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76-623: Barwa Addax was formed as a result of Alejandro Agag purchase of the Campos Racing GP2 team . Campos Racing was started by former Formula One driver Adrián Campos in 1998, and competed in the GP2 Series since its inaugural season in 2005 . After the 2008 season , in which Campos won the teams' championship, he elected to step down and pass control of the GP2 team to Agag, a businessman with motorsport interests. Campos Racing continues to compete in

152-499: A Championship season. The cars are set up with high downforce ; not as is popularly believed to increase cornering speeds, as many of the corners are taken at such a low speed to negate any aerodynamic effect, but instead to shorten braking times and keep the cars stable under acceleration. Many teams use special wing assemblies incorporating extra active planes in addition to those in use for other circuits. The Jordan and Arrows teams tried to use new mid-wings in 2001. The Arrows wing

228-541: A city circuit, its conformation is closely linked to that of the principality's road system. The changes were almost entirely connected to redefinitions of the ordinary roads of the town. In the first editions of the Grand Prix, the start and finish were placed on Boulevard Albert 1er (the innermost straight, which leads to the Sainte Dévote curve). In 1955 the start and finish were moved to the opposite straight, overlooking

304-631: A controversial decision against some member parties of the EPP, he pushed for the acceptance of Forza Italia , Silvio Berlusconi 's party, into the organization. Berlusconi went on to win the 2001 Italian elections. In 2000, Agag was elected to be the Secretary General of the Christian Democratic International in Mexico, now known as Centrist Democratic International . In 2001, Agag made

380-519: A decision to cease his political activities in order to further his career in business and sporting activities. The following year he was succeeded as Secretary General of the EPP by Antonio López-Istúriz . He remained a member of the European Parliament until 2002. In 2002, Agag moved to London and started his own consultancy firm. Agag founded a company called Addax Capital LLP, which is regulated by

456-401: A degree in economics and business studies. In 1989, Agag joined Nuevas Generaciones (NNGG), the youth organization of the main centre-right Spanish party Partido Popular , which at the time was in the opposition. He joined the international relations department due to his knowledge of multiple languages. During that time, Agag traveled extensively, representing NNGG in organizations such as

532-445: A double turn at 90 degrees. It was then renamed "Nouvelle Chicane". In 1997 the first "Piscine" corner was modified: the shifting of the track edge protections improved the visibility for the drivers and allowed a higher speed. A year later (at the request of Pasquale Lattuneddu , chief operating officer of Formula One Management), the whole area of the paddock was surrounded with shatterproof fences, in order to reduce and better manage

608-475: A race at the circuit. Louis Chiron did it at the non-championship 1931 Monaco Grand Prix ; 82 years later, Stefano Coletti crossed the line in first position at the sprint race of the 2013 Monaco GP2 Series round . The third driver to do so was Stéphane Richelmi at the sprint race of the 2014 Monaco GP2 Series round . The fourth was Charles Leclerc at the 2024 Monaco Grand Prix . The track has remained substantially unchanged since its creation in 1929: as

684-421: A rather serious one), the drivers urged a change in the sector between the exit of the tunnel and the "Nouvelle Chicane", complaining (above all) about the disconnection of the road surface and incorrect positioning of the guard rail in the escape route opposite the tunnel. However, these requests were not followed up. In 2015 the "Tabac" curve was re-profiled, slightly anticipating the entrance and thus shortening

760-520: A shorter 1.760 km (1.094 mi) version of the Monaco Grand Prix circuit, which was subsequently used for the 2014–15 , 2016–17 and 2018–19 seasons. This layout omitted the regular section of the track between the climb up the hill at Beau Rivage and the Nouvelle Chicane at the exit of the tunnel, instead turning right immediately after Saint Devote to head downhill, before rejoining

836-546: A transition between spring and summer. Monaco, in general, has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csa ), although since the track is only used for a brief period in May, when it is being used it has a narrower temperature range than the principality itself has throughout the year. For the Monaco Grand Prix, temperatures are usually around 20 °C (68 °F) in terms of ambient conditions, whereas sun exposure can make

