Misplaced Pages

#119880

91-526: Al Youm is a three-hour prime time news magazine that airs 'commercial free' five days a week on the Alhurra network, a United States –based public Arabic-language satellite TV channel. The show Airs simultaneously from five sets in three continents. It is generated live each day from Dubai , Beirut , Jerusalem , Cairo and Virginia . According to the March issue of 'Emirates Business 24-7', recent surveys of

182-555: A certain independence from the government, with the increase in military control over the institutions ended up becoming a simple propaganda weapon of the State. For a brief period in the aftermath of Japan's surrender, the occupied government banned television research in 1945, but was lifted in July 1946. Takayanagi joined the Victor Company of Japan to continue research on his own end, while

273-410: A combined mechanical Nipkow disk and electronic Braun tube system. In 1926, he demonstrated a CRT television with 40-line resolution , the first working example of a fully electronic television receiver. In 1927, he increased the television resolution to 100 lines, which was unrivaled until 1931. In 1928, he was the first to transmit human faces in half-tones on television. In the same period

364-693: A consortium formed by Sony , Panasonic , Sharp , Toshiba and Hitachi that Japan entered the Internet TV market forcefully. The large-scale diffusion of the Internet has led to the formation of a generation gap in which older people spend more time in front of a television compared to younger people, who spend more time online rather than with any other type of media. Especially among teenagers, video sharing or video on demand services such as Niconico , Yahoo! Douga and GyaO. There are seven and eight national television networks across Japan – two owned by

455-564: A daily newscast at 19:00. In Ireland , prime starts at 18:30 and ends at 22:00. In Italy , prime time (called "prima serata") starts between 21:00 and 21:45 (main channels, including RTV) and ends between 23:30 and 00:30. On Friday and Saturday night, some shows last until 06:30–07:00. It usually follows news and, on some networks (like Rai 1 and Canale 5 ), a slot called "access prime time". Shows, movies, and sport events are usually shown during prime time. Much like in Germany, prime time in

546-550: A daily newscast from 19:00 to 20:00. Also, many private broadcasters have daily newscasts either before or after the HTY newscast, at around 20.05, followed by the start of their own prime time. Many broadcasters without daily newscasts start their prime time at 20:00. Prime time generally ends between 22:00 and 23:00, followed by the late night edition of the network newscast and adult-oriented programming. In Denmark , prime time starts at 20:00. In Finland , prime time starts at 21:00. It

637-465: A new era began, with the public broadcaster Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (since then better identified by its English acronym NHK) on one side and commercial broadcasters financed by advertising revenue on the other. In 1948 NHK had resumed its research program but since then no great progress had been made in the effective provision of the service to the public. On May 26, 1951, the House of Representatives requested

728-729: A nickname of a strip of holidays, known as Golden Week . Prime time usually takes place from 19:00 until 22:00. After that, programs classified as "PG" (Parental Guidance) are allowed to be broadcast. Frontline dramas appear during this time slot in Cantonese , as well as movies in English. In India , prime time occurs between 20:00 and 23:30. Usually, programmes during prime time are domestic dramas, talent shows and reality shows. Prime time usually takes place from 16:00 to 0:00 in Indonesian time zones , and sinetrons ( soap operas ) dominate majority of

819-417: A second prime time, running from 14:30–17:00 which coincides with the extended Spanish lunch break . Shows airing in the secondary prime time period on many occasions beat those prime-time shows at night on a daily basis. The second prime time occurs only on weekdays, though and the slot is usually filled with The Simpsons , news , soap operas and talk shows . In Sweden , prime time starts at 20:00. It

910-551: A second transponder malfunctioned three months after launch (May 3, 1984). So, the scheduled satellite broadcasting had to be hastily adjusted to test broadcasting on a single channel. Later, NHK started regular service ( NTSC ) and experimental HDTV broadcasting using BS-2b in June 1989. Some Japanese producers of home electronic consumer devices began to deliver TV sets , VCRs and even home acoustic systems equipped with built-in satellite tuners or receivers . Such electronic goods had

1001-528: A single large tower capable of transmitting the signal throughout the region. In 1958 the Tokyo Tower was inaugurated, symbol of the period of great economic growth which affected Japan in those years. At the time of the first regular broadcasts in 1953, there were only 3,000 television sets. The year following the royal wedding of Crown Prince Akihito in 1959, the number of sets had increased to 12 million. Local television stations appeared successively on

SECTION 10

#1733085204120

1092-458: A specific BS logo. In April 1991, Japanese company JSB started a pay TV service while BS-3 communication satellite was in use. An estimated two million viewers tuned to NHK's two-channel satellite television broadcasts in 1992. In 1996, the total number of households that received satellite broadcasting exceeded 10 million. The modern two satellite systems in use in Japan are BSAT and JCSAT;

