90-517: Akkineni is an Indian surname that may refer to Akkineni Lakshmi Vara Prasada Rao , popularly known as L. V. Prasad was a famous Indian film actor, producer and director Akkineni Ramesh Prasad son of Akkineni Lakshmi Vara Prasada Rao Akkineni Sreekar Prasad , National award-winning film editor, grandson of L. V. Prasad Akkineni Kutumba Rao veteran filmmaker Akkineni Nageswara Rao , veteran Telugu film actor and producer Akkineni Nagarjuna ,
180-517: A case which had challenged astrology's status as a science. As of 2014, despite continuing complaints by scientists, astrology continues to be taught at various universities in India, and there is a movement in progress to establish a national Vedic University to teach astrology together with the study of tantra , mantra , and yoga . Indian astrologers have consistently made claims that have been thoroughly debunked by skeptics. For example, although
270-573: A half year. — Yajurveda Jyotisha-vedanga 8, Translator: Kim Plofker There are sixteen Varga ( Sanskrit : varga , 'part, division'), or divisional, charts used in Hindu astrology: The Nirayana, or sidereal zodiac , is an imaginary belt of 360 degrees, which, like the Sāyana, or tropical zodiac , is divided into 12 equal parts. Each part (of 30 degrees) is called a sign or rāśi ( Sanskrit : 'part'). Vedic (Jyotiṣa) and Western zodiacs differ in
360-843: A passport), the initial is expanded as last name. For example, a name like "R. Kumaresh" will be written in full as "or "Kumaresh Ramaiah", and refers to "Kumaresh son of Ramaiah". If Kumaresh then has a son named Vijay, then his name would be "K. Vijay" or "Vijay Kumaresh" as it would be in the West. There is also a general custom for Tamil women, after marriage to adopt their husband's first name as their new initial or new last name instead of their father's. A woman named K. Anitha / Anitha Kumaresh (Anitha daughter of Kumaresh) might change her name after marriage to S. Anitha / Anitha Saravanan (Anitha wife of Saravanan). However, these customs vary from family to family and are normally never carried on over successive generations. Tamil Nadu, boasting numerous temples and
450-532: A person's life. Rahu and Ketu correspond to the points where the moon crosses the ecliptic plane (known as the ascending and descending nodes of the moon). Classically known in Indian and Western astrology as the "head and tail of the dragon", these planets are represented as a serpent-bodied demon beheaded by the Sudarshan Chakra of Vishnu after attempting to swallow the sun. They are primarily used to calculate
540-403: A point of intense debate, and other scholars believe that Jyotisha developed independently, although it may have interacted with Greek astrology . Muh scientific consensus is that astrology is a pseudoscience and has consistently failed experimental and theoretical verification. Jyotisha, states Monier-Williams, is rooted in the word Jyotish, which means light, such as that of
630-516: A popular Telugu film actor and producer; son of Akkineni Nageswara Rao Amala Akkineni , an actress; wife of Akkineni Nagarjuna Akkineni Naga Chaitanya , a Telugu film actor; son of Akkineni Nagarjuna and his ex-wife, Lakshmi Ramanaidu Daggubati Samantha Akkineni , Actress;Former wife of Akkineni Naga Chaitanya Akkineni Akhil , son of Akkineni Nagarjuna and Akkineni Amala See also [ edit ] Daggubati-Akkineni family [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
720-430: A position among the sciences in modern India . India's University Grants Commission and Ministry of Human Resource Development decided to introduce "Jyotir Vigyan" (i.e. jyotir vijñāna ) or "Vedic astrology" as a discipline of study in Indian universities, stating that "vedic astrology is not only one of the main subjects of our traditional and classical knowledge but this is the discipline, which lets us know
810-570: A result of the precession of the equinoxes , the origin of the ecliptic longitude has shifted by about 30 degrees. As a result, the placement of planets in the Jyotiṣa system is roughly aligned with the constellations, while tropical astrology is based on the solstices and equinoxes. Unlike Western astrology, Hindu astrology usually disregards Uranus (which rules Aquarius), Neptune (which rules Pisces), and Pluto (which rules Scorpio). The nakshatras or lunar mansions are 27 equal divisions of
900-472: A robust religious legacy, serves as a wellspring of inspiration for many Tamil names. These names often draw from the rich tapestry of Hindu deities, scriptures, and sacred texts. A prime example of this influence can be observed in names like "Arjun" and "Karthik," which resonate with the narratives and virtuous attributes associated with these divine beings. Due to the influence of the Dravidian movement , from
990-405: A roundabout way, states Plofker, after the arrival of Greek astrology ideas in India. The Jyotisha texts present mathematical formulae to predict the length of day time, sun rise and moon cycles. For example, Water clock A prastha of water [is] the increase in day, [and] decrease in night in the [sun's] northern motion; vice versa in the southern. [There is] a six-muhurta [difference] in