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912-649: Is a Spanish businessman. He is the Chairman of Addax Capital LLP. Agag was born in Madrid to an Algerian - Belgian father, Youssef Agag, who was a banker, and a Spanish mother, Soledad Longo Álvarez de Sotomayor. There, he went to Colegio Retamar, Pozuelo de Alarcón, a fee-paying school affiliated with Opus Dei , a Catholic movement. Agag graduated from the Colegio Universitario de Estudios Financieros (CUNEF) in Madrid with

988-502: Is a short straight to Tabac , so called as there used to be a tobacconist on the outside of the corner. Tabac is a tight fourth-gear corner which is taken at about 195 km/h (121 mph). Accelerating up to 225 km/h (140 mph), the cars reach Piscine , a fast left–right followed by a slower right–left chicane which takes the cars past the Rainier III Nautical Stadium , its swimming pool gives its name to

1064-508: Is annually used on three weekends in April–May for Formula One Monaco Grand Prix , Formula E Monaco ePrix and Historic Grand Prix of Monaco . Formula One's respective feeder series over the years – Formula 3000 , GP2 Series and today the Formula 2 and FIA Formula 3 championships and Porsche Supercup  – also visit the circuit concurrently with Formula One. The Monaco Grand Prix

1140-478: Is at a premium (starting from the 2014 season, the same gear ratios must be used throughout the season). A special steering rack with a larger pinion gear is also fitted to allow the cars to be driven around the tightest corners. The circuit has been used as a special stage during the WRC Monte Carlo Rally , for example in 2008 . On 18 September 2014 it was announced the Formula E would be racing on

1216-561: Is chairman of the Formula E Championship , an electric car racing series. The inaugural season began in September 2014 and lasted until June 2015. On 5 September 2002, Agag married Ana Aznar Botella, the daughter of then-prime minister José María Aznar and politician Ana Botella , at El Escorial in Madrid. Guests included King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofia of Spain . Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi served as witnesses. Agag

1292-585: Is fluent in Spanish, English, French, and Italian. Circuit de Monaco Circuit de Monaco is a 3.337 km (2.074 mi) street circuit laid out on the city streets of Monte Carlo and La Condamine around the harbour of the Principality of Monaco . It is commonly, and even officially, referred to as " Monte Carlo " because it is largely inside the Monte Carlo neighbourhood of Monaco. The circuit

1368-553: Is one of the three events victories in which count towards the Triple Crown of Motorsport . The idea for a Grand Prix race around the streets of Monaco came from Antony Noghès , the president of the Monegasque motor club , Automobile Club de Monaco , and close friend of the ruling Grimaldi family. The inaugural race was held in 1929 and was won by William Grover-Williams in a Bugatti . To date, only four local drivers have won

1444-527: Is still considered the ultimate test of driving skills in Formula One. It contains both the slowest corner in Formula One (the Fairmont Hairpin, taken at just 48 km/h or 30 mph) and one of the quickest (the flat out kink in the tunnel, three turns beyond the hairpin, taken at 260 km/h or 160 mph). Due to the tight and twisty nature of the circuit, it favours the skill of the drivers over

1520-424: The 2006 race so as to prevent Fernando Alonso and Mark Webber  – who were both following and were on flying laps – from out-qualifying him. Rascasse takes the cars into a short straight that precedes the final corner, Virage Antony Noghès . Named after the organiser of the first Monaco Grand Prix, the corner is a tight right-hander which brings the cars back onto the start-finish straight, and across

1596-429: The 2010 season , Petrov graduated to Formula One, also with Renault, and Valsecchi moved to the iSport International team, so Addax signed second-year drivers Giedo van der Garde and Sergio Pérez . Pérez quickly assumed the role of team leader, winning five races and establishing himself as eventual champion Pastor Maldonado 's main rival, whilst Van der Garde finished seventh overall with three podium finishes. Addax

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1672-509: The 2012 season , Pic graduated to F1 with Marussia and Van der Garde moved to the Caterham Racing team as part of his deal to become the Caterham F1 team's reserve driver; Addax signed the unfancied pairing of Johnny Cecotto Jr. and Josef Král to replace them. Having previously scored a meagre four points over more than two years of GP2, Cecotto made a breakthrough with Addax, winning

