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65-821: Adana station ( Turkish : Adana garı ) is a railway station in Adana and one of the major railway hubs in Turkey . The station is located at the İstasyon Square, in Kurtuluş , Seyhan . The Central Station is steps away from the Vilayet Metro station and the Adana Province Hall. It surrounds the İstasyon Square together with the Central Post Office, Türk Telekom and TCDD Regional Headquarters. The first railway station in Adana

130-475: A form of consonant mutation whereby a voiced obstruent, such as /b d dʒ ɡ/ , is devoiced to [p t tʃ k] at the end of a word or before a consonant, but retains its voicing before a vowel. In loan words, the voiced equivalent of /k/ is /g/; in native words, it is /ğ/. This is analogous to languages such as German and Russian , but in the case of Turkish it only applies, as the above examples demonstrate, to stops and affricates, not to fricatives. The spelling

195-402: A more stable image. The elements that surround the windows have a perpendicular effect and finish with 3-slice twin blind arches which further increases perpendicularity. Thin mouldings beneath the twin window sets of the second floor which wrap around the entire building, and hewn stones which overflow from the surface at the corners and the wood supports of the wide eaves, are elements that build

260-415: A negative suffix -me to the verb (the suffix comes after the stem but before the tense): Necla okula gitmedi ('Necla did not go to school'). In the case of a verbal sentence, an interrogative clitic mi is added after the verb and stands alone, for example Necla okula gitti mi? ('Did Necla go to school?'). In the case of a nominal sentence, then mi comes after the predicate but before

325-407: A verb in the form of the copula ol or y (variants of "be"). Examples of both are given below: The two groups of sentences have different ways of forming negation. A nominal sentence can be negated with the addition of the word değil . For example, the sentence above would become Necla öğretmen değil ('Necla is not a teacher'). However, the verbal sentence requires the addition of

390-403: Is subject–object–verb . Turkish has no noun classes or grammatical gender . The language makes usage of honorifics and has a strong T–V distinction which distinguishes varying levels of politeness, social distance , age, courtesy or familiarity toward the addressee. The plural second-person pronoun and verb forms are used referring to a single person out of respect. Turkish is a member of

455-617: Is a 40-minute interval service that connects the station to the old town and the Taşköprü area. Both buses stop in front of the main building. Bus #159 is a 35-minute interval service that connects the station to the Şakirpaşa airport and the old town. The bus stop is at the Vilayet Metro Station, west of the Central Station's main building. Turkish language To the west, the influence of Ottoman Turkish —the variety of

