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62-481: The St. Regis Toronto is a mixed-use skyscraper located in the downtown core of Toronto , Ontario , Canada. It was built by Markham -based Talon International Development Inc., which is owned by Canadian businessmen Val Levitan and Alex Shnaider . The hotel portion of the building is owned by InnVest Hotels LP, which acquired it in 2017. The building is located in Toronto's Financial District , at 325 Bay Street , on

124-503: A Canadian private company backed by Hong Kong capital) acquired the hotel from JCF Capital for an undisclosed amount and announced that the 65-storey facility would receive a significant renovation and be renamed The St. Regis Toronto once the initial phases of the renovation were complete. Prior to the renovation and rebranding to St. Regis, Marriott International operated the property as The Adelaide Hotel Toronto on an unbranded basis. The building and Shnaider have been named as key links in

186-513: A circuit which energizes the warning light. These lights can generally be found attached to any tall structure such as broadcast masts and towers , water tanks located on high elevation, electricity pylons , chimneys , tall buildings , cranes and wind turbines . Shorter structures that are located close to airports may also require lighting; an example of such is the south scoreboard at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wisconsin built in 2013, which

248-438: A construction and development manager in downtown Toronto , was the construction manager for this project. On March 23, 2007, Talon International Development Incorporated of Markham announced that it had reached an agreement with international bank Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich AG (RZB) to arrange CA$ 310 million in construction financing for its Trump International Hotel & Tower development. Construction began with

310-544: A financial connection between U.S. President Trump and the Russian government. According to some people who knew the transaction in 2017, a Russian-Canadian developer named Alexander Shnaider, who also one of the Trump's partners financed the hotel for its development after selling his company's share in a Ukrainian steelmaker for $ 850 million. The buyer, who financed by Vnesheconombank (VEB), have been described as "an entity acting for

372-451: A less favoured option. With the advent of LEDs, white strobes are still somewhat desired. It is common to find structures using white xenon flashers/white strobes during the daytime, and red lights at night. Red lights are commonly found to be used in urban areas, since it is easier for pilots to spot them from above. White strobes (that flash round the clock) (60 per minute for flashing marking "a unique signal that pilots should interpret as

434-407: A particularly grave hazard to low flying aircraft. A simple and cost-effective solution to this problem is installing marking lights directly on the wires, but there are significant technical difficulties to low-cost power extraction from a distribution system which carries high voltages and wide-range AC current . The ideal warning light must be able to power itself while clamped to a single wire of

496-406: A result has been undergoing Manhattanization with the construction of new office towers, hotels and condos. As of 2016, the population of downtown Toronto was 237,698 people with 503,575 jobs located within the area. The population density was 143 people per hectare, and the job density was 303 jobs per hectare. The Royal Conservatory of Music is a non-profit music education institution that

558-688: A separate entrance and elevators from hotel guests. Builders planned to connect the building to Toronto's underground PATH network, however this plan was dropped because of the high costs associated with tunnelling under the city. Developer Harry Stinson intended to create a friendly rivalry with Trump for the tallest mixed-use building in Canada with the Sapphire Tower . As a result, the planned heights of both projects were revised several times in an attempt to outdo each other, and Stinson's skyscraper would have been 17 metres taller in its last design. However,

620-438: A subsidiary of Bluesky Hotels and Resorts. The hotel management shifted to Marriott International , which operated it on an unbranded basis as The Adelaide Hotel Toronto during renovations. After the renovations were completed, the hotel became part of Marriott's St. Regis Hotels & Resorts on 28 November 2018, adopting its present name. The tower has 65 stories, 57 occupiable floors, is 276.9 m (908 ft) tall, and

682-541: A warning that catenary wires are in the vicinity of the lights") may also be used in urban areas. It has been recommended that flashing white strobes should not be used in densely populated areas, as the lights usually merge with background lighting at nighttime, making it difficult for pilots to spot them, aggravating the hazard. In addition, residents near the lit structure will complain of light trespass. In rural areas, red beacons/strobes may also be used during nighttime. White strobes are (sometimes) preferred since they reduce

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744-465: A warning that catenary wires are in the vicinity of the lights." On electric transmission towers , lights may be energized either from the electric field surrounding the energized conductor, or the magnetic field produced by current through the conductor. The first approach takes advantage of the high electric potential gradient around conductors. The second approach is based on Faraday's law of induction involving magnetic flux flowing through

