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55-493: The UNHCR estimated the population of the governorate at 389,899 in 2015, including 106,935 registered refugees of the Syrian Civil War and 19,404 Palestinian refugees . The population is predominantly Sunni Muslim around 70-75% with a minority of Christian and Alawite communities and very few Shiites . Akkar is Lebanon's least urbanized governorate, with 80% of the population living in rural areas. Akkar Governorate

110-587: A Prince of Asturias Awards for International Cooperation in 1991. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group , a consortium of organizations dedicated to sustainable development . Following the demise of the League of Nations and the creation of the United Nations the international community was acutely aware of the refugee crisis following the end of World War II . In 1947,

165-615: A 2021 study, the UNHCR has fulfilled its mandate to serve refugees independent of their location consistently over time. The organization has shown limited bias towards donors in the geographical distribution of its funds. UNHCR was established on 14 December 1950 and succeeded the earlier United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration . The agency is mandated to lead and co-ordinate international action to protect refugees (other than Palestinian refugees , who are assisted by UNRWA ) and resolve refugee problems worldwide. Its primary purpose

220-475: A Goodwill Ambassador, Angelina Jolie was promoted in 2012 to Special Envoy to the High Commissioner. In this role she represents the UNHCR and High Commissioner Filipo Grandi at the diplomatic level and works to facilitate long-term solutions for people displaced by large-scale crises, such as Afghanistan and Somalia. "This is an exceptional position reflecting an exceptional role she has played for us", said

275-433: A UNHCR spokesman. UNHCR is also represented by a number of UNHCR Goodwill Ambassadors , who at present are: Previous ambassadors include: According to some scholars, with time UNHCR left an initial preference for asylum and resettlement policies, tending to prefer repatriation measures of refugees instead. Sometimes, this might have led the agency's bureaucratic apparatus to adopt pathological behaviours. An example of

330-587: A database of refugee information, ProGres, which was created during the Kosovo War in the 1990s. The database today contains data on over 11 million refugees, or about 11% of all displaced persons globally. The database contains biometric data, including fingerprints and iris scans and is used to determine aid distribution for recipients. The results of using biometric verification have been successful. When introduced in Kenyan refugee camps of Kakuma and Dadaab in

385-582: A high-level summit to address large movements of refugees and migrants, with the aim of bringing countries together behind a more humane and coordinated approach. Leaders of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights , UN Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women , UN Office on Drugs and Crime , and the World Bank were present. The summit addressed the root causes and drive for migration and

440-524: A joint livelihood strategy for South Sudan was launched, looking to address this issue with a clearly defined action plan. The strategy targets both refugees (70%) and local communities (30%) in refugee-hosting areas across the country. UNHCR regularly publishes to the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) using the identifier XM-DAC-41121. Publication started in 2018, but data is available from 2016 onwards aligning to

495-839: A process leading to the negotiation of the Global Compact for Migration . On 28 September 2016, the UNHCR partnered with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization in Tehran for the Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees. FAO highlighted the contributions to be made by FAO towards SSAR objectives on livelihood related activities including livestock and fishery initiatives as well as nutritional projects in Iranian schools. FAO and UNHCR are committed to increasing refugees’ access to livelihood opportunities and reducing dependency on humanitarian aid. Of late,

550-452: A third country . It is headquartered in Geneva , Switzerland , and has 20,305 staff working in 136 countries as of December 2023. The office of High Commissioner for Refugees has existed since 1921, when it was created by the League of Nations with Norwegian scientist Dr. Fridtjof Nansen as its first occupant. The International Refugee Organization (IRO) was created in 1946 to address

605-473: Is aimed at recognizing creative and/or research work in the field of history, law, linguistics, teaching, political science, psychology, sociology, ethics, philosophy, geography, economics, demography or anthropology, as well as in the disciplines corresponding to each of these fields. First awarded in 1987 it is aimed at recognizing careers which, via the promotion, fostering and advancement of sport and sense of solidarity and commitment, have become an example of