520-5427: Is an intercity rail service operated by the Turkish State Railways . It operates between two major cities of Turkey ; Adana and Mersin . It also services Tarsus . The trains operate on the Adana-Mersin Main Line the second busiest rail line in Turkey. Stations [ edit ] Station Distance (km) from Adana Rail connections Other Connections Adana 0.0 km (0 mi) Central Anatolia Blue Train Çukurova Blue Train Erciyes Express Friendship Train Euphrates Express İskendurun-Mersin Regional Mersin-Islahiye Regional Adana Metro Bus: 111, 130, 131, 132, 163, 172 Şakirpaşa 2.8 km (1.7 mi) Mersin-Islahiye Regional İskendurun-Mersin Regional - Şehitlik 6.9 km (4.3 mi) Mersin-Islahiye Regional İskendurun-Mersin Regional - Zeytinli 16 km (9.9 mi) Mersin-Islahiye Regional - Yenice 23.9 km (14.9 mi) Central Anatolia Blue Train Çukurova Blue Train Erciyes Express İskendurun-Mersin Regional Mersin-Islahiye Regional - Tarsus 40.9 km (25.4 mi) İskendurun-Mersin Regional Mersin-Islahiye Regional - Huzurkent 48.1 km (29.9 mi) İskendurun-Mersin Regional Mersin-Islahiye Regional - Taşkent 53 km (33 mi) İskendurun-Mersin Regional Mersin-Islahiye Regional - Karacailyas 58.9 km (36.6 mi) İskendurun-Mersin Regional Mersin-Islahiye Regional - Tırmıl 61.2 km (38.0 mi) İskendurun-Mersin Regional Mersin-Islahiye Regional - Mersin 67.1 km (41.7 mi) Friendship Train İskendurun-Mersin Regional Mersin-Islahiye Regional - References [ edit ] ^ Adana Mersin Tren Saatleri (in Turkish) External links [ edit ] TCDD v t e TCDD Taşımacılık routes High-speed service Ankara–Eskişehir Ankara–Istanbul Ankara–Konya Ankara–Karaman Ankara–Sivas Istanbul–Eskişehir Istanbul–Konya Istanbul–Karaman Istanbul–Sivas International Service Istanbul-Sofia Express Bosphorus Express Trans-Asia Express Van–Tehran Mainline Service Blue Trains 4th of September Blue Train İzmir Blue Train Konya Blue Train Express Trains 6th of September Express 17th of September Express Aegean Express Ankara Express Eastern Express Erciyes Express Lakes Express Lake Van Express Pamukkale Express Roses Express Southern Kurtalan Express Taurus Express Touristic Trains Touristic Eastern Express Ankara–Tatvan Ankara–Diyarbakır Erzurum–Kars Blackdiamond Express Touristic Salt Express Regional Service District 1 B11 Adapazarı–Gebze B12 İstanbul–Edirne B13 İstanbul–Uzunköprü District 2 B21 Ankara–Polatlı B22 Zonguldak–Karabük B23 Zonguldak–Gökçebey District 3 B31 Basmane–Denizli B32 Basmane–Ödemiş B33 Basmane–Tire B34 Basmane–Uşak B35 Basmane–Alaşehir B36 Basmane–Nazilli B38 Manisa–Alaşehir B39 Söke–Denizli B310 Söke–Nazilli District 4 B41 Sivas–Divriği B42 Erzincan–Divriği B43 Kars–Akyaka B45 Samsun–Amasya B? Sivas–Malatya B? Samsun–Sivas District 5 B51 Diyarbakır–Batman B52 Elazığ–Tatvan District 6 B61 Mersin–Adana B62 Mersin–İskenderun B64 Konya–Karaman B65 Gaziantep–Nizip District 7 B71 Kütahya–Balıkesir B72 Eskişehir–Afyonkarahisar B73 Eskişehir–Kütahya B74 Eskişehir–Tavşanlı Commuter service Marmaray Başkentray İZBAN Gaziray Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adana-Mersin_Regional&oldid=1213227092 " Categories : Regional rail in Turkey Transport in Adana Province Transport in Mersin Province Hidden categories: Articles with Turkish-language sources (tr) Articles with short description Short description

585-526: Is based on the dialect of Istanbul . This Istanbul Turkish ( İstanbul Türkçesi ) constitutes the model of written and spoken Turkish, as recommended by Ziya Gökalp , Ömer Seyfettin and others. Dialectal variation persists, in spite of the levelling influence of the standard used in mass media and in the Turkish education system since the 1930s. Academic researchers from Turkey often refer to Turkish dialects as ağız or şive , leading to an ambiguity with

650-630: Is mutually intelligible with Azerbaijani . In particular, Turkish-speaking minorities exist in countries that formerly (in whole or part) belonged to the Ottoman Empire , such as Iraq, Bulgaria, Cyprus , Greece (primarily in Western Thrace ), the Republic of North Macedonia , Romania, and Serbia. More than two million Turkish speakers live in Germany; and there are significant Turkish-speaking communities in

715-612: Is one of the official languages of Cyprus . Turkish has official status in 38 municipalities in Kosovo , including Mamusha, , two in the Republic of North Macedonia and in Kirkuk Governorate in Iraq. Cyprus has requested the European Union to add Turkish as an official language, as it is one of the two official languages of the country. In Turkey, the regulatory body for Turkish is

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780-417: Is the main hall with a high ceiling and includes the waiting room, ticket offices and the information desk. The middle section also splits into three areas. The two areas on the right side of the middle section comprise two floors. Above the area on the left side, there is a cafe which is entered from Platform I. Below the cafe, there are the ticket offices and the check room. There are administrative offices at

