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58-677: The Aichi Prefectural Police ( 愛知県警察 , Aichi-ken Keisatsu ) is the prefectural police force responsible, under the control of the Aichi Prefectural Public Safety Commission, for policing Aichi Prefecture . The mascot character is "Konoha-keibu", or "Chief Inspector Konoha" ( Japanese : コノハけいぶ, Hepburn : Konoha Keibu ), named after the prefectural bird, the Eurasian scops owl ( Japanese : コノハズク, Hepburn : Konohazuku , thus got its name.). Its origins date back to 1871 ( Meiji 4), when its predecessor organisation,

116-535: A police authority and operational units: Prefectural Public Safety Commissions (PPSC) and Prefectural Police Headquarters (PPH). Prefectural Public Safety Commissions ( 都道府県公安委員会 , todōfuken kōan īnkai ) are administrative committees established under the jurisdiction of prefectural governors to provide citizen oversight for police activities. A committee consists of three members in an ordinary prefecture and five members in urban prefectures. The members of prefectural public safety commission are appointed by

174-594: A black list of writers whose articles they were advised not to print anymore. Also in 1940, with the formation of the Taisei Yokusankai political party, the Home Ministry strengthened its efforts to monitor and control political dissent, also through enforcement of the tonarigumi system, which was also used to coordinate civil defense activities through World War II . In 1942, the Ministry of Colonial Affairs

232-655: A general affairs department ( 総務部 , sōmu-bu ) and a community police department ( 地域部 , chiiki-bu ) . There are some 289,000 police officers nationwide, about 97% of whom were affiliated with Prefectural Police Headquarters. In the Japanese police, community policing is treated as being close to crime prevention , and in rural prefectural police, community safety departments in charge of crime prevention sometimes concurrently handle community policing. Community policing officers are organised into several police stations ( 警察署 , Keisatsu-sho ) . Each station includes

290-535: A large Japanese population. In the late 1920s and 1930s, the Tokkō launched a sustained campaign to destroy the Japanese Communist Party with several waves of mass arrests of known members, sympathizers and suspected sympathizers ( March 15 incident ). In 1936, an Information and Propaganda Committee was created within the Home Ministry, which issued all official press statements , and which worked together with

348-761: A member of the Aichi Prefectural Police Special Assault Team was killed in Nagakute after a man took his ex-wife hostage. During the 29 hour standoff, the police lieutenant was shot in the neck while approaching the perpetrator when a dog barked, alerting him to the lieutenant's presence. According to the investigation report, it would be another five hours before he could be rescued, and by then, he could no longer be saved. The report recommended that bulletproof vests be more widely provided and that better sniper support be given in such situations. Prefectural police department As of 2020,

406-519: A new uniform was adopted. The jacket became the turned-down collar style with three buttons, and the vent was done away with. Also, at this time, the summer clothes became grey, but in 1968 it was changed to greyish blue. On 1 April 1994, current uniform design was adopted across all of Japan. Through the campaign against the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States and Japan at

464-562: A response to these problems, complete restructuring created a more centralized system under the 1954 amended Police Law ( 警察法 , Keisatsu-hō ) . All operational units except for the Imperial Guard were reorganized into the prefectural police departments for each prefecture and the National Police Agency was established as the central coordinating agency for these police departments. Each prefectural police department comprises

522-915: Is the Remington 158 grain lead round nose. And some elite detectives, bodyguards, or counter-terrorism units such as the Special Assault Team being equipped with 9×19mm Parabellum  calibre semi-automatic pistols such as the Heckler & Koch USP . From sometime in the 1970s, the Special Armed Police (ancestor of the Special Assault Team of the TMPD) introduced Heckler & Koch MP5A5/SD6/K submachine guns. From 2002, local counter-terrorism units (anti-firearms squads) were started to be equipped with MP5F, and there are also assault rifles in