1748-594: The Democrat Youth Community of Europe and EYCD. Agag was elected International Secretary of NNGG at their congress in 1994. In the same year, Agag graduated from university and became Deputy Secretary General of the European People's Party (EPP), an offer that was a direct result of the election of the German Klaus Welle as Secretary General a few months earlier. As Deputy Secretary General, Agag

1824-610: The European F3 Open Championship , and in 2010 they entered Formula One as Campos Meta 1 before being taken over and renamed Hispania Racing. Agag renamed the team Addax after the eponymous species of antelope, and retained the name of team sponsor Barwa International , a Qatari real estate company, for the 2009 season. Addax signed 2008 GP2 Asia Series season champion Romain Grosjean and existing Campos driver Vitaly Petrov for its 2009 campaign. Grosjean took

1900-578: The GP3 Series . Through his connection within the sport, Agag has worked with Flavio Briatore , Bernie Ecclestone and Lakshmi Mittal . Together, they bought the English football club Queens Park Rangers (QPR) in 2007. Agag was chairman of QPR for a few months during the takeover and then remained in the club as a shareholder. QPR was promoted to the English Premier League in 2011. He

1976-563: The prime minister at the time, José María Anzar . He spent three years in that position. In 1999, he was elected a member of the European Parliament for the Partido Popular . He entered the Economic and Monetary Affairs Commission, focusing on antitrust policy. The next year, he led the Parliament's report on antitrust policy and was active in redrafting that policy. Also in 2000, he

2052-413: The "Sainte Dévote" and "Anthony Noghes" corners were modified: in order to slow down the transit of the cars, curbs and protections were repositioned. In 1986, thanks to the expansion of the roadway implemented in the chicane area of the port, the chicane itself was modified and made slower: instead of the previously existing fast change of direction, deemed too dangerous, new curbs were installed to design

2128-540: The 1950s the only existing lane after the Tabac was the one mentioned; in fact, in those years, the lane that we now call "promenade" with the two "Piscine" chicanes was not yet defined, and only in the 1960s images we can notice the progress of the landfilling about that portion of the bay, including the Piscine area which would be completed shortly thereafter. In 1963 the starting line was moved back to Boulevard Albert 1er (opposite

2204-407: The 1997 race winner Michael Schumacher got the chequered flag after just 62 of the planned 78 laps due to the very slow pace of half a minute slower than dry-weather lap times on the very wet track seeing the clock hit the two hours of maximum time well before the race distance was completed. The tunnel can be sprinkled under wet conditions to provide for consistent track conditions, although during

2280-456: The 2012 Grand Prix that the additional risk is "justifiable once a year". If it were not already an existing Grand Prix, it would not be permitted to be added to the Formula One schedule, for safety reasons. In January 2009, the circuit was voted top of the "Seven Sporting Wonders of the World" in a poll of 3,500 British sports fans. The lap starts with a short sprint up Boulevard Albert Ier, to

2356-465: The 2022 Grand Prix "wasn't really racing." There have been various ideas on how to give racers more opportunity to pass, and one of these is to extend the race track along the east side of Hercules harbor and add a second DRS zone. As of May 2024, the layout history and fastest official race lap records at the Circuit de Monaco are listed as: The Monaco Grand Prix is run on the final Sunday of May, in

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2432-762: The FSA. Agag is currently Chairman of Addax and was joined in 2009 by Ignacio Muñoz Alonso , former CEO of Rothschild Bank in Spain. In 2007, the Financial Times named him one of the 10 "shakers and movers" of the Spanish economy, and described him as a "political hopeful, economist, banker and indefatigable dealmaker." GQ Magazine named him the Spanish Businessman of the Year in 2008. Agag's business activity within sports mainly focuses on motorsport and football . According to