1183-406: A video receiver capable of reproducing images with a resolution of 441 lines at 30 frames per second, the best on the market at the time. After the first broadcasts via radio , which became a reality in the second half of the 1920s, the creation of a central institution for the management of radio broadcasting services that could reach the entire national territory became increasingly urgent. At

1274-517: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Prime time In Bangladesh , the 19:00-to-22:00 time slot is known as prime time . Several national broadcasters, like Maasranga Television , Gazi TV, Channel 9, and Channel i, broadcast their prime-time shows from 20:00 to 23:00 after their primetime news at 19:00. During Islamic holidays , most of the television stations broadcast their specially-produced shows and world television premieres starting from 15:00 to midnight. During Ramadan ,

1365-456: Is also a "midnight prime time" during suhur while the month of Ramadan is commencing. It takes place from 02:00 (or 02:30 in some channels) and ends at the Fajr prayer call, which varies in timing between 04:30 and 05:00. The time slot is usually filled with entertainment and religious programming. In Iraq , prime time runs from 20:00 to 23:00. The main news programs are broadcast at 20:00 and

1456-595: Is capable of receiving live television broadcasts, are mandated to hold a television license , with funds primarily used to subsidize NHK , the Japanese public service broadcaster . The fee varies from ¥12,276 to ¥21,765 (reduced to ¥10,778 to ¥20,267 for households residing in Okinawa Prefecture ) depending on the method and timing of payment, and on whether one receives only terrestrial television or also satellite broadcasts. Households on welfare may be excused from

1547-702: Is from 8:00   pm to 11:00   pm. It is preceded by daily newscasts; Dnevnik RTV SLO (7:00   pm – 8:00   pm) on TV SLO 1, 24ur (6:55   pm – 8:00   pm) on POP TV, Svet na Kanalu A (6:00   pm – 7:00   pm; 7:50   pm–8:0pm), and Danes (7:30   pm – 8:00   pm) on Planet TV. In Spain , prime time refers to the time period in which the most-watched shows are broadcast. Prime time in Spain starts quite late when compared to most nations as it runs from 22:30 till 01:00. Most news programmes in Spain air at 21:00 for an hour and prime time follows. However, due to fierce competition, especially among

1638-617: Is preceded by a daily newscast ( Dnevnik ) at 19:00 and followed by a late night newscast ( Vijesti ) at 22:00. In Bulgaria , prime time starts at 20:00 every day (including weekends). Usually, the programmes aired are Bulgarian or Turkish series and reality shows, followed by a late newscast. The Bulgarian National Television broadcasts Po Sveta i u Nas at 20:00 and shows cultural and political programmes from 21:00 to 22:00, with series and late-night news following at 23:00. In Croatia , prime time starts between 20:00 and 20:15. Croatian public broadcaster Hrvatska radiotelevizija broadcasts

1729-563: Is preceded by a daily newscast at 19:30 and local news at 19:50. In Ukraine , prime time ( Ukrainian : прайм-тайм, найкращий час ) runs from 18:30 to 21:30 on working days and from 15:00 to 01:00 on holidays. In the UK , prime time (also known as peak time ) runs from 19:00 to 23:00. Television in Japan Television in Japan was introduced in 1939. However, experiments date back to

1820-409: Is preceded by a daily newscast at 19:30. On TVN , the newscast is aired at 19:00, followed by the newsmagazine Uwaga at 19:50 (weekdays) or 19:45 (weekends), and then the soap opera Na Wspólnej at 20:05 (Monday to Thursday) or 20:00 (Friday to Sunday), various movies on Fridays, serials or films (winter and summer) on Saturdays, and programmes or films (winter and summer) on Sundays. On Polsat ,

1911-432: Is preceded by a daily newscast at 20:30. In France prime time starts at 21:10 (20:35 in the 1980s, 20:50 in the 1990s and 2000s, 21:05 in the 2010s). In Georgia , prime time starts between 18:45 and 20:00 and generally ends at midnight. However, on Friday night / Saturday morning, prime time usually continues until 1:00. At 20:00 each evening, Das Erste (The First), Germany 's oldest public television network, airs

SECTION 20

#1733085204120

2002-445: Is preceded by daily news programmes at 18:30. At weekends, prime time begins at 19:00, with blockbuster movies and television shows. Before 15 March 2015, the public television station M1 began its prime time with a game show at 18:30, which was followed by the daily news programme Híradó at 19:30. After the news, the channel broadcast American and other series, talk shows, magazines, and news programmes until 22:00, after which came