580-600: The Head of Government . The Home Ministry also initially had the responsibility for promoting local industry, but this duty was taken over by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce in 1881. In 1885, with the establishment of the cabinet system , the Home Ministry was reorganized by Yamagata Aritomo , who became the first Home Minister. Bureaus were created with responsibilities for general administration, local administration, police, public works, public health , postal administration, topographic surveys, religious institutions and

638-634: The Home Ministry at their core. After the surrender of Japan , the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers regarded this centralized police system as undemocratic. During the occupation of Japan , the principle of decentralisation was introduced by the 1947 Police Law ( 警察法 , Keisatsu-hō ) (now commonly referred to as "Old Police Law"). Cities and large towns had their own municipal police services ( 自治体警察 , jichitai keisatsu ) , and

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696-585: The Honda NSX , Subaru Impreza , Subaru Legacy , Mitsubishi Lancer , Nissan Skyline , Mazda RX-7 , and Nissan Fairlady Z are all used in various prefectures for highway patrols and pursuit uses. With the exception of unmarked vehicles, all PPHs vehicles are painted and marked in the same ways. Ordinary police vehicles are painted black and white with the upper parts of the vehicle painted white. Motorcycles are usually all white. Vehicles for riot police units are painted blue and white, and especially vehicles for

754-669: The Howa M1500 . In the Special Assault Teams , Heckler & Koch PSG1 and L96A1 also been deployed. For Japanese police, service pistols are generally left at work when they are not on duty. In Japan , there are about 40,000 police vehicles nationwide with the most common patrol cruisers being Toyota Crowns , Subaru Legacys and similar large sedans, although small compact and micro "keI" cars are used by rural police boxes and in city centers where they are much more maneuverable. Pursuit vehicles depend on prefectures with

812-632: The Information and Propaganda Department ( 情報部 , Jōhōbu ) was elevated to the Information Bureau ( 情報局 , Jōhōkyoku ) , which consolidated the previously separate information departments from the Imperial Japanese Army , Imperial Japanese Navy and Foreign Ministry under the aegis of the Home Ministry. The new Jōhōkyoku had complete control over all news, advertising and public events. In February 1941 it distributed among editors

870-622: The Japan Coast Guard is in charge of law enforcement outside ports, police watercraft are primarily used to patrol ports and rivers , though they are sometimes also used to assist land-based units or patrol islands. All Prefectural Police Headquarters, except for the Hokkaidō Prefectural Police Department (due to the prefecture's large size) and the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (due to

928-808: The governor with the consent of the prefectural assembly. In Tokyo , the Prefectural Police Headquarters ( 警察本部 , keisatsu-honbu ) specifically refers to the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department ( 警視庁 , Keishi-chō , TMPD) . Also, Hokkaido Prefectural Police Headquarters is known as dō-keisatsu-honbu ( 道警察本部 ) , and those in Ōsaka and Kyoto Prefectures are known as fu-keisatsu-honbu ( 府警察本部 ) , and are distinguished from other Prefectural Police Headquarters ( 県警察本部 , ken-keisatsu-honbu ) . The Chiefs of Prefectural police headquarters ( 警察本部長 , keisatsu-honbu-chō ) are appointed officials at

986-483: The 1960s, procurement began to migrate to the domestic Minebea "New Nambu" M60 . When the production of the M60 was completed in the 1990s, deployment of small semi-automatic pistols was considered, but this plan was abandoned after small numbers of SIG Sauer P230 were deployed. Finally, imports from the United States were resumed, with S&W M37 and M360 revolvers having been purchased for uniformed officers. Their duty ammo

1044-780: The Aichi Division of Police was founded. The Aichi Division of Police was under the control of the Police Bureau of the Empire of Japan 's Home Ministry from 1873 to 1947, when the Diet of Japan passed the Police Act 1947 during Allied occupation. After this, the newly organised National Rural Police took over policing the Aichi prefecture. After further reform of the Police Act in 1954, local police forces were organised by prefecture and made independent under