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#17329027479841080-547: A rudimentary level. Technical horoscopes and astrology ideas in India came from Greece and developed in the early centuries of the 1st millennium CE. Later medieval era texts such as the Yavana-jataka and the Siddhanta texts are more astrology-related. The field of Jyotisha deals with ascertaining time, particularly forecasting auspicious day and time for Vedic rituals. The field of Vedanga structured time into Yuga which
1170-406: A source for names to the detriment of tadbhava and deshya names, especially amongst tribal groups. In modern times, there has also been the creating of pleasant sounding but meaningless names, as well as the borrowing of foreign names among English educated metropolitans due to India's history with Britain . Mistry states these processes in name changes are due to social factors where members of
1260-411: A standard pattern of First name – Middle name – Surname . Many times the middle name will be appended onto the first name, or not exist at all. Sometimes middle name would even be father's first name. The surname is most commonly a caste-related name however, there are some caste-neutral surnames like Kumar . For example: Bhajan Lal Sharma (Bhajan is his first name, Lal is a middle name, and Sharma
1350-629: A variety of sources. They could be characters from Hindu mythological epics such as the Ramayana or Mahabharat , names of holy rivers such as Yamuna and Godavari , Hindu historical characters from Maratha or Indian history such as Shivaji and Ashoka , Marathi varkari saints such as Tukaram , Dnyaneshwar , Janabai , popular characters from modern Marathi literature, names of fragrant flowers for girls (e.g. Bakul , Kamal/Kamla for lotus ), senses such as Madhura for sweetness, precious metals such female name Suwarna for gold, heavenly bodies such as
1440-465: Is Husband's name – First name or the opposite (ex. Sumalatha Ambareesh , where Ambareesh is her husband's name). In South Karnataka, caste names are not common except among the higher castes. Kannada Brahmins have surnames like Rao , Murthy , Poojari , and Bhat . The title Gowda was a title given to any village headman, irrespective of caste, and was written as an appendage to the person's name. For example Siddaramaiah 's father belonged to
1530-516: Is a caste surname). Many women, especially in rural areas, take on the surname Devi (meaning Goddess) or Kumari (princess) when they are married (ex. Phoolan Devi , known as Phoolan Mallah before marriage). Muslims in North India use Islamic naming conventions . Kannada names vary by region as follows. North Karnataka follows the First name – Father's first name – Surname order. This system
1620-449: Is a family name, derived from place-names, trades or occupations, religious or caste names, or nicknames. Given names and their suffixes differ based on sex and religion. In many Gujarati households, a paternal aunt has the honour of naming her brother's child. Traditionally names were often borrowed from religion, but in modern times names are borrowed from literature, film, and politicians. Sanskrit tatsama names are also increasing as
1710-648: Is also found in other parts of Karnataka. Surnames are drawn from the names of places, food items, dresses, temples, type of people, platforms, cities, professions, and so on. Surnames are drawn from many other sources. Katti as a suffix is used for soldiers while Karadis is related to local folk art. Surnames according to trade or what they traditionally farm include Vastrad (piece of cloth), Kubasad (blouse), Menasinkai (chili), Ullagaddi (onion), Limbekai , Ballolli (garlic), Tenginkai (coconut), Byali (pulse), and Akki (rice). Surnames based on house include Doddamani (big house), Hadimani (house next to
1800-476: Is always Singh for males and Kaur for females. Upon marriage, a Sikh woman will take the family name of the husband. The family name is sometimes used, but sometimes not. For instance Ranjit Singh , where Ranjit was his first name and Singh his last name, was from the Sandhawalia Jat clan, but did not use it as a surname. However many do use caste/clan names, such as Bhagwant Singh Mann , where Bhagwant
1890-624: Is based are early medieval compilations, notably the Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra , and Sārāvalī by Kalyāṇavarma . The Horāshastra is a composite work of 71 chapters, of which the first part (chapters 1–51) dates to the 7th to early 8th centuries and the second part (chapters 52–71) to the later 8th century. The Sārāvalī likewise dates to around 800 CE. English translations of these texts were published by N. N. Krishna Rau and V. B. Choudhari in 1963 and 1961, respectively. Astrology remains an important facet of folk belief in
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#17329027479841980-644: Is believed that a person's name can influence their destiny, and selecting the right name is essential for a prosperous and harmonious life. Astrologers may be consulted to ensure a name aligns with the individual's birth chart. India 's population speaks a wide variety of languages and nearly every major religion in the world has a following in India. This variety makes for subtle, often confusing, differences in names and naming styles. Due to historical Indian cultural influences , several names across South and Southeast Asia are influenced by or adapted from Indian names or words. In some cases, an Indian birth name