845-642: Is usually made to match the sound. However, in a few cases, such as ad 'name' (dative ada ), the underlying form is retained in the spelling (cf. at 'horse', dative ata ). Other exceptions are od 'fire' vs. ot 'herb', sac 'sheet metal', saç 'hair'. Most loanwords, such as kitap above, are spelled as pronounced, but a few such as hac 'hajj', şad 'happy', and yad 'strange' or 'stranger' also show their underlying forms. Native nouns of two or more syllables that end in /k/ in dictionary form are nearly all /ğ/ in underlying form. However, most verbs and monosyllabic nouns are underlyingly /k/. The vowels of

910-481: Is usually referred to as yumuşak g ("soft g"), written ⟨ğ⟩ in Turkish orthography , represents a vowel sequence or a rather weak bilabial approximant between rounded vowels, a weak palatal approximant between unrounded front vowels, and a vowel sequence elsewhere. It never occurs at the beginning of a word or a syllable, but always follows a vowel. When word-final or preceding another consonant, it lengthens

975-690: The Aegean region, with its usage extending to Antalya . The nomadic Yörüks of the Mediterranean Region of Turkey also have their own dialect of Turkish. This group is not to be confused with the Yuruk nomads of Macedonia, Greece, and European Turkey, who speak Balkan Gagauz Turkish . The Meskhetian Turks who live in Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Russia as well as in several Central Asian countries, also speak an Eastern Anatolian dialect of Turkish, originating in

1040-661: The Germanic runic alphabets . With the Turkic expansion during Early Middle Ages ( c.  6th –11th centuries), peoples speaking Turkic languages spread across Central Asia , covering a vast geographical region stretching from Siberia all the way to Europe and the Mediterranean . The Seljuqs of the Oghuz Turks , in particular, brought their language, Oghuz —the direct ancestor of today's Turkish language—into Anatolia during

1105-605: The Laz language ). Kastamonu is spoken in Kastamonu and its surrounding areas. Karamanli Turkish is spoken in Greece, where it is called Kαραμανλήδικα . It is the literary standard for the Karamanlides . At least one source claims Turkish consonants are laryngeally-specified three-way fortis-lenis (aspirated/neutral/voiced) like Armenian, although only syllable-finally. The phoneme that

1170-629: The Oghuz group of the Turkic family. Other members include Azerbaijani , spoken in Azerbaijan and north-west Iran , Gagauz of Gagauzia , Qashqai of south Iran and the Turkmen of Turkmenistan . Historically the Turkic family was seen as a branch of the larger Altaic family, including Japanese , Korean , Mongolian and Tungusic , with various other language families proposed for inclusion by linguists. Altaic theory has fallen out of favour since

1235-437: The Ottoman Empire period ( c.  1299 –1922) is termed Ottoman Turkish , which was a mixture of Turkish, Persian, and Arabic that differed considerably and was largely unintelligible to the period's everyday Turkish. The everyday Turkish, known as kaba Türkçe or "vulgar Turkish", spoken by the less-educated lower and also rural members of society, contained a higher percentage of native vocabulary and served as basis for

1300-599: The Seljuq Turks , who are both regarded as the ethnic and cultural ancestors of the Ottomans , the administrative language of these states acquired a large collection of loanwords from Arabic and Persian . Turkish literature during the Ottoman period, particularly Divan poetry , was heavily influenced by Persian, including the adoption of poetic meters and a great quantity of imported words. The literary and official language during

1365-527: The Trabzon region of northeastern Turkey follows the reduced vowel harmony of Old Anatolian Turkish , with the additional complication of two missing vowels (ü and ı), thus there is no palatal harmony . It is likely that elün meant "your hand" in Old Anatolian. While the 2nd person singular possessive would vary between back and front vowel, -ün or -un, as in elün for "your hand" and kitabun for "your book",

