In biogeography , a native species is indigenous to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only local natural evolution (though often popularised as "with no human intervention") during history . The term is equivalent to the concept of indigenous or autochthonous species. A wild organism (as opposed to a domesticated organism) is known as an introduced species within the regions where it was anthropogenically introduced. If an introduced species causes substantial ecological, environmental, and/or economic damage, it may be regarded more specifically as an invasive species .
15-611: The Alabama Champion Tree Program is a listing of the largest known specimens of particular tree species, native or introduced , in the U.S. state of Alabama . It was established in 1970 by the Alabama Forestry Commission . The program was modeled on the National Register of Big Trees , started by the American Forests organization in 1940. The goal of Alabama's program
30-407: A continued mutualistic interaction with a certain animal pollinator , and the pollinating animal may also be dependent on that plant species for a food source. Many species have adapted to very limited, unusual, or harsh conditions, such as cold climates or frequent wildfires . Others can live in diverse areas or adapt well to different surroundings. The diversity of species across many parts of
45-422: A native ecological system disturbed by economic development or other events, they may be historically inaccurate, incomplete, or pay little or no attention to ecotype accuracy or type conversions. They may fail to restore the original ecological system by overlooking the basics of remediation. Attention paid to the historical distribution of native species is a crucial first step to ensure the ecological integrity of
60-414: A particular place. A native species may occur in areas other than the one under consideration. The terms endemic and native also do not imply that an organism necessarily first originated or evolved where it is currently found. Native species form communities and biological interactions with other specific flora, fauna, fungi, and other organisms. For example, some plant species can only reproduce with
75-425: Is much slower than human-caused climate change ) changes sea level, ice cover, temperature, and rainfall, driving direct changes in habitability and indirect changes through the presence of predators, competitors, food sources, and even oxygen levels . Species do naturally appear, reproduce, and endure, or become extinct, and their distribution is rarely static or confined to a particular geographic location. Moreover,
90-547: Is to record, heighten awareness of, and preserve the largest tree specimens in the state. It uses the same formula for recording tree specimens that was developed by American Forests. Former champions are removed from the list as new, larger, champions are identified and recorded. Although introduced species that have naturalized are generally eligible for the program, those species that the Alabama Invasive Plant Council considers to be invasive were removed from
105-562: The Society for Ecological Restoration , native plant societies, Wild Ones , and Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center encourage the use of native plants. The identification of local remnant natural areas provides a basis for this work. Many books have been written on the subject of planting native plants in home gardens. The use of cultivars derived from native species is a widely disputed practice among native plant advocates. When ecological restoration projects are undertaken to restore