806-637: Is St. Lawrence Hall, St. James' Cathedral , St. Michael's Cathedral , St. Paul's Basilica , the Enoch Turner School House, the Bank of Upper Canada, Le Royal Meridien King Edward Hotel, and the Gooderham Building . On Saturday there is a farmers' market. Other historical districts in downtown Toronto include Cabbagetown , Corktown , the Distillery District , and Old Town . To the west of

868-428: Is a system in which a structure is equipped with white strobes for daytime use, and red lights for nighttime use. In urban areas, these are commonly preferred since it usually exempts a structure from painting requirements. One advantage to the dual system is that when the uppermost red lights fail, the lighting switches onto its backup lighting system, which uses the white strobes (at its night intensity) for nighttime. In

930-478: Is adjacent to the downtown area, and the much larger Toronto Pearson International Airport located 27 km to the northwest. 43°39′9.01″N 79°23′0.81″W  /  43.6525028°N 79.3835583°W  / 43.6525028; -79.3835583 Aircraft warning lights The lights generally come in two forms: Both types were in use in the United Kingdom until recently. New regulations stipulate

992-704: Is an arts school whose main building is located in Grange Park. The Université de l'Ontario français is a French-language postsecondary institution situated in East Bayfront. Toronto Metropolitan University and the University of Toronto are research universities , with the former located in the Garden District and the latter's St. George campus situated in the Discovery District. Apart from its St. George campus,

1054-677: Is clad with a steel, glass, and stone facade. The building includes 261 luxury hotel rooms and 118 residential condominium suites. The top two floors of the hotel section house a 5,486 m (59,050 sq ft) spa . The tower was designed by Zeidler Partnership Architects and is the tallest mixed-use building in Canada. The hotel occupies floors 2-31, while floors 32-57 are occupied by condominium suites. Residential suites range in size from 207 m (2,230 sq ft), and were designed with upscale fixtures and 3.4 to 4 m (11 to 13 ft) ceilings. Suite prices started at CA$ 1.2 million . There are 4-6 suites per floor. Residents have

1116-504: Is headquartered in downtown Toronto. Four different public school boards provide primary and secondary education for the City of Toronto, as well as the downtown area. Two Toronto-based school boards provide instruction in the English language , the secular Toronto District School Board , and the separate Toronto Catholic District School Board . The other two Toronto-based school boards,

1178-489: Is home to many furniture stores, interior design studios and contemporary casual dining options . The CF Toronto Eaton Centre , a large, multilevel enclosed shopping mall and office complex that spans several blocks and houses 330 stores, is the city's top tourist attraction with over one million visitors weekly. Other indoor shopping malls include College Park , the Tenor , Aura , Yorkville Village , Atrium on Bay , Village by

1240-519: Is the city's major intermodal transportation hub, providing access not only to local and regional public transit , but also to inter-city rail services like Via Rail . In addition to surface-level pedestrian sidewalks, much of downtown Toronto is also connected through the PATH Underground , an extensive network of underground pedestrian tunnels , skyways , and at-grade walkways. Nearby airports include Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , which

1302-495: Is the intersection of the city's subway lines and is one of the busiest intersections in the city. At the intersection of Avenue Road and Bloor Street is the Royal Ontario Museum , the largest museum in the city, with a diverse anthropological and natural history collection. The Harbourfront area to the south was formerly an industrial and railway lands area. Since the 1970s, it has seen extensive redevelopment, including

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1364-683: Is the tallest building in Canada at a height of 298 metres (978 feet). The CN Tower , once the tallest free-standing structure in the world, remains the tallest such structure in the Americas, standing at 553.33 metres (1,815 ft., 5 inches). Other notable buildings include Scotia Plaza , TD Centre , Commerce Court , the Royal Bank Plaza , The Bay 's flagship store, and the Fairmont Royal York Hotel . Since 2007, urban consolidation has been centred in downtown Toronto and as

1426-479: Is the tallest structure in the general area of nearby Austin Straubel International Airport . The International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ) sets standards, usually adopted worldwide, for the performance and characteristics of aviation warning lamps. Lights are usually arranged in clusters of two or more around the structure at specific heights on the tower. Frequently there will be a set at

1488-528: Is usually required on towers over 200 feet tall, but may vary from state to state and near airports internationally. Because such a paint scheme is expensive to apply, antenna towers and masts are often built to heights just below the level of requirement. Antenna towers and masts often also have other aircraft warning features located at equal distances along their height and at their tops. These may include high powered strobe lights or LED lights in either red, white, or both colors in an alternating pattern. In such