1102-520: The Allied Powers suggested them to be equipped with firearms. Because of the insufficient stocks and lack of domestically produced handguns, Japanese police started to receive service pistols leased from the Allies from 1949, and by 1951, all officers were issued pistols. In the beginning, the makes and models of these sidearms varied, but M1911 pistols and M1917 revolvers , Smith & Wesson Military & Police and Colt Official Police were issued as

1160-631: The HM's social policy was detached from itself, then the Ministry of Health and Welfare was established. In 1947, the HM was abolished under the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers restoration, then its administrative affairs were proceeded to the National Police Agency , the Ministry of Construction , the Ministry of Home Affairs and so on. In 2001, the MOHA was integrated with the Management and Coordination Agency and

1218-570: The Home Ministry. On the other hand, with the establishment of State Shinto , a Department of Religious Affairs was added to the Home Ministry in 1900. Following the High Treason Incident , the Tokko special police force was also created in 1911. The Department of Religious Affairs was transferred to the Ministry of Education in 1913. From the 1920s period, faced with the growing issues of agrarian unrest and Bolshevik-inspired labor unrest ,

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1276-586: The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, then the Ministry of Public Management, Home affairs, Posts and Telecommunications was established. In 2004, the MPHPT changed its English name into the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications . In other words, the MIC is the direct descendant of the HM. After the Meiji Restoration , the leaders of the new Meiji government envisioned a highly centralized state to replace

1334-469: The National Rural Police ( 国家地方警察 , Kokka Chihō Keisatsu ) was responsible for smaller towns, villages and rural areas. However, most Japanese municipalities were too small to have an effectively large police force, so sometimes they were unable to deal with large-scale violence. In addition, excessive fragmentation of the police organisation reduced the efficiency of police activities. As

1392-658: The Publications Monitoring Department on censorship issues. In 1937, jointly with the Ministry of Education, the Home Ministry administered the National Spiritual Mobilization Movement , and the Home Ministry assisted in implementation of the National Mobilization Law in 1938 to place Japan on a total war footing. The public health functions of the Ministry were separated into the Ministry of Health in 1938. In 1940,

1450-699: The Rescue Squads of the TMPD are painted green and white. In Japan, the deployment of police helicopters began in 1960. They are extensively used for traffic reporting , searches for suspects, search and rescue , airlift , and other missions. Approximately 80 police helicopters are operated nationwide. Some helicopters are equipped with stabilised TV camera and microwave link systems. Police watercraft of Japan are divided into five groups: 23-meter type, 20-meter type, 17-meter type, 12-meter type, 8-meter type. As of 2014, 159 vessels are deployed nationwide. Since

1508-629: The SAT and urban AFS units. Tactical units of crime branches ( Special Investigation Team of the TMPD, for example) also introduced a semi-automatic pistol-caliber carbine variant of MP5K (unofficially called the MP5SFK). Initially, the sniper team was established in the 1960s, the Howa Golden Bear (original model of the Weatherby Vanguard ) has been used as a sniper rifle, then, it has been updated to

1566-419: The TMPD and some prefectures), a mobile investigation unit, and an identification division ( 鑑識課 , kanshiki-ka ) . The mobile investigation units ( 機動捜査隊 , kidō sousa-tai ) are first responders for initial criminal investigations, distributed among the region with unmarked cars . The special investigation teams ( 特殊事件捜査係 , tokushu-jiken sousa-kakari ) are specialised detective units of

1624-758: The Tokyo's special status as the capital), are under the central coordination for operations monitoring and wide area investigation by the Regional Police Bureaus ( 管区警察局 , Kanku Keisatsu-kyoku ) of the National Police Agency : Home Ministry The Home Ministry ( 内務省 , Naimu-shō ) was a Cabinet -level ministry established under the Meiji Constitution that managed the internal affairs of Empire of Japan from 1873 to 1947. Its duties included local administration, elections, police , monitoring people, social policy and public works . In 1938,