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1430-570: The Turkish Language Association ( Türk Dil Kurumu or TDK), which was founded in 1932 under the name Türk Dili Tetkik Cemiyeti ("Society for Research on the Turkish Language"). The Turkish Language Association was influenced by the ideology of linguistic purism : indeed one of its primary tasks was the replacement of loanwords and of foreign grammatical constructions with equivalents of Turkish origin. These changes, together with

1495-573: The 11th century. Also during the 11th century, an early linguist of the Turkic languages, Mahmud al-Kashgari from the Kara-Khanid Khanate , published the first comprehensive Turkic language dictionary and map of the geographical distribution of Turkic speakers in the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk ( ديوان لغات الترك ). Following the adoption of Islam around the year 950 by the Kara-Khanid Khanate and

1560-411: The 1940s tend to use the older terms of Arabic or Persian origin, the younger generations favor new expressions. It is considered particularly ironic that Atatürk himself, in his lengthy speech to the new Parliament in 1927, used the formal style of Ottoman Turkish that had been common at the time amongst statesmen and the educated strata of society in the setting of formal speeches and documents. After

1625-453: The 1960s, and a majority of linguists now consider Turkic languages to be unrelated to any other language family, though the Altaic hypothesis still has a small degree of support from individual linguists. The nineteenth-century Ural-Altaic theory, which grouped Turkish with Finnish , Hungarian and Altaic languages, is considered even less plausible in light of Altaic's rejection. The theory

1690-472: The French loanword parti ). Some words restored from Old Turkic have taken on specialized meanings; for example betik (originally meaning "book") is now used to mean " script " in computer science . Some examples of modern Turkish words and the old loanwords are: Turkish is natively spoken by the Turkish people in Turkey and by the Turkish diaspora in some 30 other countries. The Turkish language

1755-515: The Latin alphabet for speakers of eastern dialects. Some immigrants to Turkey from Rumelia speak Rumelian Turkish , which includes the distinct dialects of Ludogorie , Dinler, and Adakale, which show the influence of the theorized Balkan sprachbund . Kıbrıs Türkçesi is the name for Cypriot Turkish and is spoken by the Turkish Cypriots . Edirne is the dialect of Edirne . Ege is spoken in

1820-567: The Latin script, encoded for many of the dialectal variations between Turkish dialects, the modern Latin script fails to do this. Examples of this are the presence of the nasal velar sound [ŋ] in certain eastern dialects of Turkish which was represented by the Ottoman letter /ڭ/ but that was merged into /n/ in the Latin script. Additionally are letters such as /خ/, /ق/, /غ/ which make the sounds [ɣ], [q], and [x], respectively in certain eastern dialects but that are merged into [g], [k], and [h] in western dialects and are therefore defectively represented in

1885-673: The Main Building towards west, on the street parallel to the station. There is no passenger entrance north of the tracks, from the Mustafa Kemalpaşa Boulevard to the station. Bicycles are not permitted at any of the Passenger Line that stop at the station as a TCDD policy, though the train conductors let bicycles into the Main Line (long distance) and to the Regional trains, if the trains are not full. Bicycles are not permitted to

1950-532: The SOV structure has diminished relevance and may vary. The SOV structure may thus be considered a "pragmatic word order" of language, one that does not rely on word order for grammatical purposes. Consider the following simple sentence which demonstrates that the focus in Turkish is on the element that immediately precedes the verb: Ahmet Ahmet yumurta-yı Adana-Mersin Regional From Misplaced Pages,

2015-466: The TDK were newly derived from Turkic roots, it also opted for reviving Old Turkish words which had not been used for centuries. In 1935, the TDK published a bilingual Ottoman-Turkish /Pure Turkish dictionary that documents the results of the language reform. Owing to this sudden change in the language, older and younger people in Turkey started to differ in their vocabularies. While the generations born before

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2080-539: The Turkish language are, in their alphabetical order, ⟨a⟩ , ⟨e⟩ , ⟨ı⟩ , ⟨i⟩ , ⟨o⟩ , ⟨ö⟩ , ⟨u⟩ , ⟨ü⟩ . The Turkish vowel system can be considered as being three-dimensional, where vowels are characterised by how and where they are articulated focusing on three key features: front and back , rounded and unrounded and vowel height . Vowels are classified [±back], [±round] and [±high]. The only diphthongs in