2070-580: Is believed that the daśā largely governs the state of being of a person. The Daśā system shows which planets may be said to have become particularly active during the period of the Daśā. The ruling planet (the Daśānātha or 'lord of the Daśā') eclipses the mind of the person, compelling him or her to act per the nature of the planet. There are several dasha systems, each with its own utility and area of application. There are Daśās of grahas (planets) as well as Daśās of
2160-487: Is called gochara ( Sanskrit : gochara , 'transit'). The study of transits is based on the transit of the Moon (Chandra), which spans roughly two days, and also on the movement of Mercury (Budha) and Venus (Śukra) across the celestial sphere, which is relatively fast as viewed from Earth. The movement of the slower planets – Jupiter (Guru), Saturn (Śani) and Rāhu–Ketu — is always of considerable importance. Astrologers study
2250-569: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Indian surname Indian names are based on a variety of systems and naming conventions , which vary from region to region. In Indian culture, names hold profound significance and play a crucial role in an individual's life. The importance of names is deeply rooted in the country's diverse and ancient cultural heritage. Names are also influenced by religion and caste and may come from epics . In Hindu culture, names are often chosen based on astrological and numerological principles. It
2340-504: Is different from their official name; the birth name starts with a selected name from the person's horoscope (based on the nakshatra or lunar mansion corresponding to the person's birth). Many children are given three names, sometimes as a part of religious teaching. Research suggests that many Indians have officially adopted caste-neutral last names to mitigate historical inequalities. Some of India’s most famous celebrities have changed their names. For example, Amitabh Bachchan
2430-714: Is grandfather's name, and Kujnpilla is surname/caste title. It might also be written as Shreelakshmi Dhanapalan S K. Earlier times (until the 20th century) Malayali Christians (Nasranis) were bound by only Christian names and usually used the Family/house name – Father's name – Baptismal name naming convention. Nowadays, however, Christians have various naming conventions such as Name – Surname – Father's Name or Name – Father's name or Name – Surname or Name – Father's Name – Grandfather's Name . It can be concluded that Syrian Christian names are Patryonmic . E.g.: Arackaparambil Kurien Antony , better known as A. K. Antony, here
2520-478: Is his given name and Kannoth is his mother's house name. P. K. Vasudevan Nair , Vasudevan is his given name and Nair is his caste surname. Most of the Malayalis write name as Given name – Father's name – Father's father's name/house name/village name – Surname/caste title . For instance, Shreelakshmi Dhanapalan Sadhu Kunjpilla; where Shreelakshmi is first name, Dhanapalan is middle name/father's name, Sadhu
2610-498: Is made for the gradual precession of the vernal equinox . Hindu astrology includes several nuanced sub-systems of interpretation and prediction with elements not found in Hellenistic astrology, such as its system of lunar mansions ( Nakṣatra ). It was only after the transmission of Hellenistic astrology that the order of planets in India was fixed in that of the seven-day week. Hellenistic astrology and astronomy also transmitted
2700-459: Is often the name of the clan or gotra, but can be an honorific, such as Chakraborty or Bhattacharya . Common Baidya surnames are Sengupta , Dasgupta , Duttagupta, Gupta , Das-Sharma, and Sen-Sharma. Bengali Kayastha surnames include Basu, Bose , Dutta , Ghosh , Choudhury , Roy Chowdhury, Ray, Guha , Mitra , Singh / Sinha , Pal , De/Dey/Deb/Dev , Palit, Chanda/Chandra, Das , Dam, Kar, Nandi, Nag, Som, etc. Odia names follow
2790-495: Is the Abhiśeka Nakṣatra, which is held as king over the other nakṣatras. Worshipping and gaining favour over this nakṣhatra is said to give power to remedy all the other nakṣatras, and is of concern in predictive astrology and mitigating Karma. The junction of two Râshis as well as Nakshatras is known as Gandanta. The word dasha ( Devanāgarī : दशा, Sanskrit , daśā , 'planetary period') means 'state of being' and it
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2880-764: Is the first name, Chandra the middle name and Barua the last name, indicating his ancestors were high in the Paik system. There are some community-specific surnames such as Gogoi ( Ahom ) and Sarma ( Brahmin ) (ex: Himanta Biswa Sarma ). Tribal communities such as Boro , Dimasa and Karbi follow a similar naming scheme, although their surnames are generally clan names. Bengali names follow First name – Middle name – Surname pattern, as seen with Subhas Chandra Bose . Bengali Brahmin surnames include Acharya , Banerjee , Bagchi , Bhaduri , Bhattacharjee , Chakraborty , Chatterjee , Ganguly , Goswami , Ghoshal , Lahiri , Maitra , Mukherjee , Sanyal , etc. A Brahmin name
2970-565: Is the first name, Singh the religious name and Mann the Jat clan to which he belongs. Many Sikhs append the name of their sub-caste (known as a got in Punjabi and gotra in Hindi) as their surname. A got is an exogamous grouping within a particular caste (known as a zat in Punjabi and jati in Hindi). A zat is an endogamous caste grouping, which contains gots under it. Some Sikhs are against
