The Academic Competition Federation (ACF) is an organization, founded as the Academic Competition Foundation in 1991, that runs a national championship for collegiate quiz bowl as well as other tournaments.
98-463: During the mid-1980s, several schools began to prepare for College Bowl 's regional and national tournaments by holding independent invitationals, during which players became unsatisfied with College Bowl's questions. Several scandals soon emerged, in which the 1988 College Bowl Regionals were found to have recycled nearly all of their questions from the 1982 College Bowl Regionals, independent tournaments were threatened with lawsuits from College Bowl, and
196-463: A title sponsor replaces the original name of the property with a corporate-sponsored one (as is the case with most sponsored sports venues), with no reference to the previous name. Stadium naming may have shifted in recent years to promoting corporate trade names, but in earlier decades is largely traced to the family names of company founders. The record for the highest amount paid for naming rights belongs to Crypto.com Arena . On November 17, 2021,
294-549: A 20-year, US$ 700 million sponsorship deal was reached between Anschutz Entertainment Group and Singapore-based Crypto.com to rename Los Angeles's Staples Center (the Staples office supply store chain was the previous naming rights holder to the arena, having held them since the venue's opening in 1999). The home of the NHL 's Los Angeles Kings and NBA 's Los Angeles Lakers became known as Crypto.com Arena on December 25, 2021. Prior to
392-460: A bonus is awarded after every fifth such answer, starting with 50 for the fifth and increasing by 25 for each additional set of five. The bonus was set to a flat 100 points in the second season. Each qualifying contest consists of two complete games, with two new teams per game. The two highest-scoring teams from each contest advance to an eight-team elimination bracket, regardless of whether they won their respective games. The two highest scorers from
490-409: A corporate-purchased name must always be referred to in all event-related media (including live broadcasts) by a generic name (e.g., General Motors Place was referred to as "Canada Hockey Place" during the 2010 Winter Olympics ). On the other hand, Toyota Stadium was referred to as "City of Toyota Stadium" during the 2019 Rugby World Cup to avoid confusion as a form of ambush marketing; the stadium
588-585: A few University of Maryland team members to found the Academic Competition Foundation. In 1991, they held the first ACF Nationals, which was won by the host Tennessee team over Georgia Tech. While departing from College Bowl's structure, the tournament initially included a few elements carried over from College Bowl games. Those elements were later removed. No ACF Nationals tournament was held in 1992, but, beginning in 1993, Regionals and Nationals tournaments were held every year. By 1996, ACF Nationals
686-399: A final. After the end of the qualifier rounds, eight of the original 12 teams advanced to the quarterfinals. Listed by team name (seed), these were: Ole Miss (1), Tennessee (2), Michigan (3), USC (4), UCLA (5), Alabama (6), Columbia (7), and Auburn (8). Morehouse , UVA , Minnesota , and XULA were eliminated. The quarterfinal results were as follows: For the semifinals,
784-572: A full packet. ACF Fall is intended to be an easy college tournament for new college players or players with limited high school quiz bowl experience. ACF fall is played concurrently each year throughout the United States and internationally in Canada and the United Kingdom. With over 200 teams participating across all sites, ACF fall is the most-widely played college set in a given year. ACF Fall follows
882-535: A name of the sponsor as their team or club name (see List of sports clubs named after a sponsor). In association football , leagues and cup competitions sometimes adopt the name of their sponsors. For example, England 's Premier League was known as the Barclays Premier League until 2016, and its FA Cup is officially the Emirates FA Cup. The Premier League announced in 2015 that it would not accept
980-580: A property in recognition of the financial support. This is not a financial transaction in the style of the private sector. For example, in honor of the more than $ 60 million donated over the years by one donor to the National Air and Space Museum properties, the directors of the Smithsonian Institution chose to name its satellite facility in Loudoun County, Virginia , after the donor, calling it
1078-601: A qualifier round followed by a traditional playoff bracket including quarterfinals, "The Blitz," semifinal, and a final. After the end of the qualifier rounds, twelve of the original 16 teams advanced to the quarterfinals. Listed by team name (seed), these were: Notre Dame (1), Oklahoma (2), Texas (3), Georgia (4), Washington (5), BYU (6), Penn State (7), Spelman (8), Syracuse (9), UC Santa Barbara (10), Columbia (11), and Duke (12). Ohio State , Florida , Albany State , and Morehouse were eliminated. The quarterfinal results were as follows: For "The Blitz,"