2145-699: The Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire —spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928, as one of Atatürk's reforms in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the Perso-Arabic script -based Ottoman Turkish alphabet was replaced with the Latin script -based Turkish alphabet . Some distinctive characteristics of the Turkish language are vowel harmony and extensive agglutination . The basic word order of Turkish

2210-572: The United States, France, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Due to the cultural assimilation of Turkish immigrants in host countries, not all ethnic members of the diaspora speak the language with native fluency. In 2005, 93% of the population of Turkey were native speakers of Turkish, about 67 million at the time, with Kurdish languages making up most of

2275-488: The adoption of the new Turkish alphabet in 1928, shaped the modern Turkish language spoken today. The TDK became an independent body in 1951, with the lifting of the requirement that it should be presided over by the Minister of Education. This status continued until August 1983, when it was again made into a governmental body in the constitution of 1982 , following the military coup d'état of 1980 . Modern standard Turkish

2340-406: The aim of conducting research on Turkish. One of the tasks of the newly established association was to initiate a language reform to replace loanwords of Arabic and Persian origin with Turkish equivalents. By banning the usage of imported words in the press, the association succeeded in removing several hundred foreign words from the language. While most of the words introduced to the language by

2405-428: The architectural identity of the building's frontage. The north side of the building facing platform I is two-storey. Eaves and the upper floor windows are identical to the front side. Also like the front side, three-slice twin blind arches are placed above the doors and the windows of the offices that are at the same level with platform I. The other features of this side is the two four-piece windows that provide view to

2470-474: The areas of Kars, Ardahan, and Artvin and sharing similarities with Azerbaijani , the language of Azerbaijan. The Central Anatolia Region speaks Orta Anadolu . Karadeniz , spoken in the Eastern Black Sea Region and represented primarily by the Trabzon dialect, exhibits substratum influence from Greek in phonology and syntax ; it is also known as Laz dialect (not to be confused with

2535-513: The continuing work of the TDK to coin new Turkish words to express new concepts and technologies as they enter the language, mostly from English. Many of these new words, particularly information technology terms, have received widespread acceptance. However, the TDK is occasionally criticized for coining words which sound contrived and artificial. Some earlier changes—such as bölem to replace fırka , "political party"—also failed to meet with popular approval ( fırka has been replaced by

2600-524: The country is very high. The rising presence of this very similar language in Azerbaijan and the fact that many children use Turkish words instead of Azerbaijani words due to satellite TV has caused concern that the distinctive features of the language will be eroded. Many bookstores sell books in Turkish language along Azerbaijani language ones, with Agalar Mahmadov, a leading intellectual, voicing his concern that Turkish language has "already started to take over

2665-510: The discovery and excavation of these monuments and associated stone slabs by Russian archaeologists in the wider area surrounding the Orkhon Valley between 1889 and 1893, it became established that the language on the inscriptions was the Old Turkic language written using the Old Turkic alphabet , which has also been referred to as "Turkic runes" or "runiform" due to a superficial similarity to

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2730-457: The faiences that placed in a niche at the section of the west and east wings that face the main entrance and the geometric shaped ornaments at the bottom surface of the eaves. Adana Central railway station has two platforms and four tracks. Track I and Track II are reserved for Adana-Mersin Regional trains. Track III is for the rest of the passenger lines that stop at the station. Track IV has no platform, therefore serves freight trains that cross

2795-1448: The 💕 Railway line in Turkey [REDACTED] This article relies largely or entirely on a single source . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources . Find sources:   "Adana-Mersin Regional"  –  news   · newspapers   · books   · scholar   · JSTOR ( July 2010 ) Adana-Mersin Bölgesel Overview Service type Regional rail Status Operating Locale Southern Anatolia First service 1970 Current operator(s) TCDD Route Termini Central Station , Adana Central Station , Mersin Stops 11 Distance travelled 67 km (42 mi) Average journey time 45 minutes Service frequency 27 trains per day On-board services Class(es) Unreserved, unnumbered, classless Disabled access Limited Seating arrangements Coach Catering facilities No Technical Rolling stock TCDD MT30000 Track gauge 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) Operating speed 120 km/h (75 mph) Track owner(s) TCDD The Adana Mersin Regional