1550-639: The Princess of Wales Theatre . The area is now the site of Roy Thomson Hall and the Canadian Broadcasting Centre . The Yorkville area, to the north, north of Bloor Street and the Mink Mile , has more than 700 designer boutiques, spas, restaurants, hotels, and world-class galleries. It is a former village in its own right (prior to 1883) and since the early 1970s has developed into an up-scale shopping district. The intersection of Bloor and Yonge Streets

1612-483: The Seneca Polytechnic . Downtown Toronto is home to the flagship department stores of The Bay , Saks Fifth Avenue and Holt Renfrew . The traditional shopping districts concentrated on Queen Street West and King Street East have seen recent growth to encompass the area surrounding Yonge–Dundas Square . The Old Town portion of the downtown, stretching from St. Lawrence Market to the Distillery District

1674-538: The Zaporizhstal steel mill to buyers financed by VEB, who were then themselves acquired by the bank. Shnaider then used proceeds from the sale to partially meet cost overruns at the Tower. Shnaider's lawyer told The Wall Street Journal that $ 15 million from the sale to the Russian bank went into the tower, and then recanted. The tower has been controversial since its opening because of lower than expected occupancy rates in

1736-438: The "hotel-condo" portion of the building that led to a legal battle between real estate investors and Talon International Development. As of October 2016, the following units (not including parking spaces) had been sold to investors: Investors wanted to opt out of purchase agreements because they believe the sales tactics used by Talon regarding financial projections were misleading. The Ontario Securities Commission investigated

1798-509: The 1960s. The area of St. Lawrence to the east of the financial district is one of the oldest areas of Toronto. It features heritage buildings, theatres, music, dining and many pubs. It is a community of distinct downtown neighbourhoods including the site of the original Town of York, which was Toronto's first neighbourhood, dating back to 1793. The area boasts one of the largest concentrations of 19th-century buildings in Ontario. Of particular note

1860-434: The 1970s, Toronto experienced major economic growth and surpassed Montreal to become the largest city in Canada. Many international and domestic businesses relocated to Toronto and created massive new skyscrapers downtown. All of Canada's Big Five banks constructed skyscrapers beginning in the late 1960s up until the early 1990s. Today downtown Toronto contains dozens of notable skyscrapers. The area's First Canadian Place

1922-455: The City of Toronto grew impatient and considered commencing litigation. In October 2016, JCF Capital ULC (a private firm that had bought the construction loan on the building) announced that it was seeking court approval under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act to have the building sold in order to recoup its debt, which then totalled $ 301 million. The Ontario Superior Court of Justice approved

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1984-606: The Grange, Manulife Centre and the PATH underground city network , the largest underground shopping complex in the world. Emerging retail destinations include Mirvish Village , the Well and the renovated St. Lawrence Market North . Yonge Street , a major arterial route in the city, begins at the northern shore of the Toronto Harbour and runs through downtown, continuing north all the way to

2046-475: The Russian government." Trump quickly denied it and stated in February 2017 that there is "no person that I deal with [has dealings with Russia]." Downtown Toronto Downtown Toronto is the main city centre of Toronto , Ontario, Canada. Located entirely within the district of Old Toronto , it is approximately 16.6 square kilometres in area, bounded by Bloor Street to the northeast and Dupont Street to

2108-606: The Sapphire Tower failed to gain approval of city council, in part because it would have cast a shadow over Toronto City Hall 's Nathan Phillips Square , and its development company filed for bankruptcy in 2007. At that time, the Trump Tower's design was also scaled back and the height was reduced because of the real estate market slowdown. The building was built on a previously vacant lot, used only for parking, between Scotia Plaza and The National Club . Lewis Builds Corporation,

2170-538: The Toronto Police Museum and Discovery Centre. The Financial District , centred on the intersection of Bay Street and King Street is the centre of Canada's financial industry . It contains the Toronto Stock Exchange , which is the largest in Canada and tenth in the world by market capitalization as of 2021. The construction of skyscrapers in downtown Toronto had started to rapidly increase since

2232-514: The US and Canada, red incandescent beacons are slowly being withdrawn from service and being replaced with red strobes or red LEDs. For high-tension power lines, white strobes are equipped to flash 60 times per minute, using the same intensities as stated above. Unlike common white strobes, these strobes are specified not to flash simultaneously. The FAA-mandated flash pattern is middle, top, and bottom to provide "a unique signal that pilots should interpret as

2294-645: The University of Toronto also operates two satellite campuses outside the downtown core in Mississauga and Scarborough . Colleges based in downtown Toronto include George Brown College , Toronto Film School , Trebas Institute , and the Randolph College for the Performing Arts . Four other colleges that are based outside of downtown Toronto, but operate satellite branches in the downtown core include Collège Boréal , Georgian College , Humber College and