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#17328693808111176-467: A revival of the show, developed from the format of Honda Campus All-Star Challenge and Africa Challenge , with Peyton Manning as host and a ten-episode run ordered. The revival, Capital One College Bowl , aired from June 22, 2021 to October 28, 2022. College Bowl originated as a USO activity created by Canadian Don Reid for soldiers serving in World War II . Reid and John Moses then developed
1274-494: A special one-time playoff contest to become the only six-time winner in a "five-win-limit" competition. An upset occurred in 1961, when the small liberal arts colleges of Hobart and William Smith in Geneva, New York, defeated Baylor University to become the third college to retire undefeated. Pomona College began its five-game G.E. College Bowl winning streak on October 15, 1961, by first defeating Texas Christian University followed by
1372-418: A starter has to withdraw for any reason. On April 28, 2022, NBC renewed the series for a second season, with Harry Friedman being named executive producer. The second season premiered on September 9, 2022. The game is played using a modified version of the current Honda Campus All-Star Challenge rules, between two teams of three players, with no penalty for wrong answers. In each of the first two rounds,
1470-599: A title sponsorship beginning in the 2016–17 season. Since 2020, the French Professional Football Ligue adopted the name of Ligue 1 Uber Eats . In college football , most bowl games have modified their traditional names in favor of title sponsors, and in some cases have abandoned their traditional names. While most include their traditional name in some form (e.g. the Rose Bowl Game presented by Prudential ), some have moved to sponsor-only names (e.g.
1568-470: A used category gets replaced with a new one. In subsequent turns, the contestant in the position corresponding to the question number goes first. The round ends after six questions. In season two, a new round was added in between the quarterfinals and semifinals, called "The Blitz," consisting of the Kickoff and Two-Minute Drill. 3 matches are played, with the winner of each advancing to the semifinals, along with
1666-583: Is Willis Tower in Chicago which was and often still is referred to as the "Sears Tower", even though the building was sold in 1994 (but retained its former name until 2003). Sporting events such as the FIFA World Cup , UEFA Euro , Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games prohibit the use of corporate-sponsored name on stadiums, construing the practice as a form of ambush marketing . Any stadium that uses
1764-496: Is not named after Toyota Motor Corporation , but the name of the city in which the stadium is located (though the city was named after the company). The regular corporate signage of a site, including billboards and deck advertising, is usually covered up in these cases; in the FIFA case the signage is replaced solely with FIFA sponsors. However, with the near-universal use of LED ribbon boards, scoreboards, and sideline boardings since
1862-455: Is a commercial company that since 1979 has sold unofficial naming rights to stars ( i.e. , the astronomical objects ). The naming services are limited to an entry in a book, and carry no scientific or official authenticity according to professional astronomers. In some places, and especially in the UK and United States, the naming or renaming of arenas or events is usually met with disapproval from
1960-495: Is a radio, television, and student quiz show . College Bowl first aired on the NBC Radio Network in 1953 as College Quiz Bowl . It then moved to American television broadcast networks , airing from 1959 to 1963 on CBS and from 1963 to 1970 on NBC . In 1977, the president of College Bowl, Richard Reid, developed it into a non-televised national championship competition on campuses across America through an affiliation with
2058-612: Is mixed. Naming rights sold to new venues have largely been accepted, especially if the buyer is well-established and has strong local connections to the area, such as the cases of Rich Stadium (now Highmark BlueCross BlueShield Stadium ) in the Buffalo suburb of Orchard Park , Heinz Field (now Acrisure Stadium) in Pittsburgh , and Coors Field in Denver . Selling the naming rights to an already-existing venue has been notably less successful, as in