1682-462: The administration of the police radio networks, they provide inter-regional patrol units and air support: automobile patrols ( 自動車警ら隊 , jidōsha-keira-tai ) and a police aviation unit ( 警察航空隊 , keisatsu-kōku-tai ) , and many other assets. Originally traffic policing was mainly done by community policing officers. However, with the progress of motorization since the 1950s, traffic accidents have increased dramatically, resulting in

1740-557: The affairs of the security departments. The Special Assault Teams ( 特殊急襲部隊 , Tokushu Kyūshū Butai ) are the national-level units and Anti-Firearms Squads ( 銃器対策部隊 , Jūki-taisaku-butai ) are the local units. These units are established within the RPU basically, but the SAT of the TMPD and Osaka PPH are under direct control of their Security Bureau (TMPD) or Department (Osaka PPH). Police officers are divided into nine ranks: The National Police Agency Commissioner General holds

1798-613: The attention of the Home Ministry was increasingly focused on internal security issues. Through passage of the Peace Preservation Law#Public Security Preservation Law of 1925 , the Home Ministry was able to use its security apparatus to suppress political dissent and the curtail the activities of the socialists , communists and the labor movement . The power of the Tokkō was expanded tremendously, and it expanded to include branches in every Japanese prefecture, major city, and overseas locations with

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1856-637: The creation of an " Interior ministry " within the Daijō-kan modeled after similar ministries in European nations, headed by himself. The Home Ministry was established as government department in November 1873, initially as an internal security agency to deal with possible threats to the government from increasingly disgruntled ex - samurai , and political unrest spawned by the Seikanron debate. In addition to controlling

1914-412: The employees of the Home Ministry were purged from office. The American authorities felt that the concentration of power into a single ministry was both a cause and a symptom of Japan's pre-war totalitarian mentality, and also felt that the centralization of police authority into a massive centrally controlled ministry was dangerous for the democratic development of post-war Japan. The Home Ministry

1972-534: The end of the 1960s, helmets and protective gear for riot police officers were improved. On the other hand, general police officers were wearing blade-deflecting vests under uniforms so that they would not be noticeable, but since 2005, a strong stab vest to overlay on the uniform was adopted. And in the case of gun violence , bulletproof vests and helmets are also equipped. Ordinary police officers, riot police officers, SWAT detectives, and counter-terrorism operators use different vests of different standards. In

2030-634: The establishment of the 1954 amended Police Law, these departments are supervised by the Criminal Affairs Bureau of the National Police Agency . Criminal investigation departments or criminal investigation bureaus maintain two investigation divisions ( 捜査課 , sousa-ka ) (third or even fourth divisions are established in some urban prefecture), an organised crime investigation division ( 組織犯罪対策課 , soshikihanzai-taisaku-ka ) (reinforced as an independent department or headquarters in

2088-787: The expressway advanced, the establishment of the Expressway Traffic Police Units ( 高速道路交通警察隊 , Kōsoku-dōro kōtsu-keisatsu-tai ) was also decided in 1971. In the Empire of Japan , the criminal investigation was presided over by prosecutors , like the ministère public does in French law . With the 1947 Police Law ( ja ) and the 1948 Code of Criminal Procedure ( ja ), the responsibility of investigation has been defined to be uniquely assigned to police officers. In order to fulfil this responsibility, criminal investigation departments or criminal investigation bureaus ( judiciary police ) were set up in each police organisation. After

2146-436: The first investigation divisions, well acquainted with new technology and special tactics including tactical capabilities. They are mandated for critical incidents except for terrorism, but in some rural but well-versed prefectural police like Aomori Prefectural Police , these detectives can form a counterterrorism task force together with uniformed officers and riot specialists. In the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department,

