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44-599: Acqualagna borders the following municipalities: Cagli , Fermignano , Urbania , Urbino . The current name derives from the Latin name Aqua Lanea , meaning "Water Slaughter", and which remembered the battle of Gualdo Tadino fought nearby between Totila 's Ostrogoth and Narses 's Byzantine armies during the Gothic Wars . In the neighbourhood existed the Roman town of Pitinum Mergens , destroyed by Alarich I . The survivors founded

88-448: A contract by Siena to work on its aqueduct and fountain system, with the goal of adding about a third more water to the city's water supply. They were able to enlarge the fountain in the Piazza del Campo and make other improvements around the city, successfully fulfilling their contract in 1473. During this period, Francesco di Giorgio was also working with assistants on The Coronation of

132-631: A demonstration of popular piety, for the procession in which the priest carries the consecrated host, under a rich canopy, accompanied by members of the Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament. [REDACTED]   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). " Cagli ". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Francesco di Giorgio Martini Francesco di Giorgio Martini (1439–1501)

176-438: A design by Anton Francesco Berardi the younger. This basilica church has been modified over the centuries. The Gothic portal (1424) can still be seen on the left wall; it was sculpted by Maestro Antonio di Cristoforo of Cagli and the 17th century painted decoration is by Lodovico Viviani . After the damaging earthquake in 1781, Pietro Giacomo Patriarca 's tall dome was replaced by the present-day rounded vault. The bell tower

220-582: A ducal palace, but the works were never completed. The lowering of the raised entrance, the creation of a loggia (of which only the benches and corbels remain), and the vaulted rooms on the ground floor, all date from this period. The area around the clock on the façade date from 1575, while the statue of the "Madonna with Child" is from 1680 and was commissioned in Venice. To the side of the undecorated entrance are three standard measuring units: piede (foot), braccio (arm) and canna (cane): to these should be added

264-576: A fresco of Christ in the Tomb between Saints Jerome and Bonaventure (1481) and the celebrated Tiranni Chapel, considered to be his masterpiece, which dates from the early 1490s. Beside the Virgin's throne, the work depicts an angel gazing outwards from the scene; it is traditionally believed that this is a portrait of Raphael as a child, while the face of St John the Baptist appears to be a self-portrait of Santi himself. On

308-644: A masterwork by Timoteo Viti , alongside his work in the mausoleum of the Dukes of Urbino. Piazza Matteotti - once known as Piazza Maggiore - is dominated by the 13th century Palazzo Pubblico , or Town Hall, built to house the city's governors. The building, onto which was added the Palazzo del Podestà (the monumental façade overlooks via Alessandri), was donated by the Comune to Federico III da Montefeltro in 1476. The Duke commissioned Francesco di Giorgio Martini to transform it into

352-584: A member of the Nasini family; in the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, two canvases by Gaetano Lapis (1754 and 1756); in the left nave, an Annunciation from the workshop of Barocci , a fragment of a 16th-century fresco of the Immaculate Conception attributed to Giuliano Persciutti of Fano (though perhaps by Dionigi of Cagli), and the 17th century Eternal Father by the local artist Giambattista Gambarini in

396-611: A painter with Vecchietta . In panels painted for cassoni he departed from the traditional representations of joyful wedding processions in frieze-like formulas to express visions of ideal, symmetrical, vast and all but empty urban spaces rendered in perspective . He composed an architectural treatise Trattato di architettura, ingegneria e arte militare , the third of the Quattrocento, after Leone Battista Alberti 's and Filarete 's; he worked on it for decades and finished sometime after 1482; it circulated in manuscript. The treatise

440-519: A pair of dolphins. From the Entrance Hall, the door to the left of the entrance from the piazza takes you down to the segrete, a dungeon-like basement with ceramic fragments discovered during excavation works, and Medieval masonry including a civic coat of arms, capitols, a rose boss, a garland carving, and drain covers from the civic aqueduct. Heading out of the Sala del General Consiglio the passageway under

484-500: Is a town and comune in the province of Pesaro e Urbino , Marche , central Italy . It is c. 30 kilometres (19 miles) south of Urbino . The Burano flows near the town. Cagli occupies the site of an ancient village on the Via Flaminia , which seems to have borne the name Cale, or Callium 39 km (24 mi) north of Helvillum (now Sigillo ) and 29 km (18 mi) southwest of Forum Sempronii (now Fossombrone ). In