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#17328693808112156-624: Is more widely believed to have begun in 1926 when William Wrigley , the chewing gum magnate and owner of the Chicago Cubs , named his team's stadium " Wrigley Field ". In 1953, Anheuser-Busch head and St. Louis Cardinals owner August Busch, Jr. proposed renaming Sportsman's Park , occupied by the Cardinals, " Budweiser Stadium". When this idea was rejected by Ford Frick , the Commissioner of Baseball at that time, Anheuser-Busch then proposed
2254-450: Is presented annually to a member of the quizbowl community who exhibits the kind of dedication to and long-term support of academic competitions as exemplified by career of Dr. Carper. Beginning in 2019, ACF empowered a committee of former Carper winners who are also ACF members to select a second winner. College Bowl College Bowl (which has carried a naming rights sponsor, initially General Electric and later Capital One )
2352-420: Is that the buyer gets a marketing property to promote products and services, promote customer retention and/or increase market share. There are several forms of corporate sponsored names. For example, a presenting sponsor attaches the name of the corporation or brand at the end (or, sometimes, beginning) of a generic, usually traditional, name (e.g. Mall of America Field at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome ); or,
2450-496: Is the brand used by said state agency in its marketing campaign for agricultural products produced in that state. Naming rights in United States may have been traced back to 1912 with the opening of Fenway Park in Boston . The stadium's owner had owned a realty company called "Fenway Realty" (itself, like the stadium, named for a nearby parkland ), so the promotional value of the naming may have likely been considered. Despite this, it
2548-407: Is unique in that it involves awarding a tournament title outright to a team which is two or more games ahead in the standings of the second-place team at the end of the tournament proper. If two teams are tied, a one-game winner-take-all final is played. An advantaged final of up to two games is played if the first-place team is exactly one game ahead of the second-place team. ACF tournaments follow
2646-736: The Association of College Unions International (ACUI), which lasted for 31 years. In 1989, College Bowl introduced a (sponsored) version of College Bowl for historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) called Honda Campus All-Star Challenge (HCASC) which is ongoing. In 2007, College Bowl produced a new version and format of the game as an international championship in Africa, called Africa Challenge (Celtel Africa Challenge, Zain Africa Challenge). The College Bowl Campus Program and National Championship ran until 2008. In November 2020, NBC announced
2744-570: The Gator Bowl was known for four playings as the TaxSlayer Bowl), a move that generally is treated with consternation from fans. Some newer bowl games have been named after title sponsors since inception—for example, the Blockbuster Bowl , original named after Blockbuster Video when it debuted in 1990, has gone through multiple sponsorship and naming changes; for its December 2023 playing, it
2842-579: The Kentucky Farm Bureau , an organization promoting the interests of Kentucky farmers that is best known to the non-farming public for its insurance business, acquired the naming rights to the University of Kentucky 's new baseball park in 2018. The Farm Bureau in turn donated those naming rights to the Kentucky Department of Agriculture , naming the venue Kentucky Proud Park . The sponsored name
2940-580: The MBTA 's State Street station by Citizens Bank lasted from 1997 to 2000. In Tampa , naming rights for both streetcar stations and rolling stock are available. In December 2016, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority approved a naming rights policy for its facilities and routes, but later rescinded the policy two months later over potential lawsuits for skipping sponsors. Examples outside of
3038-653: The Syra-quiz at Syracuse University , had occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1976, the program became affiliated with the Association of College Unions International (ACUI), which continued to promote the competition as a non-broadcast event after the demise of the radio and television experiments. That affiliation ended in 2008, and the College Bowl campus program is no longer active. The College Bowl Company continues to create, produce and license versions of College Bowl in
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3136-501: The University of Kentucky team, and held in November 2001. This three-tournament lineup continued to 2009, then again from 2011 to 2019, with a fourth, intermediate difficulty, "ACF Winter" tournament held as part of the current circuit, as well as in 2009-10 An ACF game consists of twenty ten-point tossups with thirty-point bonuses, a format now widely used by various collegiate and high school quiz bowl tournaments. The ACF finals format