2204-422: The following sections: Officers of the community police affairs sections are distributed in their jurisdictions, working at police boxes ( 交番 , Kōban ) , residential police boxes ( 駐在所 , Chūzai-sho ) , radio mobile patrols, etc. These community policing officers are supported by the community police department or the community safety department of the prefectural police headquarters. In addition to

2262-598: The highest position of the Japanese police . His title is not a rank, but rather denotes his position as head of the NPA. On the other hand, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department Superintendent General represents not only the highest rank in the system but also assignment as head of the TMPD. In the pre- war period, police officers wore jackets with a stand-up collar. In 1946, the jacket

2320-464: The jurisdiction for public security policing is divided into the Public Security Bureau ( 公安部 , Kōan-bu ) and Security Bureau ( 警備部 , Keibi-bu ) , being responsible for investigation activities and security forces operations, respectively. In other PPHs, their security departments are in charge of all public security policing matters; but in the departments, they are divided in

2378-626: The monitoring and guidance of the National Police Agency , and the current Aichi Prefectural Police was created. Further centralization efforts led to the merging of the Nagoya City Police in to the Aichi Prefectural Police in July 1955. Uniquely, the Aichi Prefectural Police operated a prefecture-wide fingerprinting scheme from 1955 to 1970. Aichi was the only prefecture in Japan to do so. Under

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2436-613: The mostly standard sidearms. The .38 calibre revolvers were well-received, but .45 calibre handguns were too large to carry for somewhat small officers, especially women . And M1917 revolvers in particular were obsolete, deteriorated significantly, and so malfunction or reduced accuracy had been a problem. As a response to these issues, the National Rural Police Headquarters started to import small .38 Special  calibre revolvers such as Smith & Wesson Chiefs Special and Colt Detective Special . During

2494-535: The national census . The administration of Hokkaidō and Karafuto Prefectures also fell under the direct jurisdiction of the Home Ministry, and all prefectural governors (who were appointed by the central government) came under the jurisdiction of the Home Ministry. In 1890, the Railroad Ministry and in 1892, the Communications Ministry were created, removing the postal administration functions from

2552-498: The national budget even if they belong to local police departments. Designation and dismissal of these high-ranking officers are delegated to the National Public Safety Commission . Each Prefectural police headquarters contains administrative departments (bureaus in the TMPD) corresponding to those of the bureaus of the National Police Agency as follows: In addition, urban prefectural police departments comprise

2610-464: The old feudal order. Within months after Emperor Meiji 's Charter Oath , the ancient ritsuryō structure from the late Heian period was revived in a modified form with an express focus on the separation of legislative, administrative, and judicial functions within a new Daijō-kan system. Having just returned from the Iwakura Mission in 1873, Ōkubo Toshimichi pushed forward a plan for

2668-643: The opening of Chubu Centrair International Airport in Tokoname and the Aichi Expo 2005 , the English 'POLICE' marking was added to the sides of police vehicles to make it clear to foreigners that it is a police vehicle. (The Kagoshima Prefectural Police did this first in 1999. After that, it spread to the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department , Chiba, Kanagawa, Yamanashi, Shizuoka, Kyoto, Tokushima, Hiroshima, Fukuoka, and Okinawa Prefectural Police Departments). On 17 May 2007,

2726-458: The police administration, the new department was also responsible for the Family register , civil engineering , topographic surveys , censorship , and promotion of agriculture . In 1874, administration of the post office was added to its responsibilities. In 1877, overview of religious institutes was added. The head of the Home Ministry was referred to as the "Home Lord" and effectively functioned as

2784-524: The pre-war period, most Japanese law enforcement officials only had a sabre . Only some elite detectives , bodyguards , or tactical units such as the Emergency Service Unit of the TMPD were issued pistols. The FN Model 1910 or Colt Model 1903 were used for open-carry uses, and Colt Model 1908 Vest Pocket or FN M1905 for concealed carry . During the Occupation , the Supreme Commander for

