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36-532: This area was a significant site for the Wurundjeri indigenous people, who used the basalt silcrete outcrops of this area to make stone tools . The area was also rich in food and other resources. In the mid-1800s this area was owned by pastoralist John Aitkin. In the late-1800s and early-1900s, the northern end of the site was quarried for sand, which significantly changed the topography of this area in ways that are still visible today. The Maribyrnong Sand Company

72-466: A battle as the Wurundjeri fought unsuccessfully to secure his release. Resistance was broken, and settlements throve. One elder, Derrimut, later stated: You see…all this mine. All along here Derrimut's once. No matter now, me soon tumble down…Why me have no lubra ? Why me have no piccaninny? You have all this place. No good have children, no good have lubra. Me tumble down and die very soon now. In 1863

108-672: A few years settlement began around Pound Bend with Major Charles Newman at Mullum Mullum Creek in 1838, and James Anderson on Beal Yallock, now known as Anderson's Creek a year later. Their measures to clear the area of Aboriginals was met with guerrilla skirmishing, led by Jaga Jaga, with the appropriation of cattle and the burning of fields. They were armed with rifles, and esteemed to be excellent marksmen, firing close to Anderson to drive him off as they helped themselves to his potato crop while en route to Yering in 1840. A trap set there by Captain Henry Gibson led to Jaga Jaga's capture and

144-526: A number of peaks on the Baw Baw Plateau, a long plateau tending about 20 km north-east and is about 10 km wide. Other peaks on the plateau include Mount Mueller , Mount Whitelaw, Talbot Peak, Mount St Phillack, Mount Tyers, Mount Kernot and Mount St Gwinear . The plateau itself is isolated from most of Victoria's high country by the deep valleys of the Thomson and Aberfeldy rivers and tributaries of

180-484: A species of grub found in the tree, and take the word therefore to mean " Witchetty Grub People". Wurundjeri people speak Woiwurrung , a dialect of Kulin . Kulin is spoken by the five groups in the Kulin nation. In Norman Tindale 's estimation – and his data, drawing on R. H. Mathews 's data which has been challenged – Wurundjeri lands as extending over approximately 12,500 km (4,800 sq mi). These took in

216-473: A variety of runs, with the highest going almost to the top of Mount Baw Baw with a 91 m (299 ft) rise. The resort village is at the bottom of the lifts, offering ski in-ski out access. In addition to the downhill runs there are a number of cross country trails offering access to other parts of the Baw Baw plateau. Like most lower-lying Australian ski resorts, snow cover varies greatly from year to year, but

252-618: Is an unincorporated area , that includes the Mt Baw Baw summit, which is under the direct administration of the government of Victoria, and is surrounded by the Baw Baw National Park , in the Shire of Baw Baw . Mount Baw Baw is about 120 kilometres (75 miles) east of Melbourne, 50 km (31 mi) on the north side the Latrobe Valley , due North of Moe . Mount Baw Baw itself is one of

288-534: Is home to the critically endangered Baw Baw Frog . Mount Baw Baw has a Subpolar oceanic climate ( Cfc ). The mountain summit receives more annual precipitation than most places in mainland Australia, with frequent and heavy snow between May and October but can occur at any time of the year (as well as a persistent snowpack ). Frequent, heavy cloud cover and strong winds mean that minimum temperatures rarely drop below −5 °C (23 °F), whereas maximum temperatures are frequently at or below 0 °C (32 °F);

324-460: Is no altitudinal treeline limit; subalpine grasslands and shrublands occur in flat valley bottoms on the plateau as a result of cold-air drainage. Much of this subalpine zone is included in the 133 km (51 sq mi) Baw Baw National Park . The Baw Baw Village ski resort is technically outside the national park. The climate of the plateau itself is subalpine, with an average annual precipitation of 1,900 mm (75 in). Snow covers

360-574: Is not as long as, but considerably steeper than, any of the hors catégorie climbs featured in the Tour de France . The Mount Baw Baw Classic, which began in 2001, is an annual cycling race held by the Warragul Cycling Club, and ends at the Mount Baw Baw village. There is a purpose-built downhill track located on the south western side of the mountain, facing towards the sea. The course has hosted

396-417: Is regularly available for the local ski season from about July to the end of September. The alpine resort village has modern facilities and caters for both day-trippers and long-term visitors, with accommodation, ski hire, food outlets, medical and information centres all within walking distance of the car parks. During the summer months, Mt Baw Baw is popular for hiking and bushwalking given its location in

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432-509: The 2009 Victorian heatwave most of the state saw highs of above 45 °C (113 °F), while the temperature on Mount Baw Baw's summit reached a comparatively cool maximum of just 31.3 °C (88.3 °F). The summit is located within the boundaries of the Mount Baw Baw Alpine Resort , an unincorporated area of Victoria. There are about 30 hectares (74 acres) of mainly beginner-intermediate ski runs . Seven lifts service