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660-419: Is aimed at recognizing individual or collective work, in cooperation with another or others, to develop and promote public health, universal education, the protection and defence of the environment, as well as the economic, cultural and social advancement of peoples. First awarded in 1981 it is aimed at recognizing the work of fostering and advancing literary creation in all its genres. First awarded in 1981 it

715-501: Is to provide, on a non-political and humanitarian basis, international protection to refugees and to seek permanent solutions for them. Soon after the signing of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees , it became clear that refugees were not solely restricted to Europe. In 1956, UNHCR was involved in coordinating the response to the uprising in Hungary . Just a year later, UNHCR

770-489: Is to safeguard the rights and well-being of refugees. It strives to ensure that everyone can exercise the right to seek asylum and find safe refuge in another state, with the option to return home voluntarily , integrate locally or to resettle in a third country . UNHCR's mandate has gradually been expanded to include protecting and providing humanitarian assistance to whom it describes as other persons "of concern", including internally displaced persons (IDPs) who would fit

825-629: The Gaza Strip and the West Bank , including East Jerusalem , are covered by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). Unlike UNHCR, UNRWA does not have a mandate to resettle Palestine refugees and has no authority to seek lasting durable solutions for refugees. Several new programs have recently been introduced to support and to heighten awareness of

880-559: The Grand Bargain (humanitarian reform) . The organisation was assessed by Publish What You Fund and included in the 2024 Aid Transparency Index with an overall score of 63.4 which is categorised as a "good" score. Since 1954, the UNHCR Nansen Refugee Award has been annually awarded to a person or an organization in recognition of outstanding service to the cause of refugees, displaced or stateless people. The UNHCR itself

935-746: The Hungarian Uprising to the decolonization of Africa and Asia , broadened the scope of UNHCR's operations. Commensurate with the 1967 Protocol to the Refugee Convention , which expanded the geographic and temporal scope of refugee assistance, UNHCR operated across the world, with the bulk of its activities in developing countries. By its 65th anniversary in 2015, the agency had assisted more than 50 million refugees worldwide. As of June 2020, UNHCR has over 20 million refugees under its mandate. Consequently, its annual budget has grown from US$ 300,000 in 1951 to US$ 8.6 billion in 2019, making it one of

990-551: The International Refugee Organization (IRO) was founded by the United Nations. The IRO was the first international agency to deal comprehensively with all aspects of refugees' lives. Preceding this was the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration , which was established in 1944 to address the millions of people displaced across Europe as a result of World War II. In the late 1940s,

1045-627: The Princess of Asturias . Each recipient present at the ceremony receives a diploma, a sculpture expressly created for the awards by Spanish sculptor Joan Miró and a pin with the emblem of the Foundation. There is also a monetary prize of €50,000 for each category; this amount is shared if the category has more than one recipient. They were declared of "exceptional contribution to the cultural heritage of Humanity" by UNESCO in 2004. The Prince of Asturias Awards were established on 24 September 1980, with

1100-515: The "Executive Committee to the High Commissioner's Programme", and he or she has to make annual reports to the UN General Assembly and needs to follow their directives. The current High Commissioner is Filippo Grandi , who has held the post since 1 January 2016. Prior to the establishment of the UNHCR, Fridtjof Nansen was the League's High Commissioner for Refugees. The post of High Commissioner has been held by: After 10 years serving as

1155-738: The IRO fell out of favour, but the UN agreed that a body was required to oversee global refugee issues. Despite many heated debates in the General Assembly, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was founded as a subsidiary organ of the General Assembly by Resolution 319 (IV) of the United Nations General Assembly of December 1949. However, the organisation was only intended to operate for 3 years, from January 1951, due to

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1210-621: The Princess of Asturias Foundation (previously the Prince of Asturias Foundation) to individuals, entities or organizations from around the world who make notable achievements in the sciences, humanities, and public affairs. The awards are presented every October in a solemn ceremony at Teatro Campoamor  [ ast ; es ] in Oviedo , the capital of the Principality of Asturias , and are presented by

1265-588: The Status of Refugees was ratified to remove the geographical and temporal restrictions of UNHCR under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. As the Convention was confined to the refugee crisis in the aftermath of World War II in Europe, the Protocol was made to address the "new refugee situations that have arisen since the Convention was adopted and the refugees concerned that may therefore not fall within