2842-506: The prefectural assembly, and the scheme was abolished as a result. The Aichi Prefectural Police is under the command of a Senior Commissioner and reports directly to the Aichi Prefectural Public Safety Commission. General Affairs Department Public Safety Department Public Safety Department Regional Department Detectives Department Traffic Department Security Department Nagoya Division of Police Aichi Prefectural Police Academy As of 1 April 2022 In 2005, with

2900-596: The same way as they are done by the MPD. They are supervised by the Security Bureau of the National Police Agency . Within their security departments or bureaus, each PPH maintains Riot Police Units ( 機動隊 , kidō-tai ) , which serve as a rapid reaction force capable of fulfilling riot police , police tactical unit , and search and rescue roles. Full-time riot police can also be augmented by regular police trained in riot duties. Counterterrorism operations are also

2958-486: The scheme, all school leavers were required to give all ten of their fingerprints to the police. The purpose of collecting fingerprint data was officially to assist in identifying accident victims. During the program, there were over 2 million prints registered. However, in 1970, after an unidentified body was found in the neighboring Nagano prefecture , it was discovered that Nagano's police force had been given access to Aichi's fingerprint data. Privacy concerns were raised at

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3016-458: The so-called traffic war , the system of traffic police was also strengthened. From the mid-1960s, mobile patrol units were installed at several PPHs, and in 1972 they were installed at all traffic departments of the PPHs as Mobile Traffic Units ( 交通機動隊 , Kōtsu-kidō-tai ) . Traffic cars (including unmarked cars ) and police motorcycles are deployed in these units. And as the development of

3074-496: The top of the chain of command in each Prefectural Police Headquarters. In the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, the name of Superintendent General ( 警視総監 , Keishi-sōkan ) is used. These police departments are responsible for every police actions within their jurisdiction in principle, but most important activities are regulated by the National Police Agency . Police officers whose rank are higher than assistant commissioner ( 警視正 , keishi-sei ) are salaried by

3132-488: The total strength of the prefectural police is approximately 260,000 sworn officers and 28,400 civilian staff, a total of 288,400 employees. In the Empire of Japan , territorial police forces were organised as departments of police of each prefectural offices ( 府県警察部 , fuken-keisatsu-bu ) . They were placed under complete centralized control, with the Police Affairs Bureau ( 警保局 , Keiho-kyoku ) of

3190-486: Was abolished, and the Home Ministry extended its influence to Japanese external territories. After the surrender of Japan , the Home Ministry coordinated closely with the Allied occupation forces to maintain public order in occupied Japan . One of the first actions of the post-war Home Ministry was the creation of an officially sanctioned brothel system under the aegis of the " Recreation and Amusement Association ", which

3248-426: Was changed to four-buttons, open-collar style with vent and in 1950, a new police duty belt to wear gun and baton was adopted. But at this point, the uniforms of the National Rural Police and the municipal police differed in details. During a reorganization in 1954, uniforms were to be unified across the country, but because that would take time, only the class chapter was unified at this time. After that, in 1956,

3306-501: Was created on August 28, 1945. The intention was officially to contain the sexual urges of the occupation forces, protect the main Japanese populace from rape and preserve the "purity" of the " Japanese race ". However, by October 1945, the scope of activities of the Home Ministry was increasingly limited, with the disestablishment of State Shinto and the abolishment of the Tokkō , and with censorship and monitoring of labor union activities taken under direct American supervision. Many of

3364-532: Was formally abolished on 31 December 1947 under the Removal of Restrictions on Political, Civil, and Religious Liberties . Its functions were dispersed to the Ministry of Home Affairs (自治省 Jiji-shō ), now the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications , Ministry of Health and Welfare (厚生省 Kōsei-shō ), now the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare , National Public Safety Commission (国家公安委員会 Kokka-kōan-iinkai ), Ministry of Construction (建設省 Kensetsu-shō ), now

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