2508-629: The Spanish newspaper El País , Agag and Flavio Briatore acquired the Formula One T.V. rights in Spain. Agag owned the Barwa Addax GP2 Series Team, which won the title in 2008 and was runner-up in 2009. He took over the team from former F1 driver Adrián Campos in mid-2007. The team's main sponsor was the Qatari real estate company Barwa. In 2010, the Addax GP3 Team competed in

2584-586: The bite rate between disk and pads, increasing the average temperature of the brakes. Conversely, cooling the cars' engines is a major concern. Formula One cars do not incorporate any form of forced cooling, relying solely on air moving over the car to remove heat from the radiator elements. In the past many teams used to adjust the radiator intakes to allow for extra airflow, creating the once-common "Monaco nose". Before 2014, teams also used closer ratio gears, as there are hardly any long straights in Monaco and acceleration

2660-541: The championship behind runaway leader Grosjean, now back in the series and driving for DAMS . However, he slipped back to fifth in the standings after a poor end to the season and was pipped by Pic, who impressed with three pole positions and two race victories. Despite finishing fourth and fifth in the drivers' standings, Addax won its second teams' championship by virtue of the fact that the top three—Grosjean, Luca Filippi and Jules Bianchi —had all been partnered with teammates who scored much fewer points by comparison. For

2736-407: The championship respectively. Addax finished eighth in the teams' championship. For the 2011 season , Addax recruited Dominic Storey , Gabriel Chaves and Dean Smith . Chaves was the only driver to complete the season, as Storey was replaced by Tom Dillmann after two rounds of the championship, and Vittorio Ghirelli took Smith's seat for the final round. On this occasion, Smith was the best of

2812-458: The chicane after the tunnel, and to a lesser extent into the Sainte-Dévote and Mirabeau corners. With a lack of temperature, brake bite becomes a problem, as the surface of the carbon brake disc becomes smooth as glass, reducing friction between the pads and the disk, hence lessening braking power. To combat this, in 2006 Juan Pablo Montoya adopted discs with radial grooves that increased

2888-453: The construction of new civil buildings. In particular, a new hotel was under construction in the "Old Station" hairpin area (Hotel Loews, later renamed Fairmont), resulting in an extension of the tunnel towards the "Portier" curve. Images and videos from 1973 show the unusual passage under the new long tunnel, above which the pillars of the Loews hotel are being built. At the exit of the tunnel there

2964-439: The corner. Following Piscine , there is a short straight followed by heavy braking for a quick left which is immediately followed by the tight 135-degree right-hander called La Rascasse . This is another corner that requires full steering lock; it is remembered as the location of one of the most suspicious manoeuvres in recent Formula One history when Michael Schumacher appeared to deliberately stop his car during qualifying for

3040-432: The curve with a narrower trajectory. Since the 2003 edition, the traffic divider at the "Sainte Dévote" curve has been removed in order to widen the track: the track design is now left to the curb only. This has meant, for safety reasons, an extension of the exit lane from the pits: in practice, once the "proper" pit lane has been left, the drivers must remain in the yellow line that "cuts" the "Sainte Dévote". The pit lane

3116-612: The drivers' standings, with three wins between them, whilst Addax finished third in the teams' standings. For the 2009–10 season , the team ran the drivers it would employ for the main series (Pérez and Van der Garde) at some rounds, but also fielded Max Chilton , Luiz Razia and Rodolfo González at others; the changes restricted the team to tenth in the championship. For the final GP2 Asia season in 2011 , Addax reverted to running its main series drivers (Van der Garde and Pic) throughout. Van der Garde took two podium finishes to finish third overall, but Pic failed to score any points. Addax

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3192-583: The famous tunnel, a unique feature of a Formula One circuit. (Until 2009 only one other circuit, Detroit in 1982–1988, featured a tunnel, but the F1 series now includes racing at the Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi , which presents a shorter tunnel at the exit of the pit lane.) As well as the change of light making visibility poor, a car can lose 20–30% of its downforce due to the unique aerodynamic properties of

3268-402: The feature races at Monaco (from pole position) and Hockenheim . However, his inconsistency limited him to ninth overall in the drivers' championship. On the other side of the garage, Král was replaced by HRT F1 third driver Dani Clos for four races after the first round of the championship, and then endured a run of twelve races without scoring, before taking his own first series victory in