1320-541: The U.N. for placement, and an asylum seeker applies within the Country in which asylum is sought. This is why some Countries label refugees as illegal when they did not apply through the U.N. for placement and entered the country unlawfully. In 2007, UNHCR offices in Canada launched an aggressive media campaign to shed light on the plight of refugees. This campaign was meant to humanize the refugee crisis by showing refugees living in

1375-662: The U.N., improperly search for asylum in the United States, ultimately failing to reach their destination and remaining in the Caribbean. However, migrant laws in some of these nations lacked any protections for asylum seekers , including the ability to be recognized as such. In response, the UNHCR organized talks with these nations in Costa Rica in 2009, seeking to address the lack of protections for refugees and their prosecution as unauthorized migrants. A refugee seeker applies through

1430-534: The UNHCR's original role becomes offloaded onto other agencies. Prince of Asturias Awards#International Cooperation (Cooperación Internacional) The Princess of Asturias Awards (Spanish: Premios Princesa de Asturias , Asturian: Premios Princesa d'Asturies ), formerly the Prince of Asturias Awards from 1981 to 2014 (Spanish: Premios Príncipe de Asturias ), are a series of annual prizes awarded in Spain by

1485-551: The aim of informing people about current refugee crises. One of these is the annual UNHCR/SARI Fair play Football Cup. The UNHCR was prominent in helping Syrian refugees in Lebanon. When the Lebanese government was unable to withstand the influx of refugees, the UNHCR stepped in and eased the displacement for the refugees mainly by offering food and healthcare. They also helped register the refugees, so they would not be considered illegal in

1540-446: The benefits that practising sports can bring to people. First awarded in 1981 it is aimed at recognizing the work of fostering and advancing research in the field of mathematics, astronomy and astrophysics, physics, chemistry, life sciences, medical sciences, earth and space sciences or technological sciences, including those disciplines corresponding to each of these fields as well as their related technologies. First awarded in 1986 it

1595-402: The ceremony, handed out awards to winners and delivered her first speech ever as heiress to the crown during the 39th Princess of Asturias Awards Ceremony on 18 October 2019. Her father, then Prince Felipe, did the same during the 1st Prince of Asturias Awards Ceremony on 31 October 1981. If a laureate does not attend to the ceremony to collect their award, they receive neither the sculpture nor

1650-484: The concerned countries, durable solutions continued to prove a massive challenge for the UNHCR. As a result, the UNHCR became more heavily involved with assistance programs within refugee camps, often located in hostile environments. The end of the Cold War marked continued inter-ethnic conflict and contributed heavily to refugee flight. In addition, humanitarian intervention by multinational forces became more frequent, and

1705-487: The creation of the Prince of Asturias Foundation, in a ceremony presided by Felipe, Prince of Asturias , then heir to the throne of Spain , "to consolidate links between the Principality and the Prince of Asturias, and to contribute to, encourage and promote scientific, cultural and humanistic values that form part of mankind's universal heritage". Following the accession of the Prince as King of Spain on 19 June 2014, it

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1760-474: The disagreement of many UN member states over the implications of a permanent body. UNHCR's mandate was originally set out in its statute, annexed to resolution 428 (V) of the United Nations General Assembly of 1950. This mandate has been subsequently broadened by numerous resolutions of the General Assembly and its Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). According to UNHCR, its mandate

1815-627: The eyes of the Lebanese government. Many Syrian refugees are also in Jordan. As UNHCR is a programme governed by the UN General Assembly and the UN Economic and Social Council , it cooperates with many other programs and agencies under the United Nations in order to effectively protect the rights of refugees. On 19 September 2016, the UN General Assembly hosted the UN Summit for Refugees and Migrants,

1870-641: The issues faced by refugees around the world. These two new programs are a product of the benchmarks set out by the United Nations Millennium Development Goals . The UNHCR works in different regions of the world to raise awareness about the refugee crisis and the needs of these refugees. Since 2009, the UNHCR acknowledged a large presence of migration and refugees in the Caribbean , where the refugee crisis remained largely unreported. The issue stems from refugees who, instead of applying to