3234-696: The Winston Cup Series featured sponsor names (including the Daytona 500 , which was given a presenting sponsor as the Daytona 500 by STP ), with little or no reference to the original names. As of the 2010s, very few exceptions remain in NASCAR (such as the Daytona 500, which no longer uses the presenting sponsor), and typically races without sponsor names only lack them because a suitable sponsor could not be secured in enough time. IndyCar follows suit, with most races (except
3332-827: The district of London in which it is located. While the highest prices have traditionally been paid for stadium rights, many companies and individuals have found that selling their naming rights can be an important consideration in funding their business. Since the early 2000s, many new categories have opened up, such as the selling of the rights to name a new monkey species for $ 650,000. Naming rights to public transit stations have been sold in Las Vegas and Philadelphia ( NRG station , Jefferson Station , and Penn Medicine station ). Such sales have been contemplated in New York and Boston , and ruled out in San Francisco. A sponsorship for
3430-533: The 1983 and 1985 College Bowl National Championship Tournaments were cancelled. In response to these concerns, the University of Maryland and University of Tennessee stopped participating in College Bowl, followed a few years later by the Georgia Institute of Technology and a steadily increasing number schools. In the fall of 1990, the then-coach of the University of Tennessee team Carol Guthrie joined with
3528-522: The 1990s with the rise of the Academic Competition Federation and National Academic Quiz Tournaments , both with their national championships, several schools (such as the University of Maryland, the University of Chicago, both former national champions, and recent runner up Georgia Tech) "de-affiliated" from College Bowl. Factors that contributed to this process included, among other issues, eligibility rules for College Bowl (which limited
3626-470: The 30 teams in the NBA ) and calls on one member at a time from alternating teams to respond. A miss or repetition of any previously given answer eliminates the contestant from the round. When called on, a contestant may challenge any one opposing team member to respond instead; if the opponent gives a correct answer, the challenger is eliminated. The first team to be eliminated must choose one of its members to sit out
3724-573: The Academic Competition Federation to continue running the Regional and National tournaments along with John Sheahan and David Hamilton. The 1999 Nationals saw the first presentation of the Dr. N. Gordon Carper Lifetime Achievement Award, which recognizes individuals "for meritorious services in sustaining and enriching collegiate academic competitions." Following the rise to popularity of NAQT ,
3822-835: The Crypto.com Arena deal, the record belonged to Toronto's Scotiabank Arena (formerly the Air Canada Centre, which opened in 1999), which garnered a deal of CA$ 800 million (US$ 517 million) over 20 years starting in 2018. The New Meadowlands Stadium, shared home of the New York Giants and New York Jets in East Rutherford, New Jersey , US, was expected to eclipse both deals, with experts estimating it would value US$ 25–30 million annually. It ultimately fell short of that benchmark, with MetLife Stadium earning $ 17 million annually from its naming rights deal with MetLife . Occasionally,
3920-483: The Evraz steel company – mistakenly believing that the company's North American division was based there. However, the main motivation for accelerating the name change was the perceived need to disassociate with the steel company, largely owned by Russian oligarchs, following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . A nonprofit organization has the option to recognize a major gift from a donor by bestowing naming rights to
4018-600: The Follow-Ups, for which conferring is allowed. An incorrect response at any time gives the opposing team a chance to steal the points with a correct answer. In season two, a category that was used is replaced with a new one. One category is secretly designated as "Extra Credit," awarding 20 points per question if chosen. This was removed in the second season. Each of these rounds ends after three categories have been played. A random draw decides which team will choose first in Round 1, and
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4116-484: The November 2004 elections that essentially stipulated the name must revert to Candlestick Park once the contract with Monster expired in 2008. The initiative proved largely ceremonial, however, and it was overturned by the passage of Proposition C in 2009 in response to desperate economic times. The naming rights to the park were never resold and the stadium was closed and demolished in 2014. Sports stadiums with naming rights deals are most common in but not limited to