2093-492: Is the umbrella organisation representing 600 member companies involved in research, designing, manufacturing, installation and maintenance of cable television facilities in Japan. The medium-scale Broadcasting Satellite for Experimental Purposes (BSE) was planned by Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MOPT) and developed by the National Space Development Agency of Japan ( NASDA ) since 1974. After that,

2184-624: The Americas do not affect the domestic prime-time programmes but only during daytime. In Pakistan , prime time is from 19:00 to 00:00 Pakistan Standard Time . During this time the majority of the local channels broadcast their most popular shows. However, state channels broadcast Khabarnama (New Bulletin) from past many decades. Like other Muslim-majority nations , during Ramadan , the broadcasters also air special religious and cooking shows starting from 14:00 to 19:00/19:30 with "Ramadan" special programs airing from 19:30/20:00 to 21:30/22:00 affecting

2275-502: The Katakana character イ in December 1926. In 1928 his research took a further breakthrough, when he managed to reproduce an image of a person with a resolution of 40 lines at a refresh rate of 14 frames per second . In the 1930s Takayanagi and his research team developed a fully electronic television system using a revised version of the iconoscope . This was followed by the invention of

2366-605: The MUSE compression system. However, it took several years before this technology was adopted globally, mainly due to incompatibility with the standards used in the United States and Europe . In the 1980s, the large-scale diffusion of television sets, which had now become universal objects in Japanese homes, also began to have a certain impact on a social level, contributing to loosening family ties and consequently making family members more independent from each other. This also affected

2457-591: The Middle East done by companies like ACNielsen place Alhurra's viewership at 26-million adults a week. Its format has been described as 'a really big show', 'unusual', the first of its kind to air in the Middle East, According to Broadcasting Board of Governors Joaquin Blaya and executive producer Fran Mires . The show is hosted by Egyptian TV Presenter, Bassel Sabri. This news magazine or journal-related article

2548-602: The NTSC television standard, chosen for its ability to make color content available even for owners of a black and white television set. Color programming initially focused on foreign films, time-delayed sporting events, and short educational programs, due to the inadequacy of television stations' equipment. In 1964 the networks worked to broadcast the 1964 Summer Olympics which would have taken place in Tokyo in October of that year, relying on

2639-519: The Netherlands usually begins at 20:30 in order to not compete with Nederlanse Omroep Stichting 's flagship 20:00 newscast. In Norway , prime time starts at 19:45. On the NRK1 channel it is preceded by the daily newscast Dagsrevyen at 19:00. Locally, prime time is called beste sendetid (lit. "best time for broadcasting"). In Poland , prime time starts around 20:00 (sometimes 20:30). On TVP1 , it

2730-474: The Philippines , prime-time blocks usually run from 17:00 to 23:00 on weekdays, and 17:30 to 23:30 on weekends. The weekday prime-time blocks usually consists of local Philippine television drama (soap operas) and foreign television series. The network's highest-rated programs are usually aired right after the evening newscast at 18:30 or 20:00, while a foreign series (usually a Korean Drama ) usually airs before

2821-671: The Science & Technology Research Laboratories (STRL) with the aim of developing a television set in the wake of the inventions of Paul Gottlieb Nipkow and Vladimir Zworykin . Meanwhile in Europe , the first regular test broadcasts were being conducted, with Germany ready to broadcast the imminent Berlin Olympics of 1936. The following year, it was decided that the Giochi were to be held in Tokyo , and

Al Youm - Misplaced Pages Continue

2912-613: The geostationary satellite Syncom 3 for the live television broadcast. The latter, however, was not the first satellite to have transmitted a television program across the Pacific Ocean , as the Relay 1 satellite transmitted the first program from the USA to Japan in November 1963, on the occasion of the assassination of President Kennedy . Events of such magnitude and general interest, as well as

3003-431: The internet . GAlready in 2008, NHK inaugurated its subscription service NHK On Demand (now known as NHK+) for the online viewing of programs that were previously shown on terrestrial television. In January 2014, Nippon TV launched a free service that allowed viewers to watch programs online up to a week after the original air date. TBS then followed with the launch of a similar service in October 2014. In 2015, to counter

3094-437: The 1920s, with Kenjiro Takayanagi 's pioneering experiments in electronic television . Television broadcasting was halted by World War II , after which regular television broadcasting began in 1950. After Japan developed the first HDTV systems in the 1960s, MUSE/Hi-Vision was introduced in the 1970s. A modified version of the NTSC system for analog signals, called NTSC-J , was used for analog broadcast between 1950 and