1925-584: The largest UN agencies by expenditure. The vast majority of UNHCR's budget comes from voluntary contributions, mostly from member states; the largest donors are the United States, the European Union, and Germany. The agency's work includes providing protection , shelter, healthcare and emergency relief , assisting in resettlement and repatriation, and advocating for national and multilateral policies on behalf of refugees. In recognition of its work, UNHCR has won two Nobel Peace Prizes , in 1954 and 1981, and

1980-572: The latter, according to Barnett and Finnemore, was the handling of the 1995 Rohingyan crisis. At the time, thousands of Rohingyans were fleeing Burma (or Myanmar ), seeking shelter in UNHCR camps in Bangladesh. According to some, UNHCR has been decisive in promoting the repatriation of refugees, although Non-Governmental Organizations on the field and the UN were skeptical about better political and security conditions in Burma. Also, controversies arose on

2035-591: The legal definition of a refugee under the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization for African Unity Convention , or some other treaty if they left their country, but who presently remain in their country of origin. UNHCR presently has major missions in Lebanon , South Sudan , Chad / Darfur , Democratic Republic of Congo , Iraq , Afghanistan , and Kenya to assist and provide services to IDPs and refugees in camps and in urban settings . UNHCR maintains

2090-524: The media began to play a big role, particularly in the lead up to the 1999 NATO mission in FR Yugoslavia , while by contrast, the 1994 Rwandan Genocide had little attention. The genocide in Rwanda caused a massive refugee crisis, again highlighting the difficulties for UNHCR to uphold its mandate, and the UNHCR continued to battle against restrictive refugee policies in so-called "rich" nations. According to

2145-538: The methods with which the UNHCR staff was conducting surveys in the camps to establish whether refugees were willing to move back to Burma or not. A paper published in the International Migration review puts forward the point that since the organization’s creation in 1951, overlapping and competing organizations have been created. The paper highlights that this creates opportunities in the form of inter-organization cooperation, but also challenges in that most of

2200-559: The midst of disturbing conditions. Using emotional appeals to raise public awareness, the campaign hoped to increase the interest of particularly "30 to 45-year-old professionals who are generally well educated, well-read, but have not had direct experience or knowledge of refugee issues", according to fund-raising officer Jonathan Wade. In Ireland, the UNHCR works to inform the public through different channels. The UNHCR in Ireland actively pursues media relations. It also holds public events with

2255-405: The monetary prize, even if the absence is because of force majeure. Only a few laureates have not attended; among them are Bob Dylan , who refused to go to Oviedo in 2007 but asked for the sculpture unsuccessfully, writer Philip Roth in 2012 for medical reasons, and Pau and Marc Gasol in 2015, who were not allowed to attend by their NBA teams. First awarded in 1981 it is aimed at recognizing

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2310-776: The necessity of global cooperation. As a result of this summit, the United Nations unveiled a draft set of principles that urge the international community to build on the momentum set by the adoption of the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (2016). Specifically, the 20 draft principles focus on human rights; non-discrimination; rescue and assistance; access to justice; border governance; returns; violence; detention; family unity; child migrants; women migrants; right to health ; adequate standard of living; decent work; right to education; right to information; monitoring and accountability; migrants’ human rights defenders; data; and international cooperation. The declaration set off

2365-605: The number in 2015 – fell under the mandate of the UNHCR). The sharp increase was mainly attributed to the Syrian Civil War , "with the outbreak of armed crises or the deterioration of ongoing ones in countries like Afghanistan , Burundi , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Mali , Somalia , South Sudan and the Ukraine contributing to prevailing trends". 2023's Global Trends report states that 43.4 million refugees fell under

2420-444: The organization's mandate, with 73 percent of refugees originating from just five countries: Afghanistan, Syria, Sudan, Ukraine, and Venezuela. Prior data on forced migration organized by georegion included a report by the organization in 2015. It lists: As of 2023 , the UNHCR has employed more than 18,879 staff in 138 countries. The UN General Assembly elects High Commissioners every five years. High Commissioners are supported by