3060-545: Is the traditional Hindu system of astrology . It is one of the six auxiliary disciplines in Hinduism that is connected with the study of the Vedas . The Vedanga Jyotisha is one of the earliest texts about astronomy within the Vedas . Some scholars believe that the horoscopic astrology practised in the Indian subcontinent came from Hellenistic influences. However, this is
3150-484: Is therefore done in the fashion: Sunitha Ram Kumar Iyer. And hence they are known to only use initials besides their name except for when caste names are given more preference by certain families rather than the family name itself. Hindu astrology Traditional Hindu astrology , also called Indian astrology , Jyotisha ( Sanskrit : ज्योतिष , romanized : jyotiṣa ; from jyót 'light, heavenly body') and, more recently, Vedic astrology ,
3240-867: The First name – Middle name – Surname or First name – Surname pattern. Odia surnames come from caste based on human occupation. For example, the common surnames Kar, Mohapatra , and Dash (as opposed to Das) are Brahmin surnames. Similarly, Mishra , Nanda, Rath, Satpathy, Panda, Panigrahi, and Tripathy are all Brahmin surnames. Mohanty , Das , Choudhury , Ray , Kanungo, Mangaraj, Bohidar, Bakshi , Patnaik , Samantaray , Routray , Mahasenapati, Srikarana, Chhotray and Das Mohapatra are Karan surnames. Others are Samant, Singhar, Sundaraya, Jagdev, Baliarsingh, Harichandan, Mardraj, Srichandan, Pratihari, Paikray, Patasani, Parida, Samal, Sahu, Nayak, and Muduli. Konkani people inhabiting Goa, and also Konkan regions of Karnataka and Maharashtra, use First name – Middle name – Village name/Surname pattern. Generally,
3330-568: The Kuruba community but was called Siddarame Gowda. Nowadays it is mostly used as a Vokkaliga surname. Most people in South Karnataka, regardless of caste, do not use caste surnames. Kashmiri names often follow the naming convention First name – Middle name (optional) – Family name . (For example: Jawahar Lal Nehru ) Nicknames often replace family names. Hence, some family names like Razdan and Nehru may very well be derived originally from
3420-617: The Supreme Court of India stated that the introduction of astrology to university curricula is "a giant leap backwards, undermining whatever scientific credibility the country has achieved so far". In 2004, the Supreme Court dismissed the petition, concluding that the teaching of astrology did not qualify as the promotion of religion. In February 2011, the Bombay High Court referred to the 2004 Supreme Court ruling when it dismissed
3510-459: The sun or the moon or heavenly body. The term Jyotisha includes the study of astronomy , astrology and the science of timekeeping using the movements of astronomical bodies. It aimed to keep time, maintain calendars, and predict auspicious times for Vedic rituals. Jyotiṣa is one of the Vedāṅga , the six auxiliary disciplines used to support Vedic rituals. Early jyotiṣa is concerned with
3600-491: The surname Akkineni . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akkineni&oldid=1176268537 " Categories : Surnames Surnames of Indian origin Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
3690-802: The 1930s, most Tamils abandoned their surnames, both in India and nations like Singapore, due to the arising consciousness that these surnames were synonymous with their caste identity, leading to social stigma. More common among women, making the patronym or husband name the last name is a custom adopted by people migrating to the West, who want to be called by their first names without having to explain Indian naming conventions. However, women frequently adopt their father's or husband's name, and take it for successive generations. The various Tamil caste names include Paraiyar , Vishwakarma , Aachari , Konar , Idaiyar , Reddiar , Udayar , Yadhavar , Iyengar , Iyer , Pillai , Mudaliar , Thevar , Nadar , Chettiar , Gounder , Naicker , Vanniyar etc. The naming
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3780-405: The 300 or so years between the first Yavanajataka and the Āryabhaṭīya . The astronomical texts of these 300 years are lost. The later Pañcasiddhāntikā of Varāhamihira summarizes the five known Indian astronomical schools of the sixth century. Indian astronomy preserved some of the older pre-Ptolemaic elements of Greek astronomy. The main texts upon which classical Indian astrology
3870-669: The Kaul family tree. Malayali surname includes Nair, Menon, Pillai, Nambootri, Panikkar, and Kurup. Some Malayalis follow similar naming customs to Tamils and people in South Karnataka, using Village name – Father's name – Personal name . Some Muslim Malayalis also follow this system, though their first names follow the Islamic system. Members of the Menon, Nair, and related communities often use their mother's house name or directly add their caste name. For example, Kannoth Karunakaran , Karunakaran
3960-589: The Konkani Catholics have Portuguese surnames like Rodrigues, Fernandes, Pereira and D'Souza. Catholic families belonging to the Roman Catholic Brahmin (Bamonn) caste use lusophonised versions of Hindu surnames like Prabhu, Bhat, etc. Gujarati names follow a pattern of Given name , Father's given name , and Surname ; for example, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi . After marriage, a woman takes her husband's patronymic as her new middle name. The surname