120-538: The United States by state Trees of Northern America Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description with empty Wikidata description Native plants The notion of nativity is often a blurred concept, as it is a function of both time and political boundaries. Over long periods of time, local conditions and migratory patterns are constantly changing as tectonic plates move, join, and split. Natural climate change (which
135-470: The coastal dunes from Ocean Park to Malaga Cove in Palos Verdes , began to recover when the invasive California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum) was uprooted so that the butterflies' original native plant host, the dune buckwheat (Eriogonum parvifolium), could regain some of its lost habitat. Sideroxylon lycioides Bumelia lycioides Sideroxylon lycioides , the buckthorn bully ,
150-491: The distinction between native and non-native as being tied to a local occurrence during historical times has been criticised as lacking perspective, and a case was made for more graded categorisations such as that of prehistoric natives , which occurred in a region during prehistory but have since suffered local extinction there due to human involvement. A native species in a location is not necessarily also endemic to that location. Endemic species are exclusively found in
165-22683: The listing in 2011 and are no longer eligible. With the addition of 20 new specimens in 2011, the program had a total of 159 Champion Trees listed. Listings [ edit ] Key * Introduced/non-native species National Champion Tree on National Register of Big Trees Co-national Champion Tree on National Register of Big Trees Common name Species name Year added Trunk circumference Height Crown spread County Location / Visit alder, hazel Alnus serrulata 2001 19 in (48 cm) 25 ft (7.6 m) 29 ft (8.8 m) Baldwin ash, green Fraxinus pennsylvanica 2000 168 in (430 cm) 80 ft (24 m) 83 ft (25 m) Wilcox ash, white Fraxinus americana 2008 107 in (270 cm) 103 ft (31 m) 64 ft (20 m) Wilcox basswood Tilia spp. 2008 96 in (240 cm) 110 ft (34 m) 44 ft (13 m) Monroe bayberry, scentless Morella inodora 2000 15 in (38 cm) 27 ft (8.2 m) 16 ft (4.9 m) Baldwin beech, American Fagus grandifolia 2003 142 in (360 cm) 118 ft (36 m) 139 ft (42 m) Autauga birch, sweet Betula lenta 2008 53 in (130 cm) 53 ft (16 m) 36 ft (11 m) DeKalb blackgum Nyssa sylvatica 1988 128 in (330 cm) 108 ft (33 m) 49 ft (15 m) Elmore buckeye, yellow Aesculus flava 1994 86 in (220 cm) 125 ft (38 m) 54 ft (16 m) Madison bumelia, buckthorn Sideroxylon lycioides 2011 20 in (51 cm) 30 ft (9.1 m) 29 ft (8.8 m) Lauderdale bumelia, gum Sideroxylon lanuginosum 1994 51 in (130 cm) 45 ft (14 m) 34 ft (10 m) Blount burningbush Euonymus atropurpureus 2002 53 in (130 cm) 26 ft (7.9 m) 32 ft (9.8 m) Baldwin butternut Juglans cinerea 2011 103 in (260 cm) 60 ft (18 m) 67 ft (20 m) Jackson catalpa, southern Catalpa bignonioides 1994 202 in (510 cm) 58 ft (18 m) 67 ft (20 m) Perry catalpa, southern Catalpa bignonioides 2008 200 in (510 cm) 64 ft (20 m) 68 ft (21 m) Clay cedar, Atlantic white Chamaecyparis thyoides 2009 91 in (230 cm) 54 ft (16 m) 35 ft (11 m) Baldwin cherry, Alabama black Prunus alabamensis 2011 40 in (100 cm) 60 ft (18 m) 40 ft (12 m) Tuscaloosa