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48-602: Adidas Roteiro ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁuˈtɐjɾu] ) is a football made by German company Adidas . It was the official match ball of the UEFA Euro 2004 in Portugal and later, was the official match ball for the 2004 AFC Asian Cup held a month later in China . "Roteiro" means "road map" or "navigation chart" in Portuguese and was a reference to the discoveries made by

96-401: A football is roughly 22 cm (8.66 inches) in diameter for a regulation size 5 ball. Rules state that a size 5 ball must be 68 to 70 cm (27 to 28 in) in circumference. Averaging that to 69 cm (27 in) and then dividing by π gives a diameter of about 22 cm (8.7 in). Regulation size and weight for a football is a circumference of 68–70 cm (27–28 in) and

144-484: A friar died at the location where Bell Ville would later be established. The friar's name and religious order remain undisclosed, leading to the area being known as Fraile Muerto (Dead Friar). In addition, in 1585, an expedition led by General Alonso de la Cámara, accompanied by Juan de Mitre, departed from Córdoba to establish the shortest route between Córdoba and Buenos Aires. They marked the route every four leagues for mule trains, carts, and messengers. At Fraile Muerto,

192-493: A marker was placed to signify the river crossing known as "El paso grande" (The big pass), where the banks were cleared for easier transit. In the first thirty years of the 19th century the zone was a battlefield between the Creoles and the ranqueles , as well as field of combat between "federal" and "unitary", happening in 1818 in the surrounding areas the fratricidal combat between the troops supervised by Juan Bautista Bustos and

240-429: A more modern appearance. In 1838, Charles Goodyear introduced vulcanized rubber , which dramatically improved football. Vulcanization is the treatment of rubber to give it certain qualities such as strength, elasticity, and resistance to solvents. Vulcanization of rubber also helps the football resist moderate heat and cold. Vulcanization helped create inflatable bladders that pressurize the outer panel arrangement of

288-410: A progressive increase in population. Massive immigration of Italians and Spaniards occurred from around 1880 through the railway . Since 1991, and notably after the closure of a major meatpacking plant in 1998, the city has experienced a marked slowdown in population growth. The first Europeans to set foot in the area where Bell Ville now stands were ten survivors of Sebastián Gaboto 's expedition in

336-683: A response to the problems with the balls in the 1962 FIFA World Cup , Adidas created the Adidas Santiago – this led to Adidas winning the contract to supply the match balls for all official FIFA and UEFA matches, which they have held since the 1970s, and also for the Olympic Games . They also supply the ball for the UEFA Champions League which is called the Adidas Finale . In early FIFA World Cups, match balls were mostly provided by

384-546: A weight of 410–450 g (14–16 oz). The ball is inflated to a pressure of 0.6–1.1 bars (8.7–16.0 psi) at sea level. This is known as "Size 5". Smaller balls, Sizes 1, 3, and 4, are also produced for younger players or as training tools. Following consultations with football associations, clubs and ball manufacturers, FIFA has developed non-compulsory recommendations for appropriate sizes, circumferences and weights of balls for different age groups of youth football. There are different types of football balls depending on

432-694: Is a great source of pride for all residents of Bell Ville and remains unique throughout Argentina, yet it does not have its own headquarters. The committee members rarely exceed 17 years of age. UBES, as it is popularly known, has shown tangible evidence of what youth can achieve when entrusted with responsibilities. UBES organizes traditional mini UBES competitions, cultural, environmental, and sports events, and also hosts dances for Friendship Day, students, and graduates. Recently, this organization has added valuable community initiatives and many proposals that are being implemented year by year to improve everything that simple students are maintaining. On August 7, 1921,

480-430: Is equidistant from the two most important cities on National Route 9, lying 200 km southeast of Córdoba and 200 km northwest of Rosario. Besides primary activities like agriculture ( soybeans , wheat , sunflowers , maize ) and cattle farming, and secondary ones (elaborated products of the aforementioned), Bell Ville has a peculiar local industry: the manufacturing of footballs . The city prides itself in being

528-605: Is located in the Humid Pampas region, along the banks of the Ctalamochita River (also known as Río Tercero), at kilometer 500 of National Route 9 where it intersects with National Route 3 (Argentina) . It is traversed by the significant broad-gauge railway branch of the General Bartolomé Mitre Railway , which connects the city of Córdoba, Argentina with Buenos Aires via Rosario . Bell Ville's location

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576-510: Is situated in the region known as the humid pampas, at the intersection of Provincial Route 3 and National Route 9. The Tercero River (also known as Ctalamochita River) meanders through the city for approximately 10 km. It is navigable by medium-sized boats and Barges , although its potential as a waterway remains underutilized. Bell Ville hosts several clubs that compete in the Bellvillense Football League, headquartered in