4050-603: The Lagna, the two being a Keṅdra ('angular house'—first, fourth, seventh and tenth houses) and Trikona Bhāva respectively. Dhana Yogas are formed by the association of wealth-giving planets such as the Dhaneśa or the 2nd Lord and the Lābheśa or the 11th Lord from the Lagna. Dhana Yogas are also formed due to the auspicious placement of the Dārāpada (from dara , 'spouse' and pada , 'foot'—one of
4140-509: The Lords of the Trikona ('trines', 120 degrees—first, fifth and ninth houses). The Rāja yogas are culminations of the blessings of Viṣṇu and Lakṣmī. Some planets, such as Mars for Leo Lagna, do not need another graha (or Navagraha , 'planet') to create Rājayoga , but are capable of giving Rājayoga by themselves due to their own lordship of the 4th Bhāva ('astrological house') and the 9th Bhāva from
4230-439: The M stands for Marudhur , and G stands for Gopalan, the father's name. Another example is R. Karthik, where R stands for Ravichandran, the father's name). There is a widespread usage of a patronym (use of the father's given name as the last name). This means that the first name of one generation becomes the last name of the next. In many cases, the father's given name appears as an initial and when written in full (for example, on
4320-638: The Rāśis (zodiac signs). The primary system used by astrologers is the Viṁśottarī Daśā system, which has been considered universally applicable in the Kali Yuga to all horoscopes. The first Mahā-Daśā is determined by the position of the natal Moon in a given Nakṣatra. The lord of the Nakṣatra governs the Daśā. Each Mahā-Dāśā is divided into sub-periods called bhuktis , or antar-daśās , which are proportional divisions of
4410-467: The Sun and the Moon, Vasant and Sharad for spring and autumn respectively, names of film stars (e.g. Amit after Amitabh Bachchan ) or sportsmen, and after virtues (e.g., Vinay for modesty). Nicknames such as Dada, Bandu, Balu, Sonya and Pillu for males and Chhabu and Bebi for girls have been popular too. A large number of Maharashtrian surnames are derived by adding the suffix kar to the village from which
4500-532: The Yajurveda recension has 43 verses of which 29 verses are borrowed from the Rigveda. The Rigveda version is variously attributed to sage Lagadha, and sometimes to sage Shuci. The Yajurveda version credits no particular sage, has survived into the modern era with a commentary of Somakara, and is the more studied version. The Jyotisha text Brahma-siddhanta , probably composed in the 5th century CE, discusses how to use
4590-433: The contemporary lives of many Hindus . In Hindu culture , newborns are traditionally named based on their jyotiṣa charts ( Kundali ), and astrological concepts are pervasive in the organization of the calendar and holidays, and in making major decisions such as those about marriage, opening a new business, or moving into a new home. Many Hindus believe that heavenly bodies, including the planets, have an influence throughout
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#17329027479844680-449: The dates of eclipses. They are described as "shadow planets" because they are not visible in the night sky. Rahu and Ketu have an orbital cycle of 18 years and they are always retrograde in motion and 180 degrees from each other. A natal chart shows the position of the grahas at the moment of birth. Since that moment, the grahas have continued to move around the zodiac, interacting with the natal chart grahas. This period of interaction
4770-526: The events happening in human life and in universe on time scale" in spite of the complete lack of evidence that astrology actually does allow for such accurate predictions. The decision was backed by a 2001 judgement of the Andhra Pradesh High Court , and some Indian universities offer advanced degrees in astrology. This was met with widespread protests from the scientific community in India and Indian scientists working abroad. A petition sent to
4860-489: The family originally hailed. For example, Junnarkar came from town of Junnar , Waghulkar comes from the town of Waghul. Names like Kumbhar , Sutar , Kulkarni , Deshpande , Deshmukh , Patil , Pawar , Desai , and Joshi denote the family's ancestral trade or professions. Families of the historical Maratha chiefs use their clan name as their surname. Some of these are Jadhav , Bhosale , Chavan , Shinde , Shirke, More , Nimbalkar, Pawar , and Ghatge. Members of
4950-472: The first Indian astrological treatise in the Sanskrit language. However the only version that survives is the verse version of Sphujidhvaja which dates to AD 270. The first Indian astronomical text to define the weekday was the Āryabhaṭīya of Āryabhaṭa (born AD 476). According to Michio Yano, Indian astronomers must have been occupied with the task of Indianizing and Sanskritizing Greek astronomy during
5040-479: The first name is followed by the father's name, though this is now mostly observed by Hindus, who are traditionally patriarchal. Village names were used only after the arrival of the Portuguese, when the people migrated from their ancestral villages. A suffix kar or hailing from was attached to the village name. Many of the originally Hindu residents were converted to Catholicism by the Portuguese. Almost all of