2860-688: The high-speed trains of the Adana-Mersin Line at all. Bicycle parking is located at the east wing of the Main Hall. There is a paid car parking in front of the Main Station at the İstasyon Square. Central station is accessed by Municipality Buses. Bus #174 is an hour-interval service that connects the station to the Central Coach Terminal, Yüreğir Coach Terminal and to the D400 state road. Bus #111

2925-468: The lack of ü vowel in the Trabzon dialect means -un would be used in both of these cases — elun and kitabun . With the exceptions stated below, Turkish words are oxytone (accented on the last syllable). Turkish has two groups of sentences: verbal and nominal sentences. In the case of a verbal sentence, the predicate is a finite verb, while the predicate in nominal sentence will have either no overt verb or

2990-466: The language are found in loanwords and may be categorised as falling diphthongs usually analyzed as a sequence of /j/ and a vowel. The principle of vowel harmony, which permeates Turkish word-formation and suffixation, is due to the natural human tendency towards economy of muscular effort. This principle is expressed in Turkish through three rules: The second and third rules minimize muscular effort during speech. More specifically, they are related to

3055-429: The language reform, the Turkish education system discontinued the teaching of literary form of Ottoman Turkish and the speaking and writing ability of society atrophied to the point that, in later years, Turkish society would perceive the speech to be so alien to listeners that it had to be "translated" three times into modern Turkish: first in 1963, again in 1986, and most recently in 1995. The past few decades have seen

3120-513: The linguistic concept of accent , which is also covered with these words. Several universities, as well as a dedicated work-group of the Turkish Language Association, carry out projects investigating Turkish dialects. As of 2002 work continued on the compilation and publication of their research as a comprehensive dialect- atlas of the Turkish language. Although the Ottoman alphabet, being slightly more phonetically ambiguous than

3185-400: The main hall are accessed from the stairs at the wings. The main hall, which is two floors high is spacious. The four-piece window sets, facing Platform I at the upper section of the north walls, provide plenty of light to the hall. The bands that are covered with geometric forms, stretching in east-west direction on the ceiling, also add quality to the space. The light shining from the roof to

3250-405: The main lobby downstairs. Wide eaves that are added to this side after prevents it to be perceived as a whole. The west and the east sides of the building are designed with a simpler perception than the front side. The features that are formed with slice arches are not used at these sides. Ornaments of the building are the two large rectangular-shaped faience panels on both sides of the main entrance,

3315-402: The modern Turkish language. While visiting the region between Adıyaman and Adana , Evliya Çelebi recorded the "Turkman language" and compared it with his own Turkish: Reforms Kemalism After the foundation of the modern state of Turkey and the script reform , the Turkish Language Association (TDK) was established in 1932 under the patronage of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , with

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3380-410: The national and natural dialects of Azerbaijan". However, the presence of Turkish as foreign language is not as high as Russian. In Uzbekistan, the second most populated Turkic country, a new TV channel Foreign Languages TV was established in 2022. This channel has been broadcasting Turkish lessons along with English, French, German and Russian lessons. Turkish is the official language of Turkey and

3445-411: The north part of the east and the west wing of the building, facing platform I. The offices at the west wing are designated for the station manager and the assistant, and the ones on the east wing are designated for security and other services. On the upper floor, there are six residences of different sizes. The residences on the wings are larger than the residences above the main hall. The residences above

3510-485: The personal ending, so for example Necla, siz öğretmen misiniz ? ('Necla, are you [formal, plural] a teacher?'). Word order in simple Turkish sentences is generally subject–object–verb , as in Korean and Latin , but unlike English, for verbal sentences and subject-predicate for nominal sentences. However, as Turkish possesses a case-marking system, and most grammatical relations are shown using morphological markers, often