3185-426: The 1980s, cable television in Japan was mainly limited to rural mountainous areas and outlying islands where the reception of terrestrial television was poor. Cable television started to proliferate in urban areas in the late 1980s, beginning with Tokyo , whose first cable television station began broadcasting in 1987. Only one percent of Japanese households were able to receive cable TV in 1992. This posed issues to

3276-632: The 333m Tokyo Tower was in fact insufficient to adequately cover the Kantō area with the digital terrestrial signal. For this reason, another 634m high tower was built, the Tokyo Skytree , inaugurated in 2012 in the Sumida ward. The total digitalization of television in Japan radically changed the traditional radio broadcasting model, leading the main private broadcasters, satellite platforms and telecommunications companies to offer their programs via paid services on

3367-513: The NHK resumed theirs in November. Takayanagi played a central role in jointly developing television broadcasting technology and television receivers with NHK, Sharp, and Toshiba. After the war, the occupation forces removed all government and military control over the Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai. In 1950, following a reform of the Japanese broadcasting system, it became an independent company supported by

3458-575: The STRL was put in charge of the event's television project. Takayanagi himself and other leading engineers of the time took part in the program and, although the Olympics were officially canceled in July 1938, television research continued, fueled by the zeal of those involved in the project. On May 13, 1939 an experimental television signal was broadcast from the STRL antenna at the new Broadcasting Hall in Uchisaiwaichō , located 13 km away. This represented

3549-584: The VHF band, paving way to the first networks, in which a syndication exchange between the five oldest KRT-affiliated stations of the time led to the creation of the Japan News Network , which was formalized on August 1, 1959. The last VHF commercial station to sign on was Tokyo 12 Channel in 1964. Precisely the economic well-being after the Second World War and the lowering of television prices were among

3640-461: The behest of the Ministry of Communications the local stations of Tokyo , Osaka and Nagoya were thus merged in 1926 into a single national organization called Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai . Right after its creation, four other stations were created in other regions, namely Hokkaidō , Tōhoku , Chūgoku and Kyūshū , whose first broadcasts took place in November 1928. In 1930 the Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai founded

3731-556: The broadcasters also air special religious and cooking shows starting from 14:00 to 20:00. affecting the primetime hours. Late-night talk shows are also aired from 01:00 to 04:00, except during Ramadan. Religious shows are also broadcast simultaneously from 01:00, along with talk shows and news analysis. In television in China , the 19:00-to-22:00 time slot is known as Golden Time ( Traditional Chinese : 黄金時間; Simplified Chinese : 黄金时间; Pinyin : Huángjīn shíjiān). The term also influenced

Al Youm - Misplaced Pages Continue

3822-585: The commercial channel Sat.1 suffered a significant loss of audience share when it tried moving the start of its prime time to 20:00. In Greece , prime time runs from 21:00 (usually following the news) to midnight. In Hungary , prime time on weekdays on the two big commercial stations ( RTL and TV2 ) starts at 19:00 with game shows, tabloid, and docu-reality programmes. At 21:00, two popular soap operas air: Barátok közt and Jóban Rosszban , which follows at 21:30. American and other series, movies, talk-shows, and magazines run until 23:30. The prime-time lineup

3913-460: The country's most-watched news broadcast, the main edition of the Tagesschau , which is also simulcast on most of its other specialist and regional channels (The Third). The conclusion of the bulletin 15 minutes later marks the beginning of prime time, as it has since the 1950s. In consequence, most other channels—public and private alike—also choose to start their prime time at 20:15. In the 1990s,

4004-542: The current Japanese broadcasting law. However, the switch-over was delayed in Fukushima, Miyagi, and Iwate prefectures, due to a desire to reduce the inconvenience of those affected most by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and subsequent Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster . In those areas, analog broadcasting ended on March 31, 2012. Cable television was introduced to Japan in 1955, in Shibukawa , Gunma Prefecture . Until

4095-410: The daily news magazine Este and the late edition of Híradó . From 15 March 2015, Duna began broadcasting all of the entertainment programming transferred to it from that date from M1, meaning that prime time on Duna now begins at 18:00, starting with the simulcast of the 18:00 edition of Híradó from the newly re-launched news channel, M1. In Iceland , prime time starts at 19:30. It is preceded by

4186-467: The determining factors in the diffusion of television at a national level, which led it to quickly become one of the material goods of greatest importance for Japanese families together with the refrigerator and the washing machine . After the United States and Cuba , Japan was the third country in the world to introduce color television . The first broadcasts began on September 10, 1960 using