4214-529: The Two-Minute Drill, while the opposing team plays the round with all three. The "Dropout Round" was replaced in season two starting with the quarterfinals with a new round dubbed "The Handoff," in which three categories each feature a question with three correct answers. The trailing team goes first. Each correct response is worth 20 points, while an incorrect response moves on to the next teammate until all three chances have finished. Just like "The Knockout,"
4312-531: The UK for a $ 7,500 grant in the "College Bowl World Championship," which was also televised. In 1978, Stanford defeated Yale with a score of 260–200 at the US Championships, earning the right to represent the US against a UK all-star team. The UK all-star team, composed of two students from Oxford, one student from Nottingham, and one from Durham, defeated the US team with a score of 385–55. The game played in 1978 between
4410-401: The US and the UK followed College Bowl rules. In 1979, Davidson College emerged as the winner of the US Championships and competed against Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge University under University Challenge rules. Once again, the UK team secured a win. There have been two television appearances since then; the 1984 tournament semi-finals and finals aired on NBC , hosted by Pat Sajak , and
4508-660: The United States and elsewhere, including Africa Challenge (2007–10), which featured schools from Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia; University Challenge in New Zealand and India; University Challenge in the United Kingdom, which is seen every week in primetime on BBC 2 ; and the Honda Campus All-Star Challenge at historically black colleges and universities , sponsored by American Honda , which has awarded over $ 10,000,000 in institutional grants since its debut in 1989. In
4606-608: The United States include Madrid Metro where the metro line Line 2 and the station Sol was renamed from 2013 to 2016 after the mobile phone operator Vodafone , and Monumento Station in the Manila Light Rail Transit System in the Philippines , which was renamed Yamaha Monumento Station on February 14, 2018, after renovations. Naming rights in the realm of sports is common for both stadiums and sports competitions and series. In addition, some sports teams adopt
4704-429: The United States, 2 in Canada, and one in the United Kingdom. ACF Regionals follows the packet-submission model. ACF Nationals is the final ACF tournament each season, and it has been run for more than 25 years. With the 48 strongest teams in the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom competing together at a single tournament location, the questions at ACF Nationals are more difficult than those at ACF Regionals. EACN
4802-506: The United States. "Named" stadiums can be found in countries including Australia, Japan, China, Finland, Canada, Israel and Germany, where 8 of the 10 largest football stadiums have their naming rights sold to corporate sponsors. The practice is widening in the United Kingdom; for instance the current stadium of Bolton Wanderers is the Toughsheet Community Stadium (after 17 years as Reebok Stadium, 4 as Macron Stadium and 5 as
4900-475: The University of Bolton stadium) and Arsenal Football Club 's stadium (opened for the 2006/2007 season) is the Emirates Stadium , their previous ground being Arsenal Stadium . In cricket, the most famous example is The Oval , home of Surrey County Cricket Club . It has had several sponsors over the years, and is currently known as "The Kia Oval", having originally been known as the "Kennington Oval", after
4998-422: The University of Washington, Hood College, Amherst College, and Washington and Lee University. In another surprise, Lafayette College retired undefeated in fall 1962 after beating the University of California, Berkeley for its fifth victory, a David and Goliath event. Ohio Wesleyan University retired undefeated easily beating Bard, Marymount, UCLA, Michigan Tech, and Alfred. Another upset occurred in 1966 when
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#17328693808115096-456: The all-female Agnes Scott College from Georgia defeated an all-male team from Princeton University . The show licensed and spun off three other academic competitions in the U.S.: In 1989, College Bowl introduced its academic team championship for historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) called Honda Campus All-Star Challenge (HCASC) sponsored by American Honda Motor Company . From 1990 to 1995, Honda Campus All-Star Challenge
5194-486: The attempt to rename Candlestick Park in San Francisco to 3Com Park. The general public (and some media outlets) continued to call the facility what it had been known as for over three decades – i.e. Candlestick Park. After the agreement with 3Com expired, the rights were resold to Monster Cable , and the stadium was renamed Monster Park . San Francisco voters responded by passing an initiative (Proposition H) in