3575-435: The phenomenon of labial assimilation: if the lips are rounded (a process that requires muscular effort) for the first vowel they may stay rounded for subsequent vowels. If they are unrounded for the first vowel, the speaker does not make the additional muscular effort to round them subsequently. Grammatical affixes have "a chameleon-like quality", and obey one of the following patterns of vowel harmony: Practically,

3640-638: The preceding vowel. In native Turkic words, the sounds [c] , [ɟ] , and [l] are mainly in complementary distribution with [k] , [ɡ] , and [ɫ] ; the former set occurs adjacent to front vowels and the latter adjacent to back vowels. The distribution of these phonemes is often unpredictable, however, in foreign borrowings and proper nouns. In such words, [c] , [ɟ] , and [l] often occur with back vowels: some examples are given below. However, there are minimal pairs that distinguish between these sounds, such as kar [kɑɾ] "snow" vs kâr [cɑɾ] "profit". Turkish orthography reflects final-obstruent devoicing ,

3705-440: The principles of i-type vowel harmony in practice: Türkiye' dir ("it is Turkey"), kapı dır ("it is the door"), but gün dür ("it is the day"), palto dur ("it is the coat"). These are four word-classes that are exceptions to the rules of vowel harmony: The road sign in the photograph above illustrates several of these features: The rules of vowel harmony may vary by regional dialect. The dialect of Turkish spoken in

3770-401: The remainder. Azerbaijani language , official in Azerbaijan, is mutually intelligible with Turkish and speakers of both languages can understand them without noticeable difficulty, especially when discussion comes on ordinary, daily language. Turkey has very good relations with Azerbaijan, with a multitude of Turkish companies and authorities investing there, while the influence of Turkey in

3835-423: The stairwells on both wings is a unique feature. The eaves surrounding the roof on the upper portion of the wings and the twin window sets beneath, the wide eaves extending all along above the arch gates at the middle section of the elegantly designed building front show that horizontal elements are dominant in the architecture. The ground and the first floor windows in front of the wings are in vertical frame, forming

3900-544: The station without stopping. Platforms are connected to the Station Hall through an underground walkway. Both platforms are wheelchair accessible with designated escalators. Lockers for daily luggage storage, are located at the walkway. Passenger platforms can only be accessed through the Main Station Building, either from inside, or through the sides of the building. Vilayet Metro Station is accessed by walking from

3965-432: The twofold pattern (also referred to as the e-type vowel harmony) means that in the environment where the vowel in the word stem is formed in the front of the mouth, the suffix will take the e-form, while if it is formed in the back it will take the a-form. The fourfold pattern (also called the i-type) accounts for rounding as well as for front/back. The following examples, based on the copula -dir ("[it] is"), illustrate

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4030-479: Was based mostly on the fact these languages share three features: agglutination , vowel harmony and lack of grammatical gender. The earliest known Old Turkic inscriptions are the three monumental Orkhon inscriptions found in modern Mongolia . Erected in honour of the prince Kul Tigin and his brother Emperor Bilge Khagan , these date back to the Second Turkic Khaganate (dated 682–744 CE). After

4095-745: Was built in 1886 in the Kuruköprü area along the 67 km (42 mi) railway line that connected Adana to Mersin . In 1903, the Ottoman Government contracted Istanbul - Baghdad section of the Berlin-Baghdad Railway project to Germany . In 1911, the Yenice -Adana section of the Mersin-Adana railway line was merged with the Berlin-Baghdad railway project. The status of the Adana railway station

4160-429: Was completed in September 1912, covering an area of 45 hectares. It contained a station building, staff residences, maintenance shops and a foundry. The station building is built in the First National Architectural Style. It is a 3-storey structure with wide eaves and a triangular roof and has a U-plan in which the open area faces the square. The middle section, which connects to the square through three sharp arch gates,

4225-399: Was raised to a major station with the expected increase in volume. A larger station building and maintenance shops were needed to be built, but the existing train station was not suitable for expansion. So the train station in the Kuruköprü area was abandoned and the construction of a new train station was started in 1911 on farmland north of the city. The construction of the new railway station

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