3344-867: The five, scoring two podium finishes and setting a fastest lap to take 12th overall; Chaves was 19th and Storey 37th; Dillman and Ghirelli were 14th and 25th having also competed for other teams. Addax again finished eighth in the teams' championship, but with eight more points than in 2010. Addax elected to withdraw from the GP3 Series following the conclusion of the 2011 season. ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) ( key ) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) Alejandro Agag Alejandro Tarik Agag Longo

3420-509: The full track layout. Several commentators and drivers have criticised the circuit's design, saying that it creates boring races. Criticism has been directed towards how few overtake attempts are performed, the slow speeds at which the cars take the Fairmont Hairpin , as well as how frequently the driver who sets the pole position wins. Fernando Alonso has said that the race is "the most boring race ever", and Lewis Hamilton stated that

3496-442: The installation of new grandstands and the expansion of the pit lane, which was also equipped with semi-permanent two-storey buildings (instead of the previous tiny prefabricated structures) to better accommodate the teams, the technicians and the material. Before the 2007 season, the internal curb of the "Grand Hotel" hairpin was significantly lowered and widened, in order to allow the single-seaters to climb on it and eventually face

3572-472: The left of the track, a reminder of the unique nature of the circuit. This leads to the tight Mirabeau corner, which is followed by a short downhill burst to the even tighter Fairmont Hairpin (was known as the Station Hairpin before the hotel was opened on the site in 1973; the hairpin's name changed depending on the name on the hotel). It is a corner which has been used for many overtaking manoeuvres in

3648-401: The line to start a new lap. Monaco is one of the three circuits which have only one DRS zone, the others being Suzuka and Imola . During the race, it is active along the pit straight from Antony Noghès to Sainte-Dévote, for a total of 510 m (560 yd). Monaco's street circuit places very different demands on the cars in comparison to the majority of the other circuits used during

3724-412: The long left-hander at Massenet . The maximum gradient in this part of the circuit is around 12%. Out of Massenet, the cars drive past the famous casino, Monte Carlo Casino , before quickly reaching the aptly named Casino Square . This part of the track is 44 m (144 ft) higher than the lowest part. The cars snake down Avenue des Beaux Arts, the next short straight, avoiding an enormous bump on

3800-409: The long tunnel makes wet racing extremely challenging. This was demonstrated by the 1984 , 1996 , 1997 , 2008 , 2016 , 2022 and 2023 events. The 1984 event was red-flagged due to track conditions being deemed too dangerous with the race not being restarted. In 1996, the mixed-weather conditions caused carnage, paving way for Olivier Panis ' shock win in an unfancied Ligier . The following year,

3876-436: The new portion along the harbour, which followed the layout of the swimming pool and ended in a new chicane around the "La Rascasse" restaurant and a slight climb to the "Anthony Noghes Curve" before rejoining the starting straight. The boxes were reinstalled in the old lane (now free). 1972 was also the last year for the passage through the old tunnel. In 1973, as anticipated, the track was modified at various points also due to

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3952-437: The past. However, it would be almost physically impossible for two modern F1 cars to go round side by side, as the drivers must use full steering lock to get around. It is so tight that many Formula 1 teams must redesign their steering and suspension specifically to negotiate this corner. After the hairpin, the cars head downhill again to a double right-hander called Portier, named after the region of Monaco, before heading into

4028-497: The people authorised to access them. In 2003 the second "Piscine" curve underwent a treatment similar to that of the first curve, with the shifting of the barriers to improve visibility, while the arrangement of new temporary curbs went to slow down the passage of the cars. However, the most important novelty was the widening of the port lane: in this way the segment between "Piscine" and "La Rascasse" could be rectified, becoming faster and less demanding. The extra space also allowed for

4104-420: The power of the cars. However, there is very little overtaking as the course is so narrow and dangerous, as demonstrated by the 2021 Monaco Grand Prix having only one overtake in a 78 lap race (when Mick Schumacher overtook his teammate Nikita Mazepin on the opening lap). Nelson Piquet likened racing round the course to "riding a bicycle around your living room". Prior to 1987, the number of cars starting