5292-449: The decline of College Bowl , and longstanding complaints about the difficulty of ACF, a decision was made in 2001 to focus on the accessibility of Academic Competition Federation tournaments. Despite those efforts, however, only sixteen teams attended ACF Nationals in 2001, and the future of the tournament seemed tenuous. Thus, a third, easier tournament, ACF Fall, was conceived by University of Kentucky player Kelly McKenzie, star player of
5390-534: The entire 1987 tournament on Disney Channel , hosted by Dick Cavett . The University of Minnesota won both iterations. In 1970, modern quiz bowl invitational tournaments began with the Southeastern Invitational Tournament, and the circuit expanded through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. These tournaments increasingly made various modifications to the College Bowl format and came to be known as quiz bowl . Earlier invitational tournaments, such as
5488-532: The game changed to Zain Africa Challenge . Season five, which was set to be telecast in 2011, failed to make it past pre-production after Zain sold its African network operations to Bharti Airtel . An Irish version of the competition called Challenging Times ran between 1991 and 2002. It was sponsored by The Irish Times newspaper and presented by Kevin Myers , then a columnist with that newspaper. Throughout
5586-418: The game into a radio show. Grant Tinker , later President of NBC and MTM Enterprises , got his start as an assistant on the show. Richard Reid has led the College Bowl since 1975. He has created, produced, and supervised all versions of College Bowl innovated since then (except for a 1984 NBC special). Two four-member teams representing various colleges and universities competed; one member of each team
5684-409: The general public. Some people see it as an example of a selling out , especially when they see no obvious benefit to themselves. They often refuse to use a new name, preferring instead to use a non-branded name, especially in colloquial situations. Rebranding can also lead to confusion. In such cases, there may be a lengthy period during which the property is known by both names. A common example
5782-442: The growing Internet community of quiz bowl players led to a great increase in teams, tournaments, and formats. No tournament was held in 1983 or 1985, though regional tournaments were held each year. †Tied for third (lost in semifinals, no playoff for third place). Naming rights Naming rights are a financial transaction and form of advertising or memorialization whereby a corporation, person, or other entity purchases
5880-445: The latter half including two "Extra Credit" categories that not only double the points but also feature two answers. In season one, members of teams eliminated in the qualifiers, quarterfinals, or semifinals each receive $ 5,000, $ 10,000, or $ 15,000, respectively. In season two, members of teams eliminated in the qualifiers, quarterfinals, "The Blitz," or semifinals each receive $ 5,000, $ 10,000, $ 15,000, or $ 20,000 respectively. Members of
5978-410: The mid-2000s in most major league sites where only known sponsors have advertising displayed, "neutralizing" an arena has become a much easier process than in the past. Regina, Saskatchewan 's REAL District was formerly named " Evraz Place"; when discussing its 2022 rebranding, its owner Regina Exhibition Association Limited stated that it had sometimes received shipments and communications meant for
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#17328693808116076-496: The naming rights after selling the team) was able to use the same name for the Cardinals' new stadium which opened on April 4, 2006. Foxboro Stadium , the home of the New England Patriots between 1971 and 2001, was an early example of a team selling naming rights to a company that did not own it, naming the stadium Schaefer Stadium after the beer company from its opening until 1983. The public reaction to this practice
6174-687: The number of graduate students who could compete and required a minimum course load), higher participation costs for College Bowl relative to these other formats, and concerns regarding the quality and difficulty of the questions used in College Bowl competitions. On November 24, 2020, it was announced that a 10-episode revival of the series had been ordered at NBC, with Peyton Manning as host (and producer) and his brother Cooper serving as sidekick. The revival, titled Capital One College Bowl , premiered on June 22, 2021. Twelve teams compete for $ 1 million in scholarship funds; each team fields four players, three starters and one alternate who can be brought in if