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528-445: Is assumed to have been a student of Vecchietta due to similarities in style between Francesco di Giorgio's early paintings and those of the master. The first record of his work as an artist is from 1464, when at age 25 he was paid 12 lire for a statue of John the Baptist . He was married two times in quick succession when his first wife, Cristofana, died shortly after they were married in 1467. On January 26, 1469 he married Agnese,

572-608: Is by Jacopo Bedi from nearby Gubbio, while the others have elements that are reminiscent of the Basilica of San Francesco in Assisi. The main altar, with its 15th-century canopy with the Four Evangelists , also has a remarkable polychrome group in the niche depicting the Madonna della Misericordia . On the two side altars (c. 1625) are works by Claudio Ridolfi , and the predella showing

616-446: Is the pivot around which Cagli was rebuilt in 1289. The marble portal with its inlaid lintel and spiral columns (with the stylized owl on the lower left-hand side) dates from 1348. In the interior, the recent dismantling of the 19th century vaulting above the apse has brought to light medieval vaulting above with a cycle of frescoes dating to the 1340s. These frescoes are believed to be the work of Mello da Gubbio and show influences of

660-460: Is topped by an octagonal brick belfry (1790) designed by Giovanni Antinori . The main works are: in the right nave, the altarpieces by Gaetano Lapis (1758) (2nd chapel) and by Sebastiano Conca (1720) (3rd chapel); in the transept, The Patron Saints (1704) by Luigi Garzi and the Madonna and Child with Saints Peter and John the Baptist commissioned in 1695 by the Medicis of Florence and painted by

704-523: The Italian War of 1494–98 , when he was in the employ of Ferdinand II of Naples . He used tunnels and explosives in what is considered the pioneering use of mining technology for warfare. In 1499 Di Giorgio was elected the capomaestro of the Opera del Duomo . Francesco di Giorgio died at the age of 62 outside Siena in 1501 or early 1502, having retired to the countryside mid-1501. His widow spent most of

748-502: The Massacre of the Innocents (1634) by Girolamo Cialdieri . Passing through the loggia (built in a 15th-century style, though erected in 1560), the interior has an elaborate main altar dating from the mid-17th century. Made from gilded and lacquered wood with great Solomonic columns, at its centre is the painting depicting Noli me tangere (1504), signed "THIMOTHEI DE VITE URBINAT. OPUS",

792-462: The Sienese government wrote to Francesco di Giorgio to request that he return to his native city and embark on the design and construction of public buildings. He did return to the city in 1486 and began receiving an annual salary of 800 florins for his position as official city engineer in which he would inspect all engineering projects throughout Siena . Di Giorgio also completed artistic projects for

836-547: The 6th century it was one of the strongholds of the Byzantine Pentapolis . A free commune was founded in Cagli at the end of the 12th century, and it quickly subdued more than 52 surrounding castles, overthrowing the rural lords and threatening the feudal powers of the abbots. Its expansion established the borders of the diocese of Cagli . When the city was partially destroyed by fire, started by Ghibelline factions in 1287,

880-648: The Constitutiones Aegidianae of 1357, Cagli appeared among the nine major cities in the Marca (along with Pesaro, Fano and Fossombrone). The economic development of the city centred mainly on the manufacture of woollen cloth (later also silk) and the tanning of hides, industries that grew considerably under the dukes of Urbino . When the Duchy of Urbino was handed over to the Papal States in 1631, Cagli became subject to

924-525: The Northern European school, from the second half of the 15th century; an altarpiece (1540) by Raffaellino del Colle . The organ - attributed to Baldassarre Malamini - is the oldest in the Marche region and dates from the second half of the 16th century. Beside it, on the left, is one of three wash drawings by Battaglini da Imola from 1529 (the other two are beside the main altar). In the piazza in front of

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968-673: The Sienese painter Ambrogio Lorenzetti . On the side altars the principal works (counterclockwise from the right) are: two fragments of framed frescoes, once attributed to Antonio Alberti da Ferrara, now attributed to the Secondo Maestro of the Oratory of St John the Baptist, Urbino ; the Miracles of the Snow by Ernst van Schayck (1617) and a young Gaetano Lapis (1730); a processional wooden crucifix, from