5130-689: The four divisions—3 degrees and 20 minutes—of a Nakshatra in the 7th house), when reckoned from the Ārūḍha Lagna (AL). The combination of the Lagneśa and the Bhāgyeśa also leads to wealth through the Lakṣmī Yoga. Sanyāsa Yogas are formed due to the placement of four or more grahas , excluding the Sun, in a Keṅdra Bhāva from the Lagna. There are some overarching yogas in Jyotiṣa such as Amāvasyā Doṣa, Kāla Sarpa Yoga-Kāla Amṛta Yoga and Graha Mālika Yoga that can take precedence over Yamaha yogar planetary placements in
5220-487: The head of the Indian Astrologers Federation about war between India and Pakistan in 1982 also failed. In 2000, when several planets happened to be close to one another, astrologers predicted that there would be catastrophes, volcanic eruptions and tidal waves . This caused an entire sea-side village in the Indian state of Gujarat to panic and abandon their houses. The predicted events did not occur and
5310-491: The horoscope. The Hindu Jātaka or Janam Kundali or birth chart , is the Bhāva Chakra ( Sanskrit : 'division' 'wheel'), the complete 360° circle of life, divided into houses, and represents a way of enacting the influences in the wheel. Each house has associated kāraka ( Sanskrit : 'significator') planets that can alter the interpretation of a particular house. Each Bhāva spans an arc of 30° with twelve Bhāvas in any chart of
5400-621: The horoscope. These are a crucial part of any horoscopic study since the Bhāvas, understood as 'state of being', personalize the Rāśis/ Râshis to the native and each Rāśi/ Râshi apart from indicating its true nature reveals its impact on the person based on the Bhāva occupied. The best way to study the various facets of Jyotiṣa is to see their role in chart evaluation of actual persons and how these are construed. Drishti ( Sanskrit : Dṛṣṭi , 'sight')
5490-475: The influence may have flowed from India to Mesopotamia. Ohashi states that it is incorrect to assume that the number of civil days in a year equal 365 in both Hindu and Egyptian–Persian year. Further, adds Ohashi, the Mesopotamian formula is different from the Indian formula for calculating time, each can only work for their respective latitude, and either would make major errors in predicting time and calendar in
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#17329027479845580-407: The life of a human being, and these planetary influences are the "fruit of karma ". The Navagraha , planetary deities, are considered subordinate to Ishvara (the Hindu concept of a supreme being) in the administration of justice. Thus, it is believed that these planets can influence earthly life. Astrology has been rejected by the scientific community as having no explanatory power for describing
5670-669: The loan-words typically seen when ideas migrate are missing on both sides as far as words for various time intervals and techniques. Further, adds Plofker, and other scholars, that the discussion of time keeping concepts are found in the Sanskrit verses of the Shatapatha Brahmana , a 2nd millennium BCE text. Water clock and sun dials are mentioned in many ancient Hindu texts such as the Arthashastra . Some integration of Mesopotamian and Indian Jyotisha-based systems may have occurred in
5760-548: The lower strata of Gujarati society adopt Sanskrit names in mimicry of higher strata, who must then create new names from native or foreign sources to maintain status. Another factor he states is the declining religiosity of modern generations. This naming custom is prevalent throughout the Hindi Belt , and is also followed also by groups in this region who may not speak a Hindi-related language variety as their first language such as Gonds or Santals . Northern naming customs follow
5850-533: The maha-dasa. Further proportional sub-divisions can be made, but error margins based on accuracy of the birth time grow exponentially. The next sub-division is called pratyantar-daśā , which can in turn be divided into sookshma-antardasa , which can in turn be divided into praana-antardaśā , which can be sub-divided into deha-antardaśā . Such sub-divisions also exist in all other Daśā systems. The navagraha ( Sanskrit : नवग्रह , romanized : navagraha , lit. 'nine planets') are
5940-417: The method of measurement. While synchronically, the two systems are identical, Jyotiṣa primarily uses the sidereal zodiac (in which stars are considered to be the fixed background against which the motion of the planets is measured), whereas most Western astrology uses the tropical zodiac (the motion of the planets is measured against the position of the Sun on the spring equinox ). After two millennia , as
6030-549: The movement of planets, sun and moon to keep time and calendar. This text also lists trigonometry and mathematical formulae to support its theory of orbits, predict planetary positions and calculate relative mean positions of celestial nodes and apsides. The text is notable for presenting very large integers, such as 4.32 billion years as the lifetime of the current universe. The ancient Hindu texts on Jyotisha only discuss time keeping, and never mention astrology or prophecy. These ancient texts predominantly cover astronomy, but at