6272-412: The opponent control. The third and final round is the "Two-Minute Drill," in which each team has two minutes to answer as many questions as possible. In season one, teams chose their categories ("majors") from a group of six before the game began, and the trailing team went first. Teammates may confer on the questions, but only the captain may buzz in and answer. Each correct response scores 25 points, and
6370-402: The packet submission model, where editors organize the writing project and teams submit questions which will be used in competition. Depending on the experience of the players on a given team, that team may need to submit questions that will either comprise the entirety of a 20-tossup, 20-bonus packet, or that will be combined by editors with the question submissions of one or more teams to produce
6468-596: The packet-submission model. In 2009 and 2010, ACF organized the ACF Winter tournament. The target difficulty for ACF Winter was that of a regular college tournament, i.e. more difficult than ACF Fall and easier than ACF Regionals. In February 2020, ACF announced that it will be releasing ACF Winter again for the 2020-2021 season onwards. ACF Regionals is the regular-difficulty (more difficult that ACF Fall) college tournament by which teams may qualify for ACF Nationals. In 2020, there were 11 concurrent ACF Regionals tournaments in
6566-489: The pandemic, in 2020 the national championship was suspended and the 2021 version was a virtual event. In 2011, HCASC adopted the Africa Challenge format of the game created by Richard Reid: the highlights of the format were three rounds of Face-Off (Toss-up) and Bonus questions played in categories followed by a catch-up round called the Ultimate Challenge. A British version of the televised College Bowl competition
6664-452: The program ; examples include The Fleischmann's Yeast Hour , Texaco Star Theatre and The Philco Television Playhouse . This form of sponsorship fell out of favor in the late 1950s, although later examples include Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom , which originally aired from 1963 to 1988. One of the last surviving examples is the now irregularly-airing Hallmark Hall of Fame , on the air since 1951. The International Star Registry
6762-586: The purchaser of a stadium's naming rights may choose to donate those rights to an outside organization, typically one to which it is closely related. Probably the most notable example of this is Friends Arena , a major stadium in Stockholm . The facility was originally known as Swedbank Arena, but in 2012 that company donated those rights to the Friends Foundation, an organization heavily sponsored by Swedbank that seeks to combat school bullying . More recently,
6860-466: The qualifier, quarterfinal, and "Blitz" rounds. The resulting order was: Columbia (1), Penn State (2), BYU (3), and Georgia (4). The semifinal results were as follows: For the final, Georgia won the championship with a score of 910–855; team members Layla Parsa, Aidan Leahy, and Elijah Odunade received $ 125,000 scholarships to put towards their college education. Columbia's Akshay Manglik, Albert Zhang, and Forrest Weintraub received $ 25,000 scholarships as
6958-420: The remaining four teams were re-seeded based on their combined scores from the qualifier and quarterfinal rounds. The resulting order was: Columbia (1), USC (2), Alabama (3), and Auburn (4). USC was the only team to avoid being defeated by a lower-seeded opponent in the quarterfinals. The semifinal results were as follows: For the final, the team with the higher cumulative score in all previous matches (USC) won
7056-474: The remaining six teams also advance as wild cards. All matches beyond the qualifiers in the first season had three Face-Off rounds, with five categories available; each round ended when four of them have been played. The higher-seeded team in each match starts the first round. In season one, the Face-Offs were followed by a "Dropout Round," in which the host asks a question with multiple correct answers (e.g. naming
7154-453: The remaining six teams were re-seeded based on their combined scores from the qualifier and quarterfinal rounds. The resulting order was: Penn State (1), Columbia (2), BYU (3), Georgia (4), Syracuse (5), and UC Santa Barbara (6). Penn State advanced to the semifinal, with the most points out of the runner-up teams. The "Blitz" results were as follows: For the semifinal, the remaining four teams were re-seeded based on their combined scores from
7252-602: The rest of the run. The norm developed in the Ludden-Earle era of undefeated teams retiring after winning five games. Each winning team earned $ 1,500 in scholarship grants from General Electric with runner-up teams receiving $ 500. A team's fifth victory awarded $ 3,000 from General Electric plus $ 1,500 from Gimbels department stores for a grand total of $ 10,500. On April 16, 1967, Seventeen magazine matched GE's payouts so that each victory won $ 3,000 and runners-up earned $ 1,000. The payouts from Gimbel's department stores remained