1012-559: The Virgin for the Santa Maria della Scala (Siena) , a large painted altarpiece . Sienese records from 1471 describe an episode in which the artist and nine others broke into the Monastery of the Holy Saviour outside Siena and "behaved dishonorably" once inside. They were sentenced to be banished from the city for three months, or to pay a 25 lire fine, which Di Giorgio paid. During

1056-483: The castle of Montefalcone, from which the current Acqualagna evolved. In 1901, notorious brigand Giuseppe Musolino was caught in Acqualagna after he had escaped prison more than two years prior. His subsequent trial, where the charges he faced (and was convicted for) included seven counts of murder and six of attempted murder, received significant international media attention. Cagli Cagli [ˈkaʎʎi]

1100-538: The church is a bronze statue of Angelo Celli, by Angelo Biancini , erected in 1959, in front of the loggia built in 1885. The church bears the same name as the confraternity that has been based here since 1301. The sturdy portal (1537) is topped by a 16th-century fresco of the Madonna della Misericordia. The interior was decorated with frescoes, of which several large fragments still remain: the Martyrdom of St Apollinia (1455)

1144-663: The church of San Sebastiano in Vallepiatta in Siena is also attributed to him. Francesco di Giorgio's painting of the "Madonna and Child with 2 Angels" is found at the Lowe Art Museum in Coral Gables, Florida . Born sometime in 1439 in Siena to a poultry dealer, Francesco Maurizio di Giorgio di Martino was baptized on September 23, 1439. Not much is known about his youth, except that he

1188-417: The city, such as the candle-holding angel sculptures which he contributed to the altar at the Opera del Duomo . This time was one of prosperity and popularity for Di Giorgio, whose presence and expertise were fought over by the rulers of several city-states, particularly Siena and Urbino . His tax documents from 1488 show material wealth as well as familial wealth in the form of six children. In 1490 he

1232-441: The daughter of Antonio di Benedetto di Neroccio, and possibly a relative of Neroccio di Bartolomeo de' Landi , with whom Francesco di Giorgio shared a studio and an artistic partnership during these years. Francesco di Giorgio's early years as a professional artist, architect, and engineer were full of a variety of projects. On top of various artistic commissions that he completed during this time, he and another engineer were given

1276-501: The following century. The third book is preoccupied with the "ideal" city, constrained within star-shaped polygonal geometries reminiscent of the star fort , whose wedge-shaped bastions are said to have been his innovation. Francesco di Giorgio finished his career as architect in charge of the works at the Duomo di Siena , where his bronze angels are on the high altar and some marble floor mosaics are attributed to his designs. The design of

1320-421: The fresco is framed by a 15th-century doorway decorated with the emblems of Duke Federico in bas-relief. From here one enters the courtyard. At its centre is the sculpture "Ordine Cosmico" (1997) by Eliseo Mattiacci . The Archaeological Museum (currently being enlarged) occupies parts of the 13th century Palazzo del Podestà . The fountain at the centre of Piazza Matteotti was built in 1736 by Giovanni Fabbri , to

1364-461: The future. At the same time, the confraternities were stripped of their roles in city life and the monasteries were confiscated. Cagli's destiny was now absorbed within the wider context of Italy's national history. The railway line was destroyed by Nazi forces in 1944 and the Via Flaminia lost its importance as a major road, marking a long period of decline for Cagli and the surrounding valleys, which

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1408-656: The mid-1470s, Di Giorgio came into the employ of Federico da Montefeltro , Duke of Urbino . He created multiple artistic works for the Duke, including the bronze relief Deposition from the Cross and served as an architect and engineer for the duke during the Pazzi conspiracy . In the fighting between Italian city-states which followed, Di Giorgio constructed a series of great fortifications for his patron. This source of employment for Di Giorgio continued after da Montefeltro 's death with his son

1452-480: The new duke. Architectural work also came to Di Giorgio through his employment with the Duke, including what is probably his most famous building, Santa Maria delle Grazie al Calcinaio in Cortona . The church was challenging to design due to the steep incline of its location, but Di Giorgio's skill with engineering and architecture allowed him to design a solid building which still stands. Letters from 1485 reveal that