624-681: The Laws of the Game maintained by the International Football Association Board . Additional, more stringent standards are specified by FIFA and other big governing bodies for the balls used in the competitions they sanction. Early footballs began as animal bladders or stomachs that would easily fall apart if kicked too much. Improvements became possible in the 19th century with the introduction of rubber and discoveries of vulcanization by Charles Goodyear . The modern 32-panel ball design

672-578: The "National Capital of the Football". The population of Bell Ville is 34,439 inhabitants according to the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina (INDEC) in 2010, reflecting a growth of 7.4% compared to the 32,066 inhabitants reported in the previous census of 2001. According to the 1779 census, the population of Fraile Muerto (now Bell Ville) was 1,682 inhabitants, with an average of 8.4 individuals per family. The population composition

720-614: The Argentine Federal Police, located in a building on Rivadavia Street, and the Provincial Police, situated in a facility on España Avenue which includes a prison. In 2009, Bell Ville established the Citizen Security department, equipped with two vehicles dedicated to road safety. Each vehicle is manned by one municipal police officer and one provincial police officer. This institution operates nightly from 20:00 to 06:00

768-595: The Central Hospital was established in Bell Ville, which over the years acquired the name of its first director, Dr. José Ceballos. It soon became the primary center for patient care in the city and the wider Unión Department . The healthcare complex offers inpatient services, including special wards for children, maternity, neonatology, traumatology, intensive care, surgery, and medical clinics for men and women. It also features specialized areas for Mental Health and for

816-550: The Portuguese in the 15th and 16th century, in particular Vasco da Gama . It is made by Adidas and it was presented on 1 December 2003 in Lisbon . For the first time in a major football tournament, every single ball at the Euro 2004 was personalized to each game. The Roteiro balls had inscribed the name of the teams playing, the date, the name of the stadium, and the longitude and latitude of

864-548: The ball. The microchip technology was considered for the goal-line technology . The ball used in the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia had an embedded chip which did not provide any measurements, but provided 'user experience' via smartphone after connecting with the ball via NFC . Companies such as Umbro , Mitre , Adidas , Nike , Select and Puma are releasing footballs made out of new materials which are intended to provide more accurate flight and more power to be transferred to

912-458: The center spot of the pitch. It was the first ball to feature an innovative thermal-bonding production technique developed by Adidas. Adidas supplied 2,300 balls for games and training sessions for the tournament. Ball (association football) A football or soccer ball is the ball used in the sport of association football . The ball's spherical shape, as well as its size, weight, mass, and material composition, are specified by Law 2 of

960-584: The child as a whole person, the Children's Home extends its influence to the family, neighborhood, and community, working intensively within the home environment. Bellvillense Union of Secondary Students (U.B.E.S.) Founded in 1948 to foster the development of future community leaders, the Bellvillense Union of Secondary Students has played, continues to play, and will continue to play a significant role in Bell Ville. This entity, with over 70 years of history,

1008-463: The city center for 3 km. This feature provides centrally located beaches within Parque Tau, known as Playa Paso de la Arena and Playa El Diquecito. During summer, these beaches are equipped with lifeguards and bars. Playa El Diquecito also features a boat and jet ski ramp. Bell Ville features several monuments: Bell Ville hosts a canoeing club established by Edgardo Roth and Francisco Geminiani in

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1056-467: The city of Córdoba (1871), and to have to stop in the railway station so called "Dead Friar", he decided to change the name of the railway station, naming it Bell Ville for a double motive: the paronomasia with Beautiful Villa in honoring to the Scottish colonists from Dunbar , Antonio and Ricardo Bell, who established themselves in the place and they had initiated an agriculture and modern ranching (cattle) in

1104-456: The city. The league includes teams from nearby towns and cities such as Leones, Morrison, and Marcos Juárez . Some of the notable clubs in Bell Ville include: Bell Ville has hosted 2 editions of the Five-pin billiards World Championship in 1968 and 1978 While primarily known for agriculture and industry, Bell Ville offers recreational opportunities centered around its river, which runs through

1152-478: The following day, aimed at preventing nighttime robberies. As part of the construction of the Children's Plaza, a security camera system was installed to deter vandalism and criminal activities. Bell Ville experiences a temperate climate according to data collected by NASA between 1931 and 1960. The average annual temperature is 17° C with a mean maximum of 25° C and a mean minimum of 9° C . The city receives an average annual precipitation of 800 mm. Bell Ville

1200-427: The football to be pressurised. The ball's outside is made of leather, synthetic leather , polyurethane or PVC panels. The surface can be textured, weaved or embossed for greater control and touch. The panel pairs are either machine-stitched, hand-stitched or thermo-bonded (glued and bonded by heat) along the edge. To prevent water absorption balls may be specially coated, or the stitches bonded with glue. The size of