468-625: The Baw Baw National Park . The alpine grasses are blanketed with wildflowers and walks at a higher elevation pass through snow gum forest. Popular walks include the Great Walhalla Alpine Trail, which starts at the gold mining town of Walhalla and finishes at the Mt Baw Baw Alpine Resort. The hike is the first 40 km (25 mi) of the Australian Alps Walking Track. The Mt Baw Baw Summit Walk arrives at

504-650: The La Trobe River , including the Tanjil and Tyers rivers to the south. The Baw Baw massif consists of a late Devonian granodiorite pluton . There is relatively little relief on the plateau itself, the highest point reaching 1,567 metres (5,141 feet). The lower slopes of the plateau are covered in montane eucalypt forest and tall forest, and creek valleys have cool temperate rainforest of myrtle beech, Nothofagus cunninghamii . Above 1,200 m (3,900 ft) snow gum ( Eucalyptus pauciflora ) woodland occurs. There

540-636: The Woiwurrung language group , in the Kulin nation . They are the traditional owners of the Yarra River Valley, covering much of the present location of Melbourne . They continue to live in this area and throughout Australia. They were called the Yarra tribe by early European colonists. The Wurundjeri Woi Wurrung Cultural Heritage Aboriginal Corporation was established in 1985 by Wurundjeri people. According to

576-593: The Wurundjeri Woi Wurrung Cultural Heritage Aboriginal Corporation was established to fulfil statutory roles under Commonwealth and Victorian legislation and to assist in raising awareness of Wurundjeri culture and history within the wider community. Wurundjeri Elders often attend events with visitors present where they give the traditional welcome to country greeting in the Woiwurrung language : Wominjeka yearmenn koondee-bik Wurundjeri-Ballak which means, "Welcome to

612-502: The 160 m (520 ft) line. The two Registered Aboriginal Parties representing the two groups were the Bunurong Land Council Aboriginal Corporation and the Wurundjeri Woi Wurrung Cultural Heritage Aboriginal Corporation . However, these borders are still in dispute among several prominent figures and Wurundjeri territory has been claimed to spread much further west and south. The Wurundjeri balluk

648-658: The Birrarung and its tributaries. The Wurundjeri and Gunung Willam Balug clans mined diorite at Mount William stone axe quarry which was a source of the highly valued greenstone hatchet heads, which were traded across a wide area as far as New South Wales and Adelaide. The mine provided a complex network of trading for economic and social exchange among the different Aboriginal nations in Victoria. The quarry had been in use for more than 1,500 years and covered 18 hectares including underground pits of several metres. In February 2008

684-592: The Wurundjeri and Boonwurrung, were agreed between the two groups, after being drawn up by the Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Council . The new borderline runs across the city from west to east, with the CBD , Richmond and Hawthorn included in Wurundjeri land, and Albert Park , St Kilda and Caulfield on Bunurong land. It was agreed that Mount Cottrell , the site of a massacre in 1836 with at least 10 Wathaurong victims, would be jointly managed above

720-433: The area south from Mount Baw Baw to Dandenong , Cranbourne and the swampland at the head of Western Port bay . As colonization began, it was estimated that something of the order of 11,500-15,000 Aborigines, composed of some 38 tribal groups, were living in the area of Victoria. The earliest European settlers came across a park-like landscape extending inland from Melbourne, consisting of large areas of grassy plains to

756-468: The areas of the Yarra and Saltwater rivers around Melbourne, and ran north as far as Mount Disappointment , northwest to Macedon , Woodend , and Lancefield . Their eastern borders went as far as Mount Baw Baw and Healesville . Their southern confines approached Mordialloc , Warragul , and Moe . In June 2021, the boundaries between the land of two of the traditional owner groups in greater Melbourne ,

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792-464: The early Australian ethnographer Alfred William Howitt , the name Wurundjeri, in his transcription Urunjeri , refers to a species of eucalypt, Eucalyptus viminalis , otherwise known as the manna or white gum, which is common along the Yarra River. Some modern reports of Wurundjeri traditional lore state that their ethnonym combines a word, wurun , meaning Manna gum /"white gum tree" and djeri ,

828-544: The highest peak of the Baw Baw plateau, elevation 1564m. Situated at the summit is the historic cairn used as a survey reference in 1903. The access road to the resort, the Mount Baw Baw Tourist Road, features one of the toughest climbs accessible by road bicycles in Australia. The final climb of 6.2 km (3.9 mi) rises 718 m (2,356 ft) at an average grade of 11.5%, maxing out at 20.3%. The climb

864-705: The land of the Wurundjeri people". Ngurungaeta : Other notable Wurundjeri people include: Mount Baw Baw Mount Baw Baw ( / ˈ b ɔː ˈ b ɔː / ) is a mountain summit on the Baw-Baw Plateau of the Great Dividing Range , located in Gippsland , Victoria , Australia . The name is from the Yarra-Yallou, Gunna-Kurnai people of Gippsland. It is of uncertain meaning, but possibly signifies, echo , or ghost . The Mount Baw Baw Alpine Resort