cherry, black Prunus serotina 2009 140 in (360 cm) 71 ft (22 m) 79 ft (24 m) Madison cherry, Carolina laurel Prunus caroliniana 2008 14 in (36 cm) 37 ft (11 m) 44 ft (13 m) Colbert chestnut, American Castanea dentata 2009 35 in (89 cm) 58 ft (18 m) 32 ft (9.8 m) Hale chestnut, Chinese Castanea mollissima * 1998 138 in (350 cm) 65 ft (20 m) 77 ft (23 m) Coosa chinquapin, Allegheny Castanea pumila 2011 12 in (30 cm) 22 ft (6.7 m) 16 ft (4.9 m) Winston cottonwood, eastern Populus deltoides 2011 146 in (370 cm) 121 ft (37 m) 73 ft (22 m) Chambers cottonwood, swamp Populus heterophylla 2010 74 in (190 cm) 61 ft (19 m) 41 ft (12 m) Baldwin crabapple, southern Malus angustifolia 2002 59 in (150 cm) 39 ft (12 m) 27 ft (8.2 m) Montgomery crape myrtle, common Lagerstroemia indica * 2011 78 in (200 cm) 43 ft (13 m) 33 ft (10 m) Wilcox crape myrtle, common Lagerstroemia indica * 2008 78 in (200 cm) 40 ft (12 m) 38 ft (12 m) Shelby cypress, bald Taxodium distichum 1989 326 in (830 cm) 112 ft (34 m) 56 ft (17 m) Baldwin Via watercraft only. Tours Available cypress, pond Taxodium ascendens 2010 90 in (230 cm) 97 ft (30 m) 42 ft (13 m) Baldwin cyrilla, swamp Cyrilla racemiflora 1996 42 in (110 cm) 45 ft (14 m) 38 ft (12 m) Mobile devilwood Osmanthus americanus 2001 24 in (61 cm) 36 ft (11 m) 25 ft (7.6 m) Baldwin dogwood, flowering Cornus florida 2009 70 in (180 cm) 38 ft (12 m) 53 ft (16 m) Cleburne elm, American Ulmus americana 2008 185 in (470 cm) 97 ft (30 m) 82 ft (25 m) Walker elm, September Ulmus serotina 2011 59 in (150 cm) 94 ft (29 m) 49 ft (15 m) Lauderdale elm, Siberian Ulmus pumila * 1982 61 in (150 cm) 48 ft (15 m) 49 ft (15 m) Madison elm, slippery Ulmus rubra 2011 163 in (410 cm) 54 ft (16 m) 80 ft (24 m) Cullman elm, water Planera aquatica 1982 58 in (150 cm) 51 ft (16 m) 55 ft (17 m) Covington elm, winged Ulmus alata 1997 130 in (330 cm) 75 ft (23 m) 70 ft (21 m) Wilcox fringetree, white Chionanthus virginicus 2010 29 in (74 cm) 18 ft (5.5 m) 31 ft (9.4 m) Tuscaloosa hackberry, common Celtis occidentalis 2009 176 in (450 cm) 67 ft (20 m) 93 ft (28 m) Marshall hackberry, Georgia Celtis tenuifolia 2007 37 in (94 cm) 54 ft (16 m) 31 ft (9.4 m) Perry hawthorn, dotted Crataegus punctata 1994 13 in (33 cm) 26 ft (7.9 m) 18 ft (5.5 m) Madison hawthorn, littlehip Crataegus spathulata 2009 14 in (36 cm) 21 ft (6.4 m) 18 ft (5.5 m) DeKalb hemlock, eastern Tsuga canadensis 1992 157 in (400 cm) 130 ft (40 m) 44 ft (13 m) Winston Hercules-club Zanthoxylum clava-herculis 2007 43 in (110 cm) 43 ft (13 m) 33 ft (10 m) Dallas Hercules-club Zanthoxylum clava-herculis 2005 30 in (76 cm) 59 ft (18 m) 29 ft (8.8 m) Baldwin hickory, bitternut Carya cordiformis 2011 68 in (170 cm) 82 ft (25 m) 46 ft (14 m) Lauderdale hickory, mockernut Carya tomentosa 2008 100 in (250 cm) 97 ft (30 m) 86 ft (26 m) Jackson hickory, nutmeg Carya myristiciformis 2009 69 in (180 cm) 89 ft (27 m) 38 ft (12 m) Dallas hickory, pignut Carya glabra 1992 155 in (390 cm) 110 ft (34 m) 76 ft (23 m) Clarke hickory, red Carya ovalis 2004 36 in (91 cm) 85 ft (26 m) 38 ft (12 m) Perry hickory, sand Carya pallida 2010 85 in (220 cm) 76 ft (23 m) 23 ft (7.0 m) Cherokee hickory, shagbark Carya ovata 2008 92 in (230 cm) 119 ft (36 m) 67 ft (20 m) Etowah hickory, shellbark Carya laciniosa 2007 102 in (260 cm) 112 ft (34 m) 90 ft (27 m) Madison hickory, water Carya aquatica 2001 152 in (390 cm) 136 ft (41 m) 78 ft (24 m) Baldwin holly, American Ilex opaca 1987 126 