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43-397: In 1970 AGS reported 3854 million net ton-miles (5627 million net tonne-kilometers) of revenue freight and 105 million passenger miles (169 million passenger kilometers); at the end of that year it operated 528 miles (850 km) of road and 1,084 miles (1,745 km) of track. (Those totals do not include Class II subsidiary Louisiana Southern .) The AGS's oldest predecessor was

86-775: A connection with the Alabama and Mississippi Rivers Railroad (later the Selma and Meridian Railroad ) at York, Alabama by 1860, and was leased to the latter company. A group of Boston capitalists headed by John C. Stanton gained control of the companies after the Civil War , and the legislature passed a law in November 1868 to merge the two as the Alabama and Chattanooga Railroad . (Georgia, Tennessee, and Mississippi renamed their portions in March 1869, February 1870, and May 1871, respectively.) The entire line

129-928: A new route into Chattanooga, via the extension, trackage rights over the Memphis-Chattanooga, and a lease of the Belt Railway of Chattanooga . By the summer of 1954, the AGS retired all of their steam locomotives. In January 1969, at the same time as the Southern gained total control over the AGS, it merged the New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad into the AGS. The AGS absorbed the Chattanooga Terminal Railway , Louisiana Southern Railway , and New Orleans Terminal Company in August 1993. Southern Railway trains ran over

172-671: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Southern Railway (U.S.) The Southern Railway (also known as Southern Railway Company ; reporting mark SOU ) was a class 1 railroad based in the Southern United States between 1894 and 1982, when it merged with the Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) to form the Norfolk Southern Railway . The railroad was the product of nearly 150 predecessor lines that were combined, reorganized and recombined beginning in

215-616: The Civil War . The Battle of Shiloh , the Siege of Corinth and the Second Battle of Corinth in 1862 were motivated by the importance of the Memphis and Charleston line, the only east–west rail link across the Confederacy . The Chickamauga Campaign for Chattanooga, Tennessee , was also motivated by the importance of its rail connections to the Memphis and Charleston and other lines. Also, in 1862,

258-670: The Louisville and Nashville Railroad in July 1909, giving it access to West Blocton . The AGS incorporated the Wauhatchie Extension Railway in April 1914 to continue the line from Wauhatchie to a junction with the Southern subsidiary Memphis-Chattanooga Railway west of Lookout Mountain . The property became part of the AGS in February 1917 and was completed later that year, giving the AGS

301-538: The Louisville and Nashville Railroad . A decade later Crane tried to rectify the situation by merging with the Illinois Central Railroad . When that failed, he petitioned the Interstate Commerce Commission to give Southern the old Monon routes and the old Atlantic Coast Line route from Jacksonville to Tampa by way of Orlando among other properties as a condition of the I.C.C.'s approval of

344-631: The Richmond and York River Railroad , which operated from the Pamunkey River at West Point, Virginia , to Richmond, Virginia , was a major focus of George McClellan's Peninsular Campaign , which culminated in the Seven Days Battles and devastated the tiny rail link. Late in the war, the Richmond and Danville Railroad was the Confederacy's last link to Richmond, and transported Jefferson Davis and his cabinet to Danville, Virginia , just before

387-647: The Seaboard Coast Line until its discontinuation in 1971. When Amtrak took over most intercity rail service in 1971, Southern initially opted out of turning over its passenger routes to the new organization. However, it shared operation of its flagship train, the New Orleans–New York Southern Crescent , with Amtrak. Under a longstanding haulage agreement inherited from Penn Central and the Pennsylvania Railroad , Amtrak carried

430-636: The Western North Carolina Railroad . Men were shipped to and from the worksite in iron shackles and around twenty were drowned in the Tuckasegee River weighted down by their shackles. In the area along the Ohio River and Mississippi River , construction of new railroads continued throughout Reconstruction . The Richmond and Danville System expanded throughout the South during this period, but

473-699: The Wills Valley Railroad , chartered by the Alabama Legislature in February 1852 to extend from a point on the Alabama and Tennessee River Railroad northeast to the Georgia state line. In January and February 1854, respectively, the Georgia and Tennessee legislatures authorized the company to continue its road to a point on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad . The North East and South West Alabama Railroad