1248-883: The football when it is kicked or when the ball hits a surface is tested. Two styles of footballs have been tested by the Sports Technology Research Group of Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering in Loughborough University ; these two models are called the Basic FE model and the Developed FE model of the football. The basic model considered the ball as a spherical shell with isotropic material properties. The developed model also used isotropic material properties but included an additional stiffer stitching seam region. Manufacturers are experimenting with microchips and even cameras embedded inside

1296-416: The football. Modern footballs are more complex than past footballs. Most footballs consist of twelve regular pentagonal and twenty regular hexagonal panels positioned in a truncated icosahedron spherical geometry. Some premium-grade 32-panel balls use non-regular polygons to give a closer approximation to sphericality. The inside of the football is made up of a latex or butyl rubber bladder which enables

1344-471: The football. Charles Goodyear's innovation increased the bounce ability of the ball and made it easier to kick. Most balls of this time had tanned leather with eighteen sections stitched together. These were arranged in six panels of three strips each. During the 1900s, footballs were made out of leather with a lace of the same material (known as tiento in Spanish) used to stitch the panels. Although leather

1392-716: The hosts from local suppliers. Records indicate a variety of models being used within individual tournaments and even, on some occasions, individual games. Over time, FIFA took more control over the choice of ball used. Since 1970 Adidas have supplied official match balls (all of which were made in Sialkot , Pakistan ) for every tournament. The most up-to-date balls used in various club football competitions as of 2024–25 season are: Adidas Finale Munich (UCL) Adidas Finale Lisbon (UWCL) Nike Flight Malaysia Cup Malaysia FA Cup MFL Cup Piala Sumbangsih The association football symbol ( U+ 26BD ⚽ SOCCER BALL )

1440-533: The late 1960s. Members can store or borrow canoes and kayaks at the club, conveniently located in Parque Tau with direct access to the Tercero River. Although the city was never officially founded, municipal authorities recognized November 9, 1676, as its founding date after thorough historical research. Every year, the city celebrates its anniversary with a parade involving local institutions (firefighters, schools, police, among others) and nearby communities (such as

1488-469: The match and turf including training footballs, match footballs, professional match footballs, beach footballs, street footballs, indoor footballs, turf balls, futsal footballs and mini/skills footballs. Many companies throughout the world produce footballs. The earliest balls were made by local suppliers where the game was played. It is estimated that 40% of all footballs are made in Sialkot , Pakistan with other major producers being China and India. As

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1536-432: The material used to create them. Footballs have dramatically changed over time. During medieval times balls were normally made from an outer shell of leather filled with cork shavings. Another method of creating a ball was using animal bladders to make it inflatable inside. However, these two styles of footballs were easy to puncture and were inadequate for kicking. It was not until the 19th century that footballs developed

1584-705: The need for more space, the Lions Club undertook the construction of a building at the corner of España and Corrientes avenues, which was inaugurated on April 29, 1979, allowing for the care of 80 children. Subsequently, Banco Sudecor Cooperativo Limitado donated two classrooms that were inaugurated on June 3, 1982. Today, the Children's Home accommodates children aged between 3 and 14 years, providing comprehensive education. They receive balanced meals daily, including breakfast and lunch, along with behavioral norms and comprehensive medical and social assistance. The children are supported with educational activities. Considering

1632-608: The processing and industrialization of agricultural raw materials. The local industry is primarily in food processing and metallurgy, particularly in the manufacturing of agricultural machinery and parts. Bell Ville is also home to 11 small and medium-sized companies specializing in the production of soccer balls, grouped under the Argentine Manufacturers' Circle of Balls and Related Products (CAFABA). The largest of these companies employs 30 staff and contracts around 150 seamstresses. On December 29, 2000, Ordinance No. 1150/2000

1680-478: The rehabilitation of patients with alcohol and drug problems. Currently, Dr. Tomás Guillermo serves as the hospital's director. Additionally, municipal dispensaries are located throughout the city to provide rapid first aid assistance to the entire population. Bell Ville also hosts private clinics such as "Clínica Mayo," "Clínica Unión," "Clínica Regional," among others. Some health cooperatives with their own facilities include "AMMA." Bell Ville hosts branches of

1728-547: The spring of 1529, under the command of Francisco César. They encountered the main settlement of the Litines, a subgroup of the Het people , named after their chief Litín. After staying for several days, the explorers continued their journey through dense forests along the riverbanks, rich with Prosopis trees, chañares , tasis ( Araujia sericifera ), molles and mistoles . According to engineer Agustín Villarroel in his book, in 1584-1585,