4277-631: The early 2010s. The analog broadcast in Japan was replaced with a digital broadcasts using the ISDB standard. ISDB supersedes both the NTSC-J analog television system and the previously used MUSE Hi-vision analog HDTV system in Japan. Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) services using ISDB-T ( ISDB-T International ) started in Japan in December 2003, and since then, Japan adopted ISDB over other digital broadcasting standards. All Japanese households having at least one television set , or any device that

4368-485: The eleven channels had less than 30,000 subscribers, far fewer than Wowow's 1.6 million subscribers. Programming was mostly limited to sports, news and old movies. The lack of programming and the downfall in the Japanese film industry were primary obstacles for the development of cable networks. In the mid-1990s, two-way multichannel cable television platforms first appeared in the market; broadband internet services started being bundled to cable television subscriptions in

4459-399: The end of 1956, NHK had perfected its television broadcasting network, reaching, in addition to Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka (these last two started broadcasting in 1954), also Sapporo and Fukuoka , as well as the smaller citires of Sendai and Hiroshima . In Kantō region , although each commercial station had installed its own transmitting antennas, the government launched a proposal to build

4550-409: The end of March 1954 there were only 17,000 subscribers compared to more than eleven million radio listeners. To overcome this problem, televisions were installed in city centres, in train stations and in parks, attracting large numbers of people and helping to spread television culture in the country. In the second half of the 1950s, KRT , Fuji TV and NET signed on, joining the existing NTV. By

4641-474: The engineer Kenjiro Takayanagi also turned his interest to television studies after having learned about the new technology in a French magazine. He developed a system similar to that of John Logie Baird , using the Nipkow disk to scan the subject and generate electrical signals. But unlike Baird, Takayanagi took the important step of using a cathode ray tube to display the received signal, successfully reproducing

SECTION 50

#1733085204120

4732-464: The entry of Netflix and Amazon Video into the Japanese market, the main commercial networks based in Tokyo struck a deal by jointly launching the free TVer website. In the IPTV sector the Japanese internet service providers have been offering their customers the opportunity to use TV-related services via the Internet since the early 2000s, but it was thanks to the launch of the acTVila portal in 2007 by

4823-468: The evening and ends at 23:00. In Austria , prime time usually starts at 20:15 after the news broadcast of ORF 1 . Even though ORF2 has its news from 19:30 to 20:00, they also start broadcasting prime time content at 20:15. The same applies for nearly all channels seated in Austria or Germany that are broadcast in Austria. In Bosnia and Herzegovina , prime time starts at 20:00 and finishes at 22:00. It

4914-474: The evening newscast or precedes the late night newscast. On weekends, non-scripted programming such as comedy series, talent shows, reality shows and current affairs shows air in prime time. For the minor networks, prime time consists of American television series on weekdays, with encores of those shows on weekends. Prime time originally started earlier at around 19:00, but the evening newscasts were lengthened to 90 minutes and now start at 18:30, instead of

5005-467: The evening. Taiwanese drama series played then are called 8 o'clock series and are expected to have high viewer ratings. Also, the evening news usually start from 18:00 or 19:00. In Thailand , prime time dramas (ละคร; lakhon) air from 20:30 to 22:30. Most dramas are soap operas . Prime time dramas are popular and influential to Thai society. In Vietnam , prime time is also known as Golden Time ( Vietnamese : Giờ vàng ). Prime time starts at 20:00 in

5096-508: The family comedy Yūge-mae (Before Supper) , the first dorama in history, broadcast live in four episodes over three nights ) saw the light, laying the foundations for the development of the television and electronics industry after the Second World War. During the conflict, however, research on television equipment was suspended and electrotechnical companies gave way to the production of weapons, ammunition and other products for war use. Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai itself, which until then had maintained

5187-462: The first Japanese experimental broadcasting satellite, called BSE or Yuri , was launched in 1978. NHK started experimental broadcasting of TV program using BS-2a satellite in May 1984. The satellite BS-2a was launched in preparation for the start of full scale 2-channel broadcasts. Broadcasting Satellite BS-2a was the first national DBS (direct broadcasting satellite), transmitting signals directly into

5278-474: The first public television experiment conducted through the use of radio waves in Japan. The experiments continued until the end of the decade. Existing equipment was improved and new lighting systems were created along with smaller, lighter cameras to capture moving images. An all-electronic system was adopted in the 1930s using a domestically developed iconoscope system. A variety of productions such as films, variety shows, musical shows and TV dramas (such as

5369-459: The five human senses" in 1964, after the Tokyo Olympics. NHK set out to create an HDTV system that ended up scoring much higher in subjective tests than NTSC's previously dubbed "HDTV". This new system, NHK Color, created in 1972, included 1,125 lines, a 5:3 aspect ratio and 60 Hz refresh rate. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE), headed by Charles Ginsburg, became