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516-524: The 1830s, formally becoming the Southern Railway in 1894. At the end of 1971, the Southern operated 6,026 miles (9,698 km) of railroad, not including its Class I subsidiaries Alabama Great Southern (528 miles or 850 km); Central of Georgia (1729 miles); Savannah & Atlanta (167 miles); Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway (415 miles); Georgia Southern & Florida (454 miles); and twelve Class II subsidiaries. That year,

559-513: The 1982 merger with the Norfolk and Western to form the Norfolk Southern, through increased operating costs and concerns ended the program in 1994. Norfolk Southern reinstated the steam program on a limited basis from 2011 to 2015, as the 21st Century Steam program. In the early 2000s, a 22-mile (35 km) loop of former Southern Railway right-of-way encircling central Atlanta neighborhoods

602-645: The AGS was sold to the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railway and Richmond and Danville Railroad , which both became part of the Southern Railway later that decade. In April 1892, the AGS acquired the Gadsden and Attalla Railroad , a branch from Attalla to Gadsden , but in 1905 the AGS sold it to the Southern, retaining trackage rights . The AGS bought a half interest in the Woodstock and Blocton Railway from

645-662: The Norfolk Southern Railway. The railroad has used that name since. The pioneering South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company , Southern's earliest predecessor line and one of the first railroads in the United States , was chartered on December 19, 1827, and ran the nation's first regularly scheduled steam-powered passenger train – the wood-burning Best Friend of Charleston – over a six-mile section out of Charleston, South Carolina , on December 25, 1830. By October 1833, its 136-mile line to Hamburg, South Carolina ,

688-556: The Norfolk and Western Railway in 1980 to form the Norfolk Southern Corporation . The Norfolk Southern Corporation was created in response to the creation of the rival CSX Corporation by a number of railroads in the eastern United States (adopting the name CSX Transportation for its rail system in 1986). Southern and N&W continued as operating companies of Norfolk Southern until in 1982, when Norfolk Southern merged nearly all of N&W's operations into Southern to form

731-544: The Seaboard Coast Line – Chessie System merger in 1979. While the request was supported by the I.C.C.'s Enforcement Bureau, it was ultimately unsuccessful. In response to the creation of the CSX Corporation in November 1980, the Southern Railway joined forces with the Norfolk and Western Railway and formed the Norfolk Southern Corporation in 1980 which began operations in 1982, further consolidating railroads in

774-560: The Southern Railway leased most of its Bluemont, Virginia , branch to the newly formed Washington and Old Dominion Railway . In 1945, the Southern sold most of the remnant of the branch to the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad , the successor to the Washington and Old Dominion Railway. The Central of Georgia became part of the system in 1963, and the former Norfolk Southern Railway was acquired in 1974. Despite these small acquisitions,

817-585: The Southern disdained the merger trend when it swept the railroad industry in the 1960s, choosing to remain a regional carrier. In 1978 President L. Stanley Crane said the refusal to add routes through merger was a mistake, especially the decision not to add a connecting route to Chicago. The Southern tried to gain access to Chicago by targeting the Monon Railroad and the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad but both those railroads went to Southern's competitor,

860-435: The Southern itself reported 26,111 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 110 million passenger-miles. Alabama Great Southern reported 3,854 million net ton-miles of revenue freight and 11 million passenger-miles; Central of Georgia 3,595 and 17; Savannah & Atlanta 140 and 0; Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway 4906 and 0.3; and Georgia Southern & Florida 1,431 and 0.3. The railroad joined forces with

903-513: The Wills Valley from near Gadsden to Georgia. The two companies began construction from their termini outside Alabama. The Wills Valley opened the line from the Nashville and Chattanooga at Wauhatchie, Tennessee to Trenton, Georgia by December 1860, operating to Chattanooga via trackage rights over the Nashville and Chattanooga. The North East and South West began its line at Meridian, reaching

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946-484: The eastern half of the United States. The Southern Railway was renamed Norfolk Southern Railway as the Norfolk and Western Railway became a subsidiary to its system on June 1, 1982. The railroad then acquired more than half of Conrail on June 1, 1999. Southern and its predecessors were responsible for many firsts in the industry. Starting in 1833, its predecessor, the South Carolina Canal and Rail Road ,