1776-598: The troops under the order of Estanislao López . The second half of the 1860s the real development of the population began with the construction of the tracing of the Central Argentine Railroad that would join - between other cities - Buenos Aires with Córdoba . At the end of 1870 when the First Industrial Exhibition travel for the above-mentioned railroad the president at the time Domingo Faustino Sarmiento to inaugurate Argentina realized in

1824-521: The year 1863, the first specifications for footballs were set by the Football Association . Previous to this, footballs were made out of inflated animal bladder, with later leather coverings to help footballs maintain their shapes and sizes. In 1872, the specifications were revised and have been kept essentially unchanged by the International Football Association Board . Differences in footballs made since this rule came into effect have been with

1872-495: The zone. In 1872 the whole population happened to be call Bell Ville. From the second half of the 19th century the population received great quantity of immigrants proceeding from Europe , and it obtained the range of city on August 17, 1908. Like other cities in the Humid Pampas , Bell Ville is a prosperous urban center whose economy is based on primary and secondary sectors, specifically agriculture (soybeans, wheat, sunflowers, maize) and livestock farming (cattle), as well as

1920-513: Was at least 1,200 inhabitants. Population growth remained steady until 1815 when raids intensified, causing a decrease as people moved towards Río Cuarto and the Cuyo provinces. From 1866, English , Scottish , and Irish immigrants arrived due to the proximity of the railway's construction, the quality and affordability of the land. The end of the war with Paraguay in 1868 was beneficial as returning troops helped control raids more effectively, leading to

1968-487: Was decided to name the school after its creator and first director, Ernesto Bianchi, who had passed away in Buenos Aires in 1953. Currently, the band consists of 97 musicians. The Children's Home Founded on September 11, 1966, at 240 Corrientes Street, premises donated by the parish of Bell Ville. Since then, 20 children have been lovingly cared for, thanks to widespread community support. The project expanded, and due to

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2016-591: Was developed in 1962 by Eigil Nielsen , and technological research continues to develop footballs with improved performance. The 32-panel ball design was soon joined by 24-panel balls as well as 42-panel balls, both of which improved on performance prior to 2007. A black-and-white patterned spherical truncated icosahedron design, brought to prominence by the Adidas Telstar , has become a symbol of association football . Many different designs of balls exist, varying both in appearance and physical characteristics. In

2064-437: Was enacted, establishing the "Industrial Pole Bell Ville," which attracted several local industries to the area. According to the provincial census of 2008, the city was home to 172 small and medium-sized industries, as well as 1,040 businesses. Education in the city is extensive, with various institutions at different levels. Music School and Municipal Band of Bell Ville "Ernesto Alfonso Bianchi" The Municipal Children's Band

2112-505: Was introduced by computing standard Unicode . The symbol was representable in HTML as ⚽ or ⚽ . The addition of this symbol follows a 2008 proposal by Karl Pentzlin. Bell Ville In the place where the city stands today, a friar died under unknown circumstances, and neither his name nor his religious congregation became known. Consequently, the area was initially called "Fraile Muerto" (Dead Friar). Bell Ville

2160-615: Was officially founded on October 31, 1938, during Arturo Matterson's mayoralty, and was led from the beginning by Ernesto Bianchi (an Italian born in Monteleone in 1870), with assistance in musical education from Mr. Armando Moine. To sustain it, a tax on public performances was established, and an administrative commission was created to manage its affairs, composed of Mr. José Di Lollo, Emilio Chinetti, Leopoldo Rodino, Domingo Giardilli, Salvador Leonetti, Enrique Rassero, and Eduardo Tossolini. On June 8, 1955, during Hugo Leonelli's mayoralty, it

2208-405: Was perfect for bouncing and kicking the ball, when heading the football (hitting it with the player's head) it was usually painful. This problem was most probably due to water absorption of the leather from rain, which caused a considerable increase in weight, causing head or neck injury. By around 2017, this had also been associated with dementia in former players. Another problem of early footballs

2256-436: Was predominantly Spaniards (57%), followed by Mulattos (25%), Mestizos (7%), Indigenous people (6%), and Blacks (5%). There was a significant exodus in 1734 towards Pago de Areco and the province of Buenos Aires, resulting in a sparse population between 1734 and 1745. By 1744, records from the countryside census of Buenos Aires Province indicated 150 families from Córdoba, suggesting that the population of Fraile Muerto in 1720

2304-576: Was that they deteriorated quickly, as the plastic used in manufacturing varied in thickness and in quality. The ball without the leather lace was developed and patented by Romano Polo, Antonio Tossolini and Juan Valbonesi in 1931 in Bell Ville , Córdoba Province, Argentina . This innovative ball (named Superball ) was adopted by the Argentine Football Association as the official ball for its competitions since 1932. The deformation of

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