5460-537: The formers' production skills. Eventually the film companies lost money. The first UHF television station to go on air in Japan was the Tokushima station of NHK Educational TV , on February 20, 1968. In 1973, the Space Activities Commission launched the experimental satellite transmission program, entrusting its development to NASDA and management to NHK. Five years later, the first Japanese satellite

5551-399: The government's authorization to finally start television broadcasts in the country and on October 2 of the same year the private broadcaster Nippon Television (NTV) obtained the broadcasting license, preceding NHK by a few months. The latter began its regular television programming on February 1, 1953, broadcasting for approximately seven hours from 2 to 8:45 in the evening; On August 28 of

SECTION 60

#1733085204120

5642-977: The highest-rated television program airs at 21:00. In Japanese television , prime time runs from 19:00 to 23:00. Especially, the 19:00-to-22:00 time slot is also known as Golden Time ( ゴールデン・タイム , gōruden taimu , or just Golden ) . The term also influenced a nickname of a strip of holidays in Japan known as Golden Week . Malaysia prime time starts with the main news from 20:00 to 20:30 (now 20:00 to 21:00) and ends either at 23:00 or 1:00, or possibly later. Usually, programmes during prime time are domestic dramas, foreign drama series (mostly American), films, and entertainment programmes. Programmes classified as 18 are not allowed to be broadcast before 10:00 p.m., but on Radio Televisyen Malaysia , most programmes on this slot are rated U (U means Umum in Malay and literally General Viewing or General Audiences in English) throughout

5733-470: The home of TV viewers. Attitude control of the satellite was conducted using the 3-axial method (zero momentum), and design life was five years. The TV transponder units are designed to sufficiently amplify transmitted signals to enable reception by small, 40 or 60 cm home-use parabolic antennas . The satellite was equipped with three TV transponders (including reserve units). However, one transponder malfunctioned two months after launch (March 23, 1984) and

5824-751: The late 1980s. The old system is not compatible with the new digital standards. Japanese terrestrial broadcasting of HD via ISDB-T started on December 1, 2003, in the Tokyo , Osaka , and Nagoya metropolitan areas. It has been reported that 27 million HD receivers had been sold in Japan as of October 2007. The Japanese government is studying the implementation of some improvements on the standard as suggested by Brazilian researchers ( SBTVD ). These new features are unlikely to be adopted in Japan due to incompatibility problems but are being considered for use in future implementations in other countries, including Brazil itself. Analog terrestrial television broadcasts in Japan were scheduled to end on July 24, 2011, as per

5915-463: The late 1990s. Currently, there are several national and regional cable television providers in Japan, the largest being J:COM (a KDDI and Sumitomo Corporation joint-venture) and its subsidiary Japan Cablenet (JCN). These companies currently compete with the Japanese satellite television platforms SKY PerfecTV! and WOWOW , as well as the IPTV platform Hikari TV operated by NTT Plala . The Japan Cable Television Engineering Association (JCTEA)

6006-587: The launch of new specialized cable networks. Following the lifting of legal controls by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, six new cable channels launched on Japan's two communication satellites in mid-1992. Japanese law required new channels to receive half of the revenue from subscribers who received the scrambled signals. Over one million homes were connected to cable TV in 1995. As of 1995, Japan's eleven cable-only channels were carried through communication satellites. The most successful channel out of

6097-573: The licence fee paid by listeners and at the same time the market for commercial broadcasting was liberalised. On 1 September 1951, the first commercial broadcaster, CBC Radio (JOAR) in Nagoya, started broadcasting, followed shortly after by NJB in Osaka. Subsequently, several other stations obtained broadcasting rights (among them ABC Radio , RKB Radio , KBS Kyoto and KRT Radio Tokyo ) and by 1952 there were eighteen private radio stations in operation. Thus

6188-453: The license fee. Notably, there is no legal authority to impose sanctions or fines in the event of non-payment; people may (and many do) throw away the bills and turn away the occasional bill collector, without consequence. In 1924, Kenjiro Takayanagi began a research program on electronic television . In 1925, he demonstrated a cathode ray tube (CRT) television with thermal electron emission. Television tests were conducted in 1926 using

6279-407: The main channel ( Jednotka ) prime time starts at 20:10, and on the second one (Dvojka) prime-time programming starts at 20:00. The two biggest private broadcasters set the start of prime-time programming at 20:20 ( Markíza ) and 20:30 ( TV JOJ ). Generally, however, prime time is considered to be from 20:00 to 23:00. In Slovenia , prime time, the period in which the most-watched shows are broadcast,