989-418: The fall of Richmond in April 1865. Known as the "First Railroad War", the Civil War left the South's railroads and economy devastated. Most of the railroads, however, were repaired, reorganized and operated again. Convict lease was a near continuation of slavery as charges were often only applied to people of African descent. Five-hundred African Americans were assigned to provide back breaking labor on

1032-576: The line had total trackage of 65.1 miles by the early 1920s. The line was leased to the New Orleans, Texas and Mexico Railway , operated by the Gulf Coast Lines , on February 1, 1911; but, the National Railway Labor Board ruled in the 1920s that the line was still independent of Gulf Coast Lines. By that time, sugar cane and sugar products, which had previously been a major commodity for the railroad, had ceased to be, due to closure of

1075-442: The northwest side of the city and renamed Coster. The 1850s-era Atlanta , Georgia shops were moved to the south side of the city in 1883. These were originally called South Shops but later renamed to Pegram. In 1907 a new terminal with medium repair capabilities was added to the north side of Atlanta. The modern and complete Spencer Shops, located 2.5 miles north of Salisbury, North Carolina , were opened in 1896. Another new shop site

1118-648: The rest was held through leases, operating agreements and stock ownership. Southern also controlled the Alabama Great Southern and the Georgia Southern and Florida , which operated separately, and it had an interest in the Central of Georgia . Additionally, the Southern Railway also agreed to lease the North Carolina Railroad Company, providing a critical connection from Virginia to the rest of

1161-568: The southeast via the Carolinas. Southern's first president, Samuel Spencer , brought more lines into Southern's organized system. During his 12-year term, the railway built new shops at Spencer, North Carolina , Knoxville, Tennessee , and Atlanta, Georgia , upgraded tracks, and purchased more equipment. He moved the company's service away from an agricultural dependence on tobacco and cotton and centered its efforts on diversifying traffic and industrial development. On November 29, 1906, Spencer

1204-699: The stock of the AGS. In 1881, this company gained control of the Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway , which continued north from Chattanooga to Cincinnati . A second English corporation, Alabama, New Orleans, Texas and Pacific Junction Railways Company , Limited, was created in 1881 to increase the funds available to purchase associated lines. It bought the Alabama Great Southern Railway Company, New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad , Vicksburg and Meridian Railway , and Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Railroad , but in 1890 control of

1247-531: The sugar mills in the area. That left truck farms , or large-scale market gardens , as about the line's only traffic. In 1952, Southern bought what was then a 15-mile line, running along the Mississippi River from New Orleans to Braithwaite, Louisiana . This article about transportation in Louisiana is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This United States rail–related article

1290-542: The territory of the AGS. The Queen and Crescent ran on its territory until its termination in 1949. The Birmingham Special ran on the AGS' Chattanooga to Birmingham segment until its discontinuance in 1970. The Pelican also ran on its entire length, lasting to 1970. The Southerner ran on its territory southwest of Birmingham until its termination in 1970. Today, Amtrak 's Crescent operates on its territory southwest of Birmingham. Louisiana Southern Railway The Louisiana Southern Railway Company (LS)

1333-485: The train north of Washington. By the late 1970s, growing revenue losses and equipment-replacement expenses convinced Southern it could not continue in the passenger business. It handed full control of its passenger routes to Amtrak in 1979. Presidents of the Southern Railway: To mark its 30th anniversary, Norfolk Southern painted 20 new locomotives with the paint schemes of predecessor railroads. GE ES44AC #8099

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1376-493: Was a railroad in southern Louisiana , chartered in 1897 as successor to several short lines which had operated along the Mississippi River , including Mississippi, Terre aux Boeuf, and Lake; New Orleans and Gulf; and New Orleans and Southern, that eventually became part of the Southern Railway system. The Railway was originally owned jointly by Franklin (Frank) Emery Prewett (1872-1936) and his half-brother, Granville Prewett (1896-1973). both of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Frank