6120-427: The night sky used in Hindu astrology, each identified by its prominent star(s). Historical (medieval) Hindu astrology enumerated either 27 or 28 nakṣatras. In modern astrology, a rigid system of 27 nakṣatras is generally used, each covering 13° 20′ of the ecliptic . The missing 28th nakshatra is Abhijeeta . Each nakṣatra is divided into equal quarters or padas of 3° 20′. Of greatest importance
6210-523: The nine celestial bodies used in Hindu astrology: The navagraha are said to be forces that capture or eclipse the mind and the decision making of human beings. When the grahas are active in their daśās , or periodicities they are said to be particularly empowered to direct the affairs of people and events. Planets are held to signify major details, such as profession, marriage and longevity. Of these indicators, known as Karakas, Parashara considers Atmakaraka most important, signifying broad contours of
6300-535: The number of paiks they could command, and these titles are often still used as surnames today. Titles such as Bora (20), Saika (100), Hazarika (1000) imply that their ancestors commanded 20, 100 or 1000 men. The topmost ranks were granted titles such as Phukan , Barua and Rajkhowa. Some titles, such as Phukan, derive from Tai Ahom rather than Assamese. These surnames can be held by people from any community. For instance, in Binanda Chandra Barua , Binanda
6390-521: The numerically largest Maratha - Kunbi cultivator class among Marathi people have also adopted some of the Maratha clan names, whether to indicate allegiance to the Maratha chief they served, or as an attempt at upward mobility. Punjabi Hindus generally follow North Indian naming conventions and Muslims generally follow Islamic naming conventions. Sikh names often have the following format: First name – Religious name – Family name . The religious name
6480-463: The onset of a word. As an example, the Indian name 'Dev' would not have its first consonant pronounced as in the American name 'Dave'. Similarly the name 'Tarun' would not have its first consonant sounded as in 'Tom'. The letter 'h' is used to represent aspirated consonants. So, in the names 'Khare', 'Ghanshyam', 'Kaccha', 'Jhumki', 'Vitthal', 'Ranchodh', 'Siddharth', 'Phaneesh', and 'Bhanu,' the 'h' means
6570-500: The other region. According to Asko Parpola, the Jyotisha and luni-solar calendar discoveries in ancient India, and similar discoveries in China in "great likelihood result from convergent parallel development", and not from diffusion from Mesopotamia. Kim Plofker states that while a flow of timekeeping ideas from either side is plausible, each may have instead developed independently, because
6660-480: The planet Saturn is in the constellation Aries roughly every 30 years (e.g. 1909, 1939, 1968), the astrologer Bangalore Venkata Raman claimed that "when Saturn was in Aries in 1939 England had to declare war against Germany", ignoring all the other dates. Astrologers regularly fail in attempts to predict election results in India, and fail to predict major events such as the assassination of Indira Gandhi . Predictions by
6750-537: The policitcan's name is Antony while his father's name is Kurien, while his family name is Arackaparambil. During the 20th century some names were created by joining two or more syllables. For example, Abey (AB), Aji (AG), Bibi (BB), Biji (BG), Siby (CB) and so on. Today, several Syrian Christians name their children with popular Indian names like Deepak , Rahul, Neethu, Asha etc. But by the 21st century more biblical names began to reappear. Thus names like, Isaac , Joshua , David , Saul , Ezekiel , Timothy , appeared on
6840-523: The preparation of a calendar to determine dates for sacrificial rituals, with nothing written regarding planets. There are mentions of eclipse -causing "demons" in the Atharvaveda and Chāndogya Upaniṣad , the latter mentioning Rāhu (a shadow entity believed responsible for eclipses and meteors). The term graha , which is now taken to mean the planet , originally meant demon. The Ṛigveda also mentions an eclipse-causing demon, Svarbhānu . However,
6930-589: The road), Kattimani (house with a platform in its front), Bevinmarad (person having a big neem tree near his house), and Hunasimarad (person having a big tamarind tree near his house). A carpenter will have Badigar as a surname, while Mirjankar , Belagavi , Hublikar , and Jamkhandi are surnames drawn from places. Angadi (shop), Amavasya (new moon day), Kage (crow), Bandi (bullock cart), Kuri (sheep), Kudari (horse), Toppige (cap), Beegadkai (key), Pyati (market), Hanagi (comb), and Rotti (bread) are some other surnames. In coastal Karnataka,
7020-446: The scene. Marathi people of Hindu religion follow a partially patronymic naming system. For example, it is customary to associate the father's name with the given name. In the case of married women, the husband's name is associated with the given name. Therefore, the constituents of a Marathi name as given name/first name, father/husband name, family name/surname. For example: Marathi Hindus choose given names for their children from
7110-488: The sound before it should be pronounced with a strong outward breath (see Aspirated consonant for more on this). These names are more likely to be found in places that speak an Indo-Aryan language like Bhojpuri or Gujarati. Assamese names follow the First name – Middle name – Surname or First name – Surname pattern. The Paik system used by various Assamese kingdoms, most notably the Ahom , granted men titles depending on