6370-514: The national public broadcaster NHK , and six national commercial key stations (the Japanese counterpart of the Big Three like Nippon TV , TV Asahi , and TBS ). Although some of the network names shown below are used only for news programming , the applicable organizations also distribute a variety of other programs over most of the same stations . Japan pioneered HDTV for decades with an analog implementation ( MUSE/Hi-Vision ) in

6461-422: The new high-definition television technology on an experimental basis. In Japan, research into high definition had begun in the sixties, when Takashi Fujio, director of STRL, believed that television technology, though still analog , had reached sufficient maturity to move from the traditional "small screen" to the big movie screen. The Fujio's team agreed that, both technically and economically, HDTV technology

6552-608: The news headlines, seven days a week; on Channel U, prime time ends at 23:00 seven days a week. Generally, however, prime time is considered to be from 18:00 to 00:00. In South Korea , prime time usually runs from 19:30 to 23:00 during weekdays, while on Saturdays and Sundays, it runs from 18:00 to 23:00. Family-oriented television shows are broadcast before 22:00, and adult-oriented television shows air after 22:00. In Taiwan , prime time (called bādiǎn dàng —八點檔—in Mandarin Chinese , literally eight o'clock slot) starts at 8 p.m. in

6643-476: The news is aired at 18:50, followed by the sitcom Świat według Kiepskich at 19:30. In Russia television prime time is between 19:00 and 23:00 on working days and from 15:00 to 01:00 on holidays. On radio stations there are morning, day and evening prime times. The most common division: morning—6:30 to 10:00; day—~12:00 to 14:00; evening—16:00 to 21:00. Public television in Slovakia consists of two channels; on

6734-608: The old MUSE system was not compatible with the new digital standards, Japan developed the ISDB-T in the 2000s for digital terrestrial television , later adopted in other countries in Asia and South America . The first transmission tests using this new generation standard began in 2003 in the metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya. In 2006, the 1seg function was launched, a very popular service that allowed users to watch TV on their mobile phones via digital terrestrial. From 2010 to 2011

6825-950: The original one-hour newscast that starts at 18:00. In Singapore , prime time begins at 18:00 on Channel 5 , 18:30 on Channel 8 and 19:00 on Channel U , CNA , Suria , Vasantham . which are also the main ( Free-to-air ) television channels in Singapore. On Channel 8, prime time ends at midnight or 0:15 on weekdays, at 0:30 on Saturday nights, and at 23:30 on Sunday nights. On Channel 5, prime time ends at 0:00 on weekdays, at 1:30 (or later) on Saturday nights, and at 0:30 on Sunday nights. On Suria, prime time ends at 22:30 on Monday to Thursday nights, 23:30 on Friday nights, 23:00 on weekends, and at 00:30 or 01:00 on eve and actual days of public holidays. On Vasantham, prime time ends at 23:00 on Mondays to Thursdays, midnight (or later) on Friday and Saturday nights, and at 23:30 on Sunday nights. On Channel NewsAsia, prime time ends at 23:01, immediately after

6916-519: The other hand, only a small amount in 1967 afforded such a set, estimated at 80,000-90,000 - aiming for a 100,000 target by spring 1968, accounting to less than 1% of the total number of sets at the time. Its programming in the 1960s was seen as "primitive" for US standards. The Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began conducting research to "unlock the fundamental mechanism of video and sound interactions with

7007-516: The primetime hours for some channels. There is also a "midnight prime time" during suhur while the month of Ramadan is commencing. It takes place from 02:00 (or 01:45 in some channels) and ends at the Fajr prayer call, which varies in timing between 04:30 and 05:00. Also, during other Islamic events such as Muharram and Rabi' al-Awwal , some channels broadcast religious shows during day/evening time slots (between 12:00 and 19:00—time varies on channel) or late-night slot (from 22:00). In

7098-669: The private stations prime time has even been delayed until 23:00. Most channels are delaying prime time in order to protect their top shows from sporting events. In the 1990s, prime time in Spain began at 21:00, moving to 21:30 in the latter half of the 1990s and 22:00 in the early 2000s. Commercial broadcaster LaSexta and the second channel from the Public broadcasting La 2 have attempted to shift prime time back to 21:30 in 2006 and Spring 2007, but these attempts have been unsuccessful. Fellow public channel La 1 also tried to pull prime time back to 21:00 in early 2015, to no avail. The lateness in

7189-408: The production volume increased: from 4,000 units in the two-year period 1962-1963 it went to 1.28 million in 1967 and over 6.4 million in 1970. In November 1975, the number of television sets owned by the general population stood at approximately 46 million, of which 32 million were color televisions. In the meantime, the last and smallest of the main Japanese commercial broadcasters also appeared on