in (320 cm) 50 ft (15 m) 47 ft (14 m) Chambers holly, dahoon Ilex cassine 2007 38 in (97 cm) 47 ft (14 m) 37 ft (11 m) Baldwin hophornbeam, eastern Ostrya virginiana 2008 37 in (94 cm) 55 ft (17 m) 39 ft (12 m) DeKalb hoptree Ptelea trifoliata 2011 15 in (38 cm) 16 ft (4.9 m) 17 ft (5.2 m) Jackson hornbeam, American Carpinus caroliniana 2011 31 in (79 cm) 56 ft (17 m) 38 ft (12 m) Bibb hornbeam, American Carpinus caroliniana 2008 41 in (100 cm) 46 ft (14 m) 37 ft (11 m) Baldwin locust, black Robinia pseudoacacia 1995 95 in (240 cm) 102 ft (31 m) 27 ft (8.2 m) Madison locust, honey Gleditsia triacanthos 2009 90 in (230 cm) 107 ft (33 m) 67 ft (20 m) Talladega magnolia, bigleaf Magnolia macrophylla 2008 60 in (150 cm) 85 ft (26 m) 44 ft (13 m) Monroe magnolia, cucumber Magnolia acuminata 1993 136 in (350 cm) 112 ft (34 m) 59 ft (18 m) Madison magnolia, pyramid Magnolia pyramidata 2011 41 in (100 cm) 92 ft (28 m) 24 ft (7.3 m) Wilcox magnolia, southern Magnolia grandiflora 1987 190 in (480 cm) 75 ft (23 m) 71 ft (22 m) Calhoun magnolia, sweetbay Magnolia virginiana 2010 140 in (360 cm) 91 ft (28 m) 63 ft (19 m) Baldwin magnolia, umbrella Magnolia tripetala 2011 27 in (69 cm) 45 ft (14 m) 20 ft (6.1 m) Calhoun maple, ashleaf Acer negundo 2011 150 in (380 cm) 60 ft (18 m) 17 ft (5.2 m) Jackson maple, chalk Acer leucoderme 2008 43 in (110 cm) 51 ft (16 m) 36 ft (11 m) Wilcox maple, Florida Acer floridanum 2010 80 in (200 cm) 82 ft (25 m) 32 ft (9.8 m) Lowndes maple, red Acer rubrum 2009 131 in (330 cm) 87 ft (27 m) 67 ft (20 m) Morgan maple, sugar Acer saccharum 2008 130 in (330 cm) 80 ft (24 m) 64 ft (20 m) Madison mayhaw Crataegus aestivalis 2007 20 in (51 cm) 20 ft (6.1 m) 22 ft (6.7 m) Baldwin mulberry, red Morus rubra 2009 254 in (650 cm) 60 ft (18 m) 50 ft (15 m) Choctaw mulberry, white Morus alba * 2007 195 in (500 cm) 38 ft (12 m) 53 ft (16 m) DeKalb oak, Arkansas Quercus arkansana 1991 43 in (110 cm) 55 ft (17 m) 39 ft (12 m) Autauga oak, black Quercus velutina 1992 242 in (610 cm) 80 ft (24 m) 94 ft (29 m) Macon oak, blackjack Quercus marilandica 1997 121 in (310 cm) 72 ft (22 m) 49 ft (15 m) Barbour oak, bluejack Quercus incana 1994 65 in (170 cm) 53 ft (16 m) 27 ft (8.2 m) Chilton oak, bluff Quercus austrina 200 96 in (240 cm) 92 ft (28 m) 47 ft (14 m) Baldwin oak, bur Quercus macrocarpa 1990 116 in (290 cm) 59 ft (18 m) 75 ft (23 m) Montgomery oak, cherrybark Quercus pagoda 1999 248 in (630 cm) 115 ft (35 m) 144 ft (44 m) Bibb oak, chinkapin Quercus muehlenbergii 2011 136 in (350 cm) 133 ft (41 m) 82 ft (25 m) Lauderdale oak, darlington Quercus hemisphaerica 2009 243 in (620 cm) 95 ft (29 m) 102 ft (31 m) Hale oak, Durand Quercus sinuata var. sinuata 2020 180 in (460 cm) 90 ft (27 m) 95 ft (29 m) Greene oak, laurel Quercus laurifolia 2010 285 in (720 cm) 95 ft (29 m) 127 ft (39 m) Marengo oak, live Quercus virginiana 2013 363 in (920 cm) 82 ft (25 m) 136 ft (41 m) Mobile Intersection of Highway 43 & Dead Lake Road oak, myrtle Quercus myrtifolia 2007 26 in (66 cm) 35 ft (11 m) 30 ft (9.1 m) Baldwin oak, northern red Quercus rubra 2009 127 in (320 cm) 125 ft (38 m) 93 ft (28 m) Marion oak, nuttall Quercus texana 2000 178 in (450 cm) 114 ft (35 m) 102 ft (31 m) Madison oak, overcup Quercus lyrata 1984 247 in (630 cm) 139 ft (42 m) 109 ft (33 m) Marengo oak, post Quercus stellata 2010 195 in (500 cm) 88 ft (27 m) 79 ft (24 m) Montgomery oak, post Quercus stellata 2010 194 in (490 cm) 86 ft (26 m) 84 ft (26 m) Coosa oak, sand live Quercus geminata 1998 185 in (470 cm) 56 ft (17 m) 104 ft (32 m) Mobile oak, sand post Quercus margaretta 1982 106 in (270 cm) 68 ft (21 m) 83 ft (25 m) Covington oak, sawtooth Quercus acutissima * 1997 90 in (230 cm) 101 ft (31 m) 97 ft (30 m) Barbour oak, scarlet Quercus coccinea 2011 168 in (430 cm) 115 ft (35 m) 94 ft (29 m) Jackson oak, shingle Quercus imbricaria 2004 152 in (390 cm) 68 ft (21 m) 102 ft (31 m) Lawrence oak, shumard Quercus shumardii 2008 234 in (590 cm) 90 ft (27 m) 117 ft (36 m) Bullock oak, southern red Quercus falcata 1987 329 in (840 cm) 73 ft (22 m) 106 ft (32 m) Pike oak, swamp chestnut Quercus michauxii 2007 280 in (710 cm) 120 ft (37 m) 113 ft (34 m) Cleburne oak, swamp white oak Quercus bicolor 2007 119 in (300 cm) 90 ft (27 m) 30 ft (9.1 m) Madison oak, white Quercus alba 2003 210 in (530 cm) 100 ft (30 m) 110 ft (34 m) Montgomery oak, willow Quercus phellos 2004 251 in (640 cm) 68 ft (21 m) 86 ft (26 m) Marshall osage-orange Maclura pomifera 1990 284 in (720 cm) 88 ft (27 m) 67 ft (20 m) Greene pawpaw, common Asimina triloba 1997 31 in (79 cm) 55 ft (17 m) 10 ft (3.0 m) Randolph pear, European Pyrus communis * 2003 77 in (200 cm) 57 ft (17 m) 40 ft (12 m) Chilton pecan Carya illinoinensis 1999 228 in (580 cm) 118 ft (36 m) 134 ft (41 m) Conecuh persimmon, American Diospyros virginiana 2003 80 in (200 cm) 122 ft (37 m) 47 ft (14 m) Lauderdale pine, loblolly Pinus taeda 1998 169 in (430 cm) 134 ft (41 m) 91 ft (28 m) Bullock pine, pond Pinus serotina 2000 98 in (250 cm) 128 ft (39 m) 45 ft (14 m) Barbour pine, sand Pinus clausa 2008 60 in (150 cm) 45 ft (14 m) 33 ft (10 m) Baldwin pine, shortleaf Pinus echinata 2008 129 in (330 cm) 91 ft (28 m) 56 ft (17 m) Madison pine, slash Pinus elliottii 2010 95 in (240 cm) 72 ft (22 m) 49 ft (15 m) Baldwin pine, spruce Pinus glabra 1996 147 in (370 cm) 125 ft (38 m) 86 ft (26 m) Russell pine, Virginia Pinus virginiana 2009 71 in (180 cm) 93 ft (28 m) 31 ft (9.4 m) DeKalb plum, American Prunus americana 2007 26 in (66 cm) 19 ft (5.8 m) 22 ft (6.7 m) Elmore plum, Chickasaw Prunus angustifolia 2007 19 in (48 cm) 17 ft (5.2 m) 19 ft (5.8 m) Baldwin plum, flatwoods Prunus umbellata 2010 20 in (51 cm) 22 ft (6.7 m) 25 ft (7.6 m) Baldwin privet, eastern swamp Forestiera acuminata 1995 19 in (48 cm) 36 ft (11 m) 24 ft (7.3 m) Madison redbud, eastern Cercis canadensis 2000 86 in (220 cm) 36 ft (11 m) 34 ft (10 m) Limestone red-cedar, eastern Juniperus virginiana 1979 169 in (430 cm) 51 ft (16 m) 30 ft (9.1 m) Wilcox red-cedar, southern Juniperus silicicola 2001 167 in (420 cm) 50 ft (15 m) 45 ft (14 m) Baldwin sassafras Sassafras albidum 1992 140 in (360 cm) 67 ft (20 m) 36 ft (11 m) Dallas serviceberry, downy Amelanchier arborea 2009 24 in (61 cm) 40 ft (12 m) 18 ft (5.5 m) DeKalb silverbell, Carolina Halesia carolina 2011 42 in (110 cm) 63 ft (19 m) 39 ft (12 m) Randolph silverbell, two-winged Halesia diptera 1998 40 in (100 cm) 78 ft (24 m) 33 ft (10 m) Wilcox smoketree, American Cotinus obovatus 2010 58 in (150 cm) 64 ft (20 m) 37 ft (11 m) Madison sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum 2009 65 in (170 cm) 87 ft (27 m) 39 ft (12 m) Marion sparkleberry Vaccinium arboreum 2007 47 in (120 cm) 28 ft (8.5 m) 41 ft (12 m) Choctaw sugarberry Celtis laevigata 1994 221 in (560 cm) 82 ft (25 m) 36 ft (11 m) Barbour sumac, smooth Rhus glabra 2011 12 in (30 cm) 21 ft (6.4 m) 11 ft (3.4 m) Jackson sweetgum, American