1419-641: Was acquired and is now the BeltLine trail. Along with its famed Crescent and Southerner , the Southern's other named passenger trains included: The Southern Railway also handled ticket sales and operations for subsidiary railroads, such as: The Southern Railway also participated in the operation of the City of Miami , which was operated by the Southern Railway over the Central of Georgia trackage from Birmingham, Alabama , to Albany, Georgia , where it traded off with

1462-660: Was active in mechanization, used helper engines , is widely credited with inventing unit trains for coal and new freight cars, and understood the power of marketing using the promotional phrase "Southern Gives a Green Light to Innovation". In 1966, a popular steam locomotive excursion program was instituted under the presidency of W. Graham Claytor Jr. , and included Southern veteran locomotives No. 630 , No. 722 , No. 4501 , and Savannah & Atlanta No. 750 along with non-Southern locomotives such as Texas & Pacific No. 610 , Canadian Pacific No. 2839 , and Chesapeake & Ohio No. 2716 . The steam program continued after

1505-606: Was chartered in Alabama in December 1853 and Mississippi in February 1854, to extend from Meridian through Livingston , Eutaw , Tuscaloosa , and Elyton ( Birmingham ) in the direction of Knoxville, Tennessee . Both companies received land grants through a June 1856 federal law, assigned by Alabama in January 1858 to the North East and South West from Mississippi to near Gadsden and to

1548-636: Was completed in May 1871, creating a diagonal link across Alabama. However, due to nonpayment of interest on state bonds, the state of Alabama seized the property in mid-1871, and it was operated by other parties (including the president of the connecting New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad ) until November 1877, when it was reorganized as the Alabama Great Southern Railroad by Emile Erlanger and Company . Erlanger set up an English corporation, Alabama Great Southern Railway Company, Limited , to own

1591-404: Was completed to link both Charleston, South Carolina, and Memphis, Tennessee . The Western North Carolina Railroad was halted because voters were angry about that law allowed purchasers of private bonds to have the train tracks veer to their towns. The provision of the laws that allowed this was not repealed until Reconstruction . Rail expansion in the South was also halted with the start of

1634-518: Was established on the north side of Birmingham, Alabama near the Findley Yard in 1924, taking the place of two obsolete facilities. The Princeton, Indiana shops were built in 1890. After the railroad switched to diesel power, the primary repair shops were consolidated to Spencer and Pegram. The Southern Railway began dieselization in 1941, and was the largest all-diesel railroad when it retired its last steam locomotive in 1953. The Southern Railway

1677-408: Was killed in a train wreck. After the line from Meridian, Mississippi , to New Orleans, Louisiana , was acquired in 1916 under Southern's president Fairfax Harrison , the railroad had assembled the 8,000-mile, 13-state system that lasted for almost half a century. Additionally, Southern have operated 6,791 miles of road at the end of 1925, but its flock of subsidiaries added 1000+ more. In 1912,

1720-554: Was overextended, and came upon financial troubles in 1893, when control was lost to financier J. P. Morgan , who reorganized it into the Southern Railway System. Southern Railway came into existence in 1894 through the combination of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, the Richmond and Danville system and the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad . The company owned two-thirds of the 4,400 miles of line it operated, and

1763-517: Was the first to carry passengers, U.S. troops and mail on steam-powered trains and experimented with railroad lighting. They had a pine log fire on a flatcar , covered in sand, to provide light at night before inexpensive kerosene was invented for lamps. The Southern operated some of the largest heavy repair shops of any US southeastern railroad. The oldest shops were located in Knoxville , Tennessee, first built in 1855. In 1890 they were relocated to

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1806-517: Was the longest in the world. The company leased enslaved African Americans from plantation owners when free white people refused to work in the swamps. The company eventually purchased 89 people to work as slaves. As railroad fever struck other Southern states, networks gradually spread across the South and even across the Appalachian Mountains . By 1857, the Memphis and Charleston Railroad

1849-467: Was the son of Vernal Franklin Prewett (1841-1911), of West Virginia , then Tennessee , and his first wife, Susan C. Ross (c. 1850–1878). Granville was the son of Vernal Franklin Prewett and, apparently, his second spouse, Emma Lucy Ross. In 1907, the elder Prewett then married Ardelia (Della) Bowers, later Gooch (1868-1916). The main line was New Orleans to Bohemia, Louisiana , about 50 miles. However,

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