2356-645: The building of the Rogers Centre stadium, numerous condominiums and the Harbourfront Centre waterfront revitalization. The area to the east of Yonge Street is still in transition, with the conversion of industrial lands to mixed residential and commercial uses planned. Among the important government headquarters in downtown Toronto include the Ontario Legislature , and the Toronto City Hall . In

2418-505: The building would allow Talon International Development to disassociate itself, and by extension, for Toronto to disassociate itself, from Trump and his remarks. Following Trump's election, the site became the subject of protests against Trump, despite the fact that it was only branded with the Trump name under licence due to a management deal, and was not otherwise owned by him. In March 2017, JCF Capital ULC (a joint venture between Juniper Capital Partners and Cowie Capital Partners) acquired

2480-590: The building, including 211 hotel units, 74 condo units and most of the commercial, retail and amenity space, for $ 298 million. On June 27, 2017, JCF Capital reached an agreement to buy out the Trump Organization's management contract for the property, meaning that the hotel would drop the Trump branding. Bloomberg reported that the property was likely to be rebranded under Marriott International 's St. Regis banner. On June 29, 2017, InnVest Hotels LP (a Toronto-based subsidiary of Bluesky Hotels and Resorts Inc.,

2542-429: The city of Barrie, Ontario . Other notable streets include Dundas , Bloor , Queen , King , and University . The Toronto Transit Commission administers the Toronto area's public transportation system, including buses , streetcar , and subways . The regional public transportation service, GO Transit , also provides bus and commuter train service to downtown Toronto from its hub, Union Station . Union Station

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2604-614: The cleanliness. The area has also seen the opening of the Dundas Square public square, a public space for holding performances and art displays. The area includes several live theatres, a movie complex at Dundas Square and the historic Massey Hall . Historical sites and landmarks include the Arts & Letter Club, the Church of the Holy Trinity, Mackenzie House, Maple Leaf Gardens, Old City Hall, and

2666-549: The downtown is located along Yonge Street from Queen Street to College Street. There is a large cluster of retail centres and shops in the area, including the Toronto Eaton Centre indoor mall. There are an estimated 600 retail stores, 150 bars and restaurants, and 7 hotels. In recent years the area has been experiencing a renaissance as the Business Improvement Area (BIA) has brought in new retail and improved

2728-631: The financial district is the Entertainment District . It is home to hundreds of restaurants, nightclubs, sporting facilities, boutiques, hotels, attractions, and live theatre. The district was formerly an industrial area and was redeveloped for entertainment purposes in the early 1980s, becoming a major centre for entertainment. The redevelopment started with the Mirvish family refurbishing the Royal Alexandra Theatre and their construction of

2790-605: The line using glass/ceramic isolators: in fact several meters of suspended conductor are generally required, total length being inversely proportional to the line voltage. The second approach is based on Faraday's law of induction involving magnetic flux flowing through a circuit which powers the warning light. On some tall structures there are or were non-standard aircraft warning lights installed. Aviation laws also require towers and masts to be painted with equal length stripes of international orange and white paint along their length to improve daytime visibility. This paint scheme

2852-449: The line. Lights may be powered either from the electric field surrounding the energized wire, or the magnetic field produced by current through the wire. The first approach takes advantage of the high electric potential gradient between conductors, but a strong enough capacitive coupling is requested to allow capacitive extraction of the power required from the warning light. This means that long conductors must be suspended parallel to

2914-425: The maintenance cost (i.e. no maintenance of painting, no red side lights) and there are no background lights that would blend with the strobes. There are a medium-intensity white strobe and a high-intensity white strobe. Medium-intensity white strobes are usually used on structures that are between 200 and 500 feet (61 and 152 meters). If a medium white strobe is used on a structure greater than 500 feet (150 meters),

2976-562: The matter in 2012 and decided not to take action, but several investors sued Talon, its principals and Trump for various claims, including recovery of their deposits, damages for loss of opportunity and consequential damages , negligent misrepresentation and conspiracy . Talon counter-sued the investors who did not pay the remaining purchase price by December 13, 2012. In July 2015, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice dismissed two test cases , while finding that income estimates for

3038-445: The north side of the tower read "TRUM", and the public art feature Lightline was missing. The tower's spokesman, Dorenda McNeil, told media in May 2013 that "from our perspective, the building is not yet fully complete. We will turn it [the public art feature] on at the right opportunity". Because the light feature is a public art piece promised as part of the approval process for development,