Liquidambar styraciflua 1990 161 in (410 cm) 75 ft (23 m) 66 ft (20 m) Coosa sweetgum, American Liquidambar styraciflua 2011 135 in (340 cm) 95 ft (29 m) 86 ft (26 m) Montgomery sweetleaf Symplocos tinctoria 2009 25 in (64 cm) 63 ft (19 m) 20 ft (6.1 m) Marion sycamore, American Platanus occidentalis 2010 182 in (460 cm) 115 ft (35 m) 102 ft (31 m) Montgomery tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera 1974 252 in (640 cm) 153 ft (47 m) 73 ft (22 m) Lawrence tupelo, water Nyssa aquatica 2007 237 in (600 cm) 112 ft (34 m) 88 ft (27 m) Madison walnut, eastern black Juglans nigra 1973 199 in (510 cm) 76 ft (23 m) 97 ft (30 m) Colbert willow, black Salix nigra 2009 144 in (370 cm) 74 ft (23 m) 66 ft (20 m) Perry yellowwood, American Cladrastis kentukea 2010 28 in (71 cm) 48 ft (15 m) 28 ft (8.5 m) Jackson References [ edit ] ^ "Champion Trees of Alabama 2012" (PDF) . Alabama Forestry Commission . State of Alabama. Archived from
SECTION 10
#1733086028825180-577: The original (PDF) on May 13, 2014 . Retrieved March 13, 2013 . ^ Kirkman, L. Katherine; Brown, Claude L.; Leopold, Donald J. (2007). Native Trees of the Southeast . Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-828-0 . ^ "Champion Tree Program" . Alabama Forestry Commission . State of Alabama . Retrieved April 26, 2012 . ^ "New Champion Trees for 2011 Announced by Alabama Forestry Commission" . Alabama Media Portal . State of Alabama. Archived from
195-421: The original on December 13, 2011 . Retrieved April 26, 2012 . ^ "Durand Oak (Quercus sinuata var. sinuata)" . American Forests . 2020-09-30 . Retrieved 2021-03-25 . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alabama_Champion_Tree_Program&oldid=1191425213 " Categories : Alabama-related lists Flora of Alabama Lists of trees Lists of flora of
210-698: The project. For example, to prevent erosion of the recontoured sand dunes at the western edge of the Los Angeles International Airport in 1975, landscapers stabilized the backdunes with a "natural" seed mix (Mattoni 1989a). Unfortunately, the seed mix was representative of coastal sage scrub , an exogenous plant community, instead of the native dune scrub community. As a result, the El Segundo blue butterfly (Euphilotes battoides allyni) became an endangered species. The El Segundo blue butterfly population, which had once extended over 3200 acres along
225-1040: The world exists only because bioregions are separated by barriers, particularly large rivers , seas , oceans , mountains , and deserts . Humans can introduce species that have never met in their evolutionary history, on varying time scales ranging from days to decades (Long, 1981; Vermeij, 1991). Humans are moving species across the globe at an unprecedented rate. Those working to address invasive species view this as an increased risk to native species. As humans introduce species to new locations for cultivation, or transport them by accident, some of them may become invasive species, damaging native communities. Invasive species can have profound effects on ecosystems by changing ecosystem structure, function, species abundance , and community composition. Besides ecological damage, these species can also damage agriculture, infrastructure, and cultural assets. Government agencies and environmental groups are directing increasing resources to addressing these species. Native plant organizations such as
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