4180-404: The promenade (that now houses the pit lane). At the time, neither the Piscine complex nor the "La Rascasse" hairpin existed: after the "Tabac" curve, the route proceeded in the lane that is parallel to today's starting straight: the two sections (separated only by a row of trees) were joined by a single narrow hairpin called the "Gasometer". As can be seen from the period films, in the second half of

4256-426: The promenade). The swimming pool and the waterfront lane that 10 years later would become part of the circuit had already been created, but at that point in time no changes were made to the track from the "Tabac" to the "Gasometer". In 1972 the boxes were moved near the "Chicane" area of the port, so the chicane was relocated closer to the "Tabac" curve. After this, the track continued on the usual straight (parallel to

4332-495: The race is extremely hard on gearboxes and brakes. Several attempts have been made to improve cramped conditions in the pit garages. In 2002, a substantial amount of land was reclaimed from the harbour to slightly change the shape of one section of the circuit; this left more space for new pit garages, which debuted in the 2004 event. The circuit is generally recognized to be less safe than other circuits used for Formula One. Driver and former winner Michael Schumacher stated before

4408-487: The race was limited to 20, compared to 26 at other circuits. The famous tunnel section (running under the Fairmont Hotel , marked in grey in the circuit diagram above) is said to be difficult for drivers to cope with due to the quick switch from light to dark, then back to light again, at one of the fastest points of the course. As a result, race outcomes tend to be decided by grid positions as well as pit strategies , and

4484-536: The regular layout by way of a 180 degree turn at the chicane. Monaco was not scheduled to be on the calendar for the second season of Formula E because it took the slot on the calendar filled by the Historic Grand Prix at Monaco every other year. The inaugural Paris ePrix took its spot on the calendar for season two, with the Monaco ePrix reinstated for season three. This biennial agreement will continue at least into Formula E's fifth season. A new track layout

4560-474: The sprint race at Monza . He was then replaced for the final two races of the championship by rookie Jake Rosenzweig , who, like Clos before him, failed to score. As a result of this inconsistent season, Addax dropped to eighth place in the teams' standings. Addax also took over Campos Racing's entry in the GP2 Asia Series . In the 2008–09 season , Petrov and Pérez finished fifth and seventh respectively in

4636-433: The starting lane) using the "Gasometer" curve for the last time. This solution lasted only a year and, in the following months, the main works were completed in time for the 1973 Grand Prix with the construction of a new section, connecting the "Tabac" curve to "Piscine" (Stade Nautique). This change added 0.133 km (0.083 mi) to the circuit – bringing its total length to 3.278 km (2.037 mi) – adding

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4712-552: The team's first pole position during the opening qualifying session of the season, in Barcelona . He also took the team's first win, leading home Petrov in a 1–2 finish. Both drivers quickly established themselves as championship contenders. Following Nelson Piquet Jr. 's departure from the Renault F1 team, Grosjean, who was the team's third driver, was drafted in to replace him from the 2009 European Grand Prix onwards. Grosjean's seat

4788-477: The tight Sainte-Dévote corner, named after Sainte-Dévote Chapel , a small church just beyond the barriers. This is a nearly 90-degree right-hand bend usually taken in first or second gear. This corner has seen many first lap accidents, although these are less common since the removal of the mini roundabout on the apex of the corner before the 2003 event, making the entrance to the corner wider. The cars then head uphill along Avenue d'Ostende, before changing down for

4864-428: The track by three metres (from 3.340 km (2.075 mi) to 3.337 km (2.074 mi) today). The building of the circuit takes six weeks, and the dismantling after the race another three weeks. The race circuit is narrow, with many elevation shifts and tight corners. These features make it perhaps the most demanding track in Formula One racing. Although the course has changed many times during its history, it