7200-487: The specific term graha was not applied to Svarbhānu until the later Mahābhārata and Rāmāyaṇa . The foundation of Hindu astrology is the notion of bandhu of the Vedas (scriptures), which is the connection between the microcosm and the macrocosm. The practice relies primarily on the sidereal zodiac , which differs from the tropical zodiac used in Western (Hellenistic) astrology in that an ayanāṃśa adjustment
7290-610: The surnames are different in different regions. Surnames like Hegde and Hebbar belong to the Brahmin community, while other titles like Ballal , Shetty , and Rai are mostly used by the landed Bunt community. Names in coastal Karnataka have both systems Village name – Father's name – Personal name – Surname and Personal name – Father's name – Surname . Names in South Karnataka follow Village name – Father's name – Personal name – Surname . Examples: For married women, it
7380-517: The transit of the Daśā lord from various reference points in the horoscope. In Hindu astronomy, yoga ( Sanskrit : yoga , 'union') is a combination of planets placed in a specific relationship to each other. Rāja yogas are perceived as givers of fame, status and authority, and are typically formed by the association of the Lord of Keṅdras ('quadrants'), when reckoned from the Lagna ('ascendant'), and
7470-503: The twelve zodiacal signs beginning with Aries and the twelve astrological places beginning with the ascendant. The first evidence of the introduction of Greek astrology to India is the Yavanajātaka which dates to the early centuries CE. The Yavanajātaka ( lit. "Sayings of the Greeks") was translated from Greek to Sanskrit by Yavaneśvara during the 2nd century CE, and is considered
7560-453: The universe. Scientific testing of astrology has been conducted, and no evidence has been found to support any of the premises or purported effects outlined in astrological traditions. There is no mechanism proposed by astrologers through which the positions and motions of stars and planets could affect people and events on Earth. In spite of its status as a pseudoscience , in certain religious, political, and legal contexts, astrology retains
7650-833: The usage of got names as surnames because they think it promotes the caste system and the discrimination that comes from it, which is against Sikh doctrines. Sikhs tend to marry someone belonging to a different got as themself whilst belonging to the same zat . Since the second-half of the 20th century, some Sikhs from socially and economically-disadvantaged castes have adopted the gotra names of privileged castes as their surnames in an attempt to hide their original caste-background and seek upward social mobility. Sardar for males and Sardarni for females are sometimes prefixed as titles. A lot of Sikh first names can be used by both sexes. Tamil names usually follow this pattern: Initial (Village name) – Initial (Father's name) – First name – Surname (Example: M.G. Ramachandran , where
7740-592: The vacant houses were burgled. Time keeping [The current year] minus one, multiplied by twelve, multiplied by two, added to the elapsed [half months of current year], increased by two for every sixty [in the sun], is the quantity of half-months ( syzygies ). — Rigveda Jyotisha-vedanga 4 Translator: Kim Plofker The ancient extant text on Jyotisha is the Vedanga-Jyotisha , which exists in two editions, one linked to Rigveda and other to Yajurveda . The Rigveda version consists of 36 verses, while
7830-622: The vowel characters to denote sounds different from conventional American or British English. Although some languages, like Kannada or Tamil, may have different vowel sounds, the ones used in most major Indian languages are represented in this table along with typical English transcriptions. Furthermore, the letters used in English /t/ and /d/ that are used to represent the retroflex stops /ʈ/ and /ɖ/, are also used to represent dental stops /t̪/ and /d̪/ (as in Tenginkai or Rohit), especially when they occur in
7920-524: Was originally named Inquilab Srivastava, Akshay Kumar was named Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia, and Dilip Kumar was originally named Muhammad Yusuf Khan. In many parts of India, the practice of name “doubling” is now wide-spread, i.e. a citizen adopts a “caste-neutral” last name for school, work and official settings, but retains a traditional name for personal interaction or to access certain state schemes. When written in Latin script, Indian names may use
8010-472: Was a 5-year interval, divided into multiple lunisolar intervals such as 60 solar months, 61 savana months, 62 synodic months and 67 sidereal months. A Vedic Yuga had 1,860 tithis ( तिथि , dates), and it defined a savana -day (civil day) from one sunrise to another. The Rigvedic version of Jyotisha may be a later insertion into the Veda, states David Pingree , possibly between 513 and 326 BCE, when Indus valley
8100-528: Was occupied by the Achaemenid from Mesopotamia . The mathematics and devices for time keeping mentioned in these ancient Sanskrit texts, proposes Pingree, such as the water clock may also have arrived in India from Mesopotamia. However, Yukio Ohashi considers this proposal as incorrect, suggesting instead that the Vedic timekeeping efforts, for forecasting appropriate time for rituals, must have begun much earlier and
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