7350-464: The right to choose the first category in Round 1. Columbia won the championship with a score of 790–775; team members Tamarah Wallace, Shomik Ghose, and Jake Fisher received $ 125,000 scholarships to put towards their college education, as did alternate Addis Boyd. USC's Ann Nguyen, Karan Menon, and Brendan Glascock, along with alternate Astrid, received $ 25,000 scholarships as the runner-up team. The revival's second season took place over five rounds, with
7448-425: The right to name a facility, object, location, program, or event (most often a sports venue ), typically for a defined period of time. For properties such as multi-purpose arenas, performing arts venues, or sports fields, the term ranges from three to 20 years. Longer terms are more common for higher profile venues such as professional sports facilities. The distinctive characteristic for this type of naming rights
7546-458: The runner-up team that scored the most points. In the second season's semifinals, a new round dubbed "Pass-Play" was introduced. In this round, two categories are shown, and the controlling team chooses which one to play, with the remaining category being given to the opposing team. The trailing team goes first. Correct answers are worth 20 points, while an incorrect answer awards the opponents those points. The round consists of eight questions, with
7644-533: The runner-up team. In the 1987 regional tournament, College Bowl was accused of recycling questions from previous tournaments, thereby possibly compromising the integrity of results. Questions for tournaments need to be new for all teams involved, or certain teams could have a competitive advantage from having heard some questions previously. The 1987 National Tournament on the Disney Channel saw additional controversy, as several protested matches proved to strain
7742-510: The same so that five-time champions retired with a grand total of $ 19,500. Colgate University was the first team to win five consecutive contests and become "retired undefeated champions," defeating New York University in Colgate's first appearance in April 1960 when NYU was going for its fifth win. Rutgers was the second college to win five contests and be retired. Colgate later defeated Rutgers in
7840-457: The show, University College Cork had the most wins, with three, while National University of Ireland, Galway qualified for the most finals, winning twice and placing second twice. The game returned to radio from 1979 to 1982, hosted by Art Fleming , with the 1978 and 1979 national tournament semi-finals and finals appearing on syndicated television. The two champions from those years earned $ 5,000 for their school and competed against teams from
7938-410: The sponsor for the 1954–55 season, and a short third season in the autumn of 1955 finished the run. The most dominant team was the University of Minnesota , which had teams appear in 23 of the 68 broadcast matches. The 1953–55 series had a powerful appeal because it used remote broadcasts; each team was located at their college where they were cheered on by their wildly enthusiastic classmates. The effect
8036-578: The team members could collaborate, but only the captain was allowed to answer. The game continued in this manner and was played in halves. During halftime, the players were allowed to show a short promotional film of their school or they might talk about career plans or the like. The first College Quiz Bowl match was played on NBC radio on October 10, 1953, when Northwestern University defeated Columbia University , 135–60. Twenty-six episodes ran in that first season, with winning teams receiving $ 500 grants for their school. Good Housekeeping magazine became
8134-435: The teams are shown four categories. This round was known as the "Face-Off" in season one but was renamed the "Kickoff" in season two, with only one round being played. Each category contains one "Face-Off" question and two bonus "Follow-Up" questions, all worth 10 points each. The Face-Off questions are asked on the buzzers to all players, with no conferring allowed. The first player to buzz in and answer correctly wins control of
8232-457: The television format. Especially in the early 1990s, The College Bowl Company attempted to collect licensing fees based on copyright and trade dress claims from invitational tournaments that employed formats that it claimed were similar to College Bowl and threatened not to allow schools that failed to pay these fees to compete in College Bowl events. As it was, the company's intellectual property claims were never tested in court. These events and
8330-688: The title "Busch Stadium" after one of the company's founders. The name was readily approved, and Anheuser-Busch subsequently released a new product called "Busch Bavarian Beer" (now known as Busch Beer ). The name would later be shifted to the Busch