900-465: The main part of the site. This "military bridge" no longer exists but part of its abutment can still be seen in the conservation reserve. The bridge was used to transport munitions to the site for their storage, testing and disposal. The topography of the site was further altered by the construction of the North West Sewer later in the 20th century; spoil from which was spread over the southern part of

936-478: The mountain is often shrouded in low cloud or mist in winter, thereby reducing diurnal range. The mean afternoon humidity of 80%, is extreme (especially for a mainland Australian region). Summers are cool with temperatures rarely rising above 25 °C (77 °F); summers can also be very cold, with a maximum temperature of just −0.4 °C (31.3 °F) recorded on 25 December 2006, and 1.0 °C (33.8 °F) on both 11 January 2012 and 16 February 1998. During

972-419: The north and southwest, with little forest cover, something thought to be testimony of indigenous sheet burning practices to expose the massive number of yam daisies which proliferated in the area. These roots and various tuber lilies formed a major source of starch and carbohydrates. Seasonal changes in the weather, availability of foods and other factors would determine where campsites were located, many near

1008-399: The past must be found and collected from documents. By finding and doing this, Wurundjeri will bring their past to the present and recreate a place of belonging. A "keeping place" should be to keep things for future generations of our people, not a showcase for all, not a resource to earn dollars. I work towards maintaining the Wurundjeri culture for Wurundjeri people into the future. In 1985,

1044-513: The plateau from June to September. It is thought that Baron Ferdinand von Mueller made the first recorded European ascent of Baw Baw in 1860, naming Christmas Creek on one of his major collecting expeditions. It was on this trip that he collected the Baw Baw Berry, Wittsteinia vacciniacea . There are two routes up the mountain; one via Noojee and Icy Creek which is very winding, and the unsealed South Face Road via Erica . Mount Baw Baw

1080-407: The reserve. Caves in the northern part of the reserve that had been filled in with earth were observed by researchers in 2005. Anecdotally, these caves were used for munitions testing. The possible future excavation of these caves, together with sub-surface testing of other areas of the reserve, has been recommended to further investigate the indigenous occupation of this area. The conservation park

1116-591: The site was placed on the Australian National Heritage List for its cultural importance and archeological value. Settlement and dispossession of the Wurundjeri lands began soon after a ceremony in which Wurundjeri leaders conducted a tanderrum ceremony, whose function was to allow outsiders temporary access to the resources of clan lands. John Batman and other whites interpreted this symbolic act, recorded in treaty form , as equivalent to medieval enfeoffment of all Woiwurrong territory. Within

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1152-656: The surviving members of the Wurundjeri tribe were given "permissive occupancy" of Coranderrk Station, near Healesville and forcibly resettled. Despite numerous petitions, letters, and delegations to the Colonial and Federal Government, the grant of this land in compensation for the country lost was refused. Coranderrk was closed in 1924 and its occupants bar five refusing to leave Country were again moved to Lake Tyers in Gippsland . All remaining Wurundjeri people are descendants of Bebejan, through his daughter Annie Borate (Boorat), and in turn, her son Robert Wandin (Wandoon). Bebejan

1188-401: Was a Ngurungaeta of the Wurundjeri people and was present at John Batman 's "treaty" signing in 1835. Joy Murphy Wandin , a Wurundjeri elder, explains the importance of preserving Wurundjeri culture: In the recent past, Wurundjeri culture was undermined by people being forbidden to "talk culture" and language. Another loss was the loss of children taken from families. Now, some knowledge of

1224-649: Was composed of two patrilines who resided in two distinct localities. These were respectively the Wurundjeri-willam and the Baluk-willam , where willam means "camping ground"/dwelling. The Wurundjeri Willum resided throughout the territory on the Yarra running along its sources as far as Mount Baw Baw and to the area where it forms a junction with the Maribyrnong River . The Balluk-willam's territory cover an area from Mt. Baw Baw: Their territory covers

1260-493: Was purchased by Moonee Valley City Council in October 2003 for AU$ 900,000. A master landscape plan was issued for the site and won a number of design awards. The plan emphasises conservation and recreational use of the park. 37°45′26.50″S 144°52′59.76″E  /  37.7573611°S 144.8832667°E  / -37.7573611; 144.8832667 Wurundjeri The Wurundjeri people are an Aboriginal people of

1296-483: Was set up in the early 20th century to transport the sand by barge downriver to the then-industrial suburbs of Footscray and Yarraville , for use in the production of glass, concrete and ceramics. In the 20th century, the site was part of the Defence Explosive Factory Maribyrnong . Because the rest of the defence site was on the other side of the river, a bridge was built to connect the area to

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