now occupies was part of the extensive colony of New Spain in what was the province of Alta California . Castro Valley was part of the original 28,000 acre (110 km ) land grant given to Castro in 1840, called Rancho San Lorenzo . This land grant included Hayward , San Lorenzo , and Castro Valley, including Crow Canyon, Cull Canyon, and Palomares Canyons. Castro had

1107-876: The brunt of the public operating budget in higher property or income taxes . Such municipalities may scramble to encourage commercial growth once an established residential base has been reached. In the UK, commuter towns were developed by railway companies to create demand for their lines. One 1920s pioneer of this form of development was the Metropolitan Railway (now part of London Underground ) which marketed its Metro-land developments. This initiative encouraged many to move out of central and inner-city London to suburbs such as Harrow , or out of London itself, to commuter villages in Buckinghamshire or Hertfordshire . Commuter towns have more recently been built ahead of adequate transportation infrastructure, thus spurring

1148-521: The construction of suitably cheap housing closer to places of employment. The number of commuter towns increased in the US and the UK during the 20th century because of a trend for people to move out of the cities into the surrounding green belt . In the United States, it is common for commuter towns to create disparities in municipal tax rates. When a commuter town collects few business taxes, residents must pay

1189-521: The development of roads and public transportation systems. These can take the form of light rail lines extending from the city center to new streetcar suburbs and new or expanded highways , whose construction and traffic can lead to the community becoming part of a larger conurbation . A 2014 study by the British Office for National Statistics found that commuting also affects wellbeing. Commuters are more likely to be anxious, dissatisfied and have

1230-646: The east. The eastern hills of Castro Valley constitute the headwaters of the San Lorenzo Creek watershed and the origin of several creeks that flow into San Lorenzo Creek: Bolinas, Castro Valley, Chabot, Crow, Cull, Eden, Hollis, Kelly Canyon, Norris, and Palomares Creeks. At the 2010 census 61,388 people, 22,348 households, and 16,112 families resided in the CDP. The population density was 3,690.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,424.8/km ). There were 23,392 housing units at an average density of 1,382.6 units per square mile (533.8 units/km ). The racial makeup of

1271-441: The materials circulated each year are donated by members of the community. Alameda County Library collects languages that support the community demographics. A Community Language Committee was formed to identify the needs of communities and sustain a balanced collection of international languages. The library actively collects works in the following languages: Write to Read Castro Valley, California Castro Valley

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1312-497: The new building is W.A. Thomas, Inc., Martinez, California. A groundbreaking ceremony was held April 18, 2008. The Alameda County Library Bookmobile is a library on wheels with books, magazines, music CDs, CDROMs, videos, DVDs and books on cassette and CD for children, teens, and adults. The bookmobile visits schools and neighborhoods once every two weeks. Alameda County Library provides library service and literacy/life skills instruction to men and women held in county jails. Most of

1353-465: The prospect of home ownership in an area with higher quality schools and amenities. As of 2003 , over 80% of the workforce of Tracy, California , was employed in the San Francisco Bay Area . In some cases, commuter towns can result from changing economic conditions. Steubenville, Ohio along with neighboring Weirton, West Virginia had an independent regional identity until the collapse of

1394-434: The retail trade industry with 1,073 employees and accommodation and food service with 1,044 employees. The health care and social assistance industry provided $ 1.1 billion in sales, shipments, receipts or revenue in 2012, which is the highest of all industries, and it is followed by the retail trade industry, which had a value of $ 324.1 million in sales, shipments, receipts or revenue. The median household income of residents

1435-451: The salary for the first teacher. During the day the teacher taught children and in the evening they taught farmhands. The school burned down in 1901. It was rebuilt and burned down again in 1920. A new school was built on another property. The Adobe Art Gallery is a program operated by the Hayward Area Recreation and Park District promoting the visual arts and uses the Adobe building, built as

1476-409: The sense that their daily activities lack meaning than those who don't have to travel to work, even if they are paid more. The term exurb (a portmanteau of "extra & urban") was coined by Auguste Comte Spectorsky in his 1955 book The Exurbanites , to describe the ring of prosperous communities beyond the suburbs that are commuter towns for an urban area. However, since a landmark report by

1517-510: The steel industry in the 1980s. Steubenville Pike and the Parkway West also created easier access to the much larger city of Pittsburgh . In 2013, Jefferson County, Ohio (where Steubenville is located) was added to the Pittsburgh metropolitan area as part of its larger Combined Statistical Area . In Japan, most of the national railway network was privatized by the 1980s but unlike in

1558-510: Was $ 108,488 in 2019, compared to a median income of $ 99,406 for all of Alameda County. The poverty rate was 6.9%, compared to 8.6% in all of Alameda County. Castro Valley is one of the sites where Joseph Eichler built some of the 10,000 or so homes he built in the Bay Area. Castro Valley has a one-screen movie theater, the Chabot Cinema. The Castro Village complex on Castro Valley Boulevard

1599-439: Was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.4%. 68.8% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 29.2% lived in rental housing units. At the 2000 census there were 57,292 people, 21,606 households, and 15,016 families in the CDP. The population density was 3,971.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,533.4/km ). There were 22,003 housing units at an average density of 1,525.3 units per square mile (588.9 units/km ). Of

1640-488: Was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.15. The age distribution was 23.4% under the age of 18, 7.6% aged 18 to 24, 24.5% aged 25 to 44, 31.1% aged 45 to 64, and 13.4% 65 or older. The median age was 41.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males. There were 23,392 housing units, of which 22,348 were occupied, of which 69.0% were owner-occupied and 31.0% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate

1681-430: Was built by Chinese laborers living at Camp Yema-Po. During the 1940s and 1950s, Castro Valley was known for its chicken ranches. Later it developed into a bedroom community , where workers live and commute to their jobs in the surrounding communities. Lake Chabot lies in the northwest part of Castro Valley. Directly to the west is San Leandro . Hayward is to the south. Dublin , Pleasanton , and San Ramon are to

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