7280-693: The programming schedules. Before 2018, daily evening newscasts would kick off primetime between 17:00 and 18:00, although some channels, notably SCTV, broadcast their daily evening newscasts earlier, usually at 16:00 or 16:30. The practice of airing news at primetime ended in 2018 in favor of adding more sinetrons to the schedule, except for TVRI, NET. and Trans7, which have kept their newscasts, Klik Indonesia Petang (at 18:00), Fakta Malam (at 23:00) and Redaksi Malam (at 23:30) on primetime respectively. After prime time, programs classified as Adult, as well as Adult products (generally cigarette ) commercials, may be aired. Like other Muslim-majority nations , there

7371-425: The same year, Nippon Television, the first commercial television, also became operational. The two broadcasters immediately entered into competition by offering viewers schedules with different styles and contents: if NHK insisted on culturally elevated programs suitable for the highest social classes, NTV aimed more decisively at the masses. Initially the high cost of the receivers slowed down their diffusion, when at

7462-400: The satellite market. SKY PerfecTV! was born in May 1998 from the merger of PerfecTV and JSkyB, whereas the Japanese subsidiary of DirecTV started its services in December 1997. With DirecTV retiring from the Japanese market in March 2000, SKY PerfectTV! emerges as one of Japan's largest pay-TV platforms, competing with WOWOW, cable company J:COM and Hikari TV 's IPTV service. Since

7553-461: The start of prime time in Spain is also due to Spanish culture. Spanish people generally work from 09:00–14:00 and then from 17:00–20:00 as opposed to the 09:00–17:00 which is common in other countries. The popular late-night show Crónicas marcianas during the late 1990s–2000 also helped to extend prime time well into the early hours with the show being watched by a share of 40%, despite finishing at 02:00. Spain might also be unique in that it has

7644-403: The television scene, TV Tokyo , which began in 1964 as a channel dedicated to cultural and educational programs before later establishing itself also in the entertainment field in general, with particular attention paid to anime . By the late 1960s, 30 million households owned a television set, commercial TV had 500 transmitters and NHK, 1000. With the early introduction of color television, on

7735-475: The television schedule, from which in a few years the generalist programs designed to entertain the whole family disappeared, replaced by specific programs based on age groups, in addition to programs designed for a mature audience in the late evening hours. In 1991, the first subscription satellite television network, WOWOW , is born, specialized in broadcasting films, shows and sports. In 2000, digital satellite broadcasts began and several other companies entered

7826-445: The testing and study authority for HDTV technology in the international theater. SMPTE would test HDTV systems from different companies from every conceivable perspective, but the problem of combining the different formats plagued the technology for many years. The television industry in Japan affected the film industry – in the 1960s, film companies reacted by not allowing their top actors and directors to work on television, not even

7917-469: The transition to digital television took place through the digital switchover , the phased switching off on a regional basis of analog television . The transition concluded in most of the country on July 24, 2011, except for the prefectures of Iwate , Miyagi , and Fukushima , on whose switchoff was postponed to the following year due to the Tōhoku earthquake . However, the transition was not without problems:

8008-449: The wedding of the then crown prince Akihito in 1959, contributed to the rapid popularization of television as a new medium of mass communication. The number of black and white televisions sold exceeded 2 million by the end of the 1950s. However, it took longer for the new color devices to emerge, mainly due to the high prices, and only 1,200 units were sold in the year in which color broadcasts began. Demand grew, however, as prices fell and

8099-408: The whole day. However, programmes broadcast after 23:00 are still considered prime time. As of 2019, NTV7 's prime time continues until 12:00 a.m. Programmes during prime time may have longer commercial breaks due to the number of viewers. Some domestic prime-time productions may be affected because of certain major sporting events such as FIFA World Cup . However, only FIFA World Cup held in

8190-447: Was launched for direct broadcast satellite (DBS) broadcasts, named BSE or Yuri , but the first tests only began in 1984 by means of the BS-2a satellite. The latter, unlike its predecessors, allowed signal reception even from small satellite dishes of 40 or 60 centimeters in diameter, suitable for domestic use. In 1989, NHK finally began satellite transmissions, simultaneously launching

8281-422: Was more easily applicable to direct satellite broadcasts, also taking into account how cable TV was poorly developed in Japan than it had been, for example, in the United States. In the 1980s, NHK thus developed the analog Hi-Vision system with 1125 lines, 60 frames per second and an initial aspect ratio of 5:3 (later upgraded to 16:9 ), beaming the first high definition analog broadcasts via satellite through

#119880