3100-671: The northwest, Lake Ontario to the south, the Don Valley to the east, and Bathurst Street to the west. It is also the home of the municipal government of Toronto and the Government of Ontario . The area is made up of Canada's largest concentration of skyscrapers and businesses that form Toronto's skyline. Since 2022, downtown Toronto has the second most skyscrapers in North America exceeding 200 metres (656 ft) in height, behind only Midtown Manhattan, New York City . The retail core of

3162-620: The project were "hypothetical" in nature, but the judgment was partially overturned in October 2016 at the Ontario Court of Appeal , which held that: In 2017, the Supreme Court of Canada rejected the defendants' appeal from the ruling against them by the Ontario Court of Appeal. In August 2013, close to six years after the start of construction, the building was incomplete. The "TRUMP" sign on

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3224-489: The removal of the sales centre in September 2007. The official groundbreaking was on October 12, 2007. The hotel portion of the tower was planned to be completed in late 2011. The tower was projected to be completed in early 2012. The building topped out in early September 2011, and the spire was raised on September 24, 2011. The hotel opened for business on January 31, 2012, and its grand opening occurred on April 16, 2012. Work on

3286-479: The request to appoint a receiver on November 4, 2016. The court allowed for its auction which took place in March 2017, but no bidders took part, other than one stalking horse offer . In December 2015, Josh Matlow , Toronto City Councillor for Ward 22, created a petition to rename the building, due to the controversial remarks made by Trump during the early phases of his presidential campaign . Matlow stated that renaming

3348-510: The secular Conseil scolaire Viamonde , and the separate Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir provide instruction in the French language . Several independent schools also operate within downtown Toronto. Downtown Toronto is home to four public universities , the University of Toronto , OCAD University , Université de l'Ontario français and Toronto Metropolitan University . OCAD University

3410-470: The southeast corner of Bay and Adelaide streets. Including the spire , it is the second-tallest building in Canada , the tallest mixed-use building in Toronto and the fourth-tallest structure in Toronto , as of 2020. The building opened in 2012 as the Trump International Hotel and Tower Toronto . The Trump family -owned The Trump Organization held the management contract for the hotel and

3472-440: The structure must be painted. The common medium white strobe flashes 40 times per minute, at an intensity of 20,000 candelas for daytime/twilight, and 2,000 candelas at nighttime. A high-intensity white strobe is used on structures that are taller than 700 feet (210 meters). These lights provide the highest visibility both day and night. Unlike a medium strobe, a high-intensity strobe does not provide 360° coverage; this requires

3534-502: The top of the building continued until completion in July 2012 with the activation of two high-intensity aircraft warning lights . In May 2017, The Wall Street Journal reported that Russian state-owned Vnesheconombank (VEB) provided financing for the construction of the hotel in 2010. According to the Panama Papers , in 2010, Shnaider sold at least half of Midland Group 's ownership in

3596-407: The top, and then one or more sets equally spaced down the structure. The United Kingdom 's Belmont mast has nine clusters of red lamps spaced equally along the full height of the mast. Conductor marking lights are sometimes used (in conjunction with overhead wire markers ) to make overhead power lines more visible. Because power lines are often suspended between widely spaced masts, they present

3658-517: The use of arrays of high-power red LEDs in place of incandescent bulbs, which has only been possible since the development of LEDs of sufficient brightness. LED-based lamps have a significantly longer lifespan than incandescent bulbs, thus reducing maintenance costs and increasing reliability. Several manufacturers have also developed medium-intensity white strobes based on LED technology to replace xenon. Xenon flashers, whilst more visually impressive, tend to require frequent replacement and so have become

3720-459: The use of at least 3 high strobes at each level. On the other hand, it reduces maintenance costs (i.e. no painting). If the structure has an antenna at the top that is greater than 40 feet, a medium-intensity white strobe light must be placed above it rather than below. The common high white strobe flashes 40 times per minute, at an intensity of 270,000 candelas for daytime, 20,000 candelas at twilight, and 2,000 candelas at nighttime. Dual lighting

3782-464: The use of red lamps at nighttime only. Xenon flashers are gradually being phased out. In the United States and Canada , there are several types of lights: Traditionally, red lamps (or beacons) use incandescent filament bulbs . To improve the otherwise quite short lifespan, they are made with a ruggedised design and are run below normal operating power (under-running). A recent development has been

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3844-528: Was a minority shareholder in the project. This affiliation with Donald Trump – then a real estate developer and reality-television star, later President of the United States – was controversial, and led to public calls to drop the building's Trump branding. The management contract was bought out by JCF Capital in June 2017, and the hotel portion of the building was then purchased by InnVest Hotels LP,

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