4940-472: The track itself a bit warmer than that. Still, soft tyre compounds often tend to hold up well around Monaco courtesy of surface temperatures being fairly moderate. The maritime moderation make May heatwaves rather unlikely. Although the Mediterranean precipitation pattern leads to Monaco being quite dry by late May, due to the urban and narrow nature of the circuit, rainfall combined with the painted areas and

5016-425: The track. This was done at the request of McLaren driver Niki Lauda . Out of the tunnel, the cars have to brake hard for the tight left–right–left Nouvelle Chicane . This has been the scene of several large accidents, including that of Karl Wendlinger in 1994 , Jenson Button in 2003 and Sergio Pérez in 2011 . The chicane is generally the only place on the circuit where overtaking can be attempted. There

5092-399: The tunnel. The tunnel also presents a unique problem when it rains. As it is virtually indoors, the tunnel usually remains dry while the rest of the track is wet, with only the cars bringing in water from their tyres. Famously before the very wet 1984 race, Formula One boss Bernie Ecclestone had local fire crews wet down the road in the tunnel to give it the same surface grip as the rest of

5168-527: Was elected Secretary General of the European People's Party, replacing his colleague, Klaus Welle. During his mandate as Secretary General, the organization expanded to Eastern Europe . During that period, it incorporated more than 20 new political parties from that region. Later that year, for the first time, the EPP won the European Parliament elections and became the largest political force in Europe. Making

5244-460: Was further revised in 2004 by reversing the position of the pits with respect to the lane itself, building a much larger and more welcoming structure. Monaco has thus become the only Formula 1 circuit in which the pits are not facing the track, but rather physically separate it from the pit lane. In 2011, after some accidents that occurred during the race weekend (the Mexican driver Sergio Pérez suffered

5320-463: Was narrowly beaten to the teams' championship by Rapax , which scored five more points. Van der Garde remained with the team for the 2011 season , and the F1-bound Pérez was replaced by Charles Pic , now also in his second year in GP2. Although he did not win a race, Van der Garde scored a consistent string of podium finishes in the first half of the season which established him in second place in

5396-477: Was one of ten teams granted entries for the inaugural GP3 Series championship in 2010 . It was one of only two existing GP2 teams to compete in GP3 as well, the other being ART Grand Prix . The team's three drivers were Felipe Guimarães , Pablo Sánchez López and Mirko Bortolotti . None of the three featured strongly, with two podium finishes between them the team's best results, and they finished 16th, 30th and 11th in

5472-507: Was similar in design to a normal rear wing but smaller and suspended above the nose cone. Jordan had a small wing suspended on a short pole just in front of the driver. Both were designed to improve downforce, but, after testing them during Thursday practice, the FIA banned both. Brake wear is not a problem during a race in Monaco. Instead, the low speeds mean the issue is keeping the brakes up to working temperature. The only heavy braking points are at

5548-409: Was taken by Durango driver Davide Valsecchi . Despite his absence from the final eight races of the season, Grosjean finished fourth in the championship with two wins, a tally matched by Petrov, who was Nico Hülkenberg 's main rival for the championship and eventually finished runner-up. Addax had the consolation of winning the teams' championship in the first season competing with its new name. For

5624-517: Was tasked with coordinating different groups within the EPP and drafting policy papers to be presented at the congress. Agag was a member of the EPP Summit, which includes all of EPP's heads of state and government. Also during that year, Agag ran for a seat in the European Parliament , but did not win. In 1996, the centre-right won the elections in Spain, and Agag became the political aide of

5700-409: Was the traditional port chicane and, after the "Tabac" curve, the new path adjacent to the swimming pools (two "S" left–right and right–left connected by a short straight) and "La Rascasse" hairpin. It was the first year for the new garages in an independent lane, with an entrance just after "La Rascasse", where an asphalt slide was installed to overcome the difference in level from the roadway. In 1976

5776-403: Was used only for the 2021 Monaco ePrix : the layout is similar to the Formula One layout, with only slight differences at turns 1 (Sainte Devote) and 11 (Nouvelle Chicane). This new layout has a length of 3.318 km (2.062 mi); the distance of the track being increased due to the increase in car performance and range of Gen2 cars. The 2022 Monaco ePrix would instead see the race run on

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