1496-438: The northwest of Cagli and 4 km (2 mi) west of the Via Flaminia, at the modern Acqualagna , is the site of an ancient town; the place is now called piano di Valeria , and is scattered with ruins. Inscriptions show that this was a Roman stronghold, perhaps Pitinum Mergens . Other sights in the town include: Corpus Christi procession The city's streets are carpeted with flowers, arranged by citizens and worshippers as

1540-592: The opposite wall of the church, in a niche, is the 16th century Annunciation , once attributed to Girolamo Genga and more recently to Timoteo Viti . Beside it is the Presentation in the Temple by Gaetano Lapis . 14th-century frescoes can be seen beneath the 1576 layer of plaster. In the spacious crypt (stairs to the side of the Tiranni Chapel) is a cycle of frescoes by Antonio Viviani . About 8 kilometres (5 miles) to

1584-466: The same economic policies as the rest of the Marche region, principally cereal cultivation. The low yields in the upland Apennine areas brought about an unstoppable decline. The Unification of Italy stirred up strong anticlerical feelings. The building of the Fano-Fabriano-Rome railway, the construction of the new Municipal Theatre, and new public spaces gave substance to the progressive vision of

1628-545: The settlement was moved down from the slopes of Monte Petrano and rebuilt anew on flatter land, incorporating the pre-existing suburb. The rebuilding of the city, under the patronage of Pope Nicholas IV , followed Arnolfo di Cambio 's grid-pattern town plan. Cagli soon returned to being a prosperous centre. A register of taxes paid to the Church in 1312, revised after a heavy fall in population due to famine, shows that Cagli then numbered around 7,200 inhabitants. Shortly afterwards, in

1672-598: The stub of a Roman column known as the "Cagliese quarter" now positioned just inside the main room on the ground floor. The fresco in the lunette on the back wall is of the Madonna with Child, St Michael Archangel and St Gerontius (1536) attributed to Giovanni Dionigi. Also on show - as an extension to the Archeological Museum - are objects including ducal coats of arms of both the Montefeltro and Della Rovere families, communal emblems - including one of St Michael - and

1716-592: The tower to the imposing ruins of the diamond-shaped fortress (demolished in 1502). The fortifications date back to a time when architects like Francesco di Giorgio Martini were testing out innovative solutions to the problems posed by new developments in artillery. Since 1989, the rooms of the tower - which have a certain sculptural form themselves - have hosted the Centre for Contemporary Sculpture, containing specially commissioned works by sculptors of international renown such. The Church of San Francesco , dating from 1234,

1760-518: The tympanum above the altar. The organ was built by Nicola Morettini in 1889. The church was built by the Celestines , a branch of the Benedictine order, after the reconstruction of the city in 1289. The front portal dates from 1483, the apse from 1655 and the bell tower from 1654. Inside, the principal works are by Giovanni Santi , father of Raphael. These are (from the left) the funeral monument with

1804-725: Was an Italian architect, engineer, painter, sculptor, and writer. As a painter, he belonged to the Sienese School . He was considered a visionary architectural theorist—in Nikolaus Pevsner 's terms: "one of the most interesting later Quattrocento architects ". As a military engineer, he executed architectural designs and sculptural projects and built almost seventy fortifications for the Federico da Montefeltro, Count (later Duke) of Urbino , building city walls and early examples of star-shaped fortifications . Born in Siena , he apprenticed as

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1848-493: Was commissioned by the government of Milan to produce a model for dome of the Milan Cathedral . This project led him to journey to the site of the cathedral, where he met Leonardo da Vinci who had also been hired to consult on the building. Di Giorgio apparently provided useful advice to the constructors of the cathedral, and was paid 100 florins for his trouble. His expertise as a war engineer came into play again during

1892-448: Was included in several original manuscripts with one copy (i.e., Codex Mediceo Laurenziano 361) belonged to Leonardo da Vinci who had made notes and sketches within. The projects were well in advance of completed projects at the time, but innovations, for example in staircase planning, running in flights and landings round an open center, or dividing at a landing to return symmetrically on each wall, became part of architectural vocabulary in

1936-424: Was to be reversed only towards the end of the second Millennium. The fortified complex, built in 1481, was designed for Duke Federico III da Montefeltro by Francesco di Giorgio Martini . The latter in his Treatise, places Cagli as first among his six outstanding fortresses, and describes it in great detail with a certain degree of pride. Particularly unusual is the secret passage (the soccorso coverto ) that links

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