2475-507: The refugee crises in Europe, there were no durable solutions in Africa, and many refugees who fled one country only found instability in their new country of refuge. By the end of the decade, two-thirds of UNHCR's budget was focused on operations in Africa, and in just one decade, the organization's focus had shifted from an almost exclusive focus on Europe. In 1967, the Protocol Relating to

2530-461: The refugee crisis that resulted from World War II . The United Nations established the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in 1950 as the successor of the IRO. The 1951 Refugee Convention established the scope and legal framework of the agency's work, which initially focused on Europeans uprooted by the war. Beginning in the late 1950s, displacement caused by other conflicts, from

2585-506: The scope of the Convention". In the 1970s, UNHCR refugee operations continued to spread around the globe, with the mass exodus of East Pakistanis to India shortly before the birth of Bangladesh . Adding to the woes in Asia was the Vietnam War , with millions fleeing Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The 1980s saw new challenges for UNHCR, with many member states unwilling to resettle refugees due to

2640-473: The sharp rise in refugee numbers over the 1970s. Often, these refugees were not fleeing wars between states, but inter-ethnic conflict in newly independent states. The targeting of civilians as military strategy added to the displacement in many nations, so even "minor" conflicts could result in a large number of displaced persons. Whether in Asia, Central America or Africa, these conflicts, fueled by superpower rivalry and aggravated by socio-economic problems within

2695-477: The unemployment rate in the governorate reaching almost 60% in 2015. This Lebanon location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . UNHCR The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees , forcibly displaced communities , and stateless people , and to assist in their voluntary repatriation , local integration or resettlement to

2750-416: The work of fostering and advancing the art of film-making, theatre, dance, music, photography, painting, sculpture, architecture or any other form of artistic expression. First awarded in 1981 it is aimed at recognizing the work of fostering and advancing the sciences and disciplines considered humanistic activities or any activity related to social communication in any of its forms. First awarded in 1981 it

2805-468: The year 2013, the UN World Food Programme was able to eliminate $ 1.4M in waste and fraud. To achieve its mandate, the UNHCR engages in activities both in the countries of interest and in countries with donors. This includes hosting "expert roundtables" to discuss issues of concern to the international refugee community. Palestinian refugees living in the areas of Jordan , Lebanon , Syria ,

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2860-455: Was announced that from 2015, the foundation and the awards are to be renamed the Princess of Asturias Awards to reflect the new heiress presumptive to the Spanish throne, Leonor, Princess of Asturias . King Felipe continued to preside over the awards ceremony until the Princess of Asturias turned 18 (the age of majority for Spanish royal purposes) on 31 October 2023. Princess Leonor first attended

2915-803: Was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1954 and 1981. The UNHCR was awarded the Indira Gandhi Prize in 2015. In 1991 was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation . Persons of concern include refugees and asylum seekers, people in refugee-like conditions, internally displaced people (IDPs), stateless persons and "others of concern to the UNHCR". The UNHCR's Mid-Year Trends report of June 2015 (based on information for mid-2015 or latest available information up to that date) reported an "unprecedented" 57,959,702 individuals falling under its mandate (for reference, on 1 January 2007, 21,018,589 people – or less than half of

2970-560: Was created by the enactment of Law 522 on 16 July 2003, in which Akkar District was separated from North Governorate . Implementation of the new region only began in 2014 with the appointment of the first and current governor, Imad Labaki , and remains incomplete as of 2017. Historically marginalized and neglected by the central government, Akkar is Lebanon's poorest region and has the country's highest illiteracy rate, and suffers from lack of basic infrastructure and services. The recent influx of Syrian refugees has exacerbated these problems, with

3025-499: Was tasked with dealing with Chinese refugees in Hong Kong , while also responding to Algerian refugees who had fled to Morocco and Tunisia in the wake of Algeria 's war for independence. The responses marked the beginning of a wider, global mandate in refugee protection and humanitarian assistance . Decolonisation in the 1960s triggered large refugee movements in Africa, creating a massive challenge that would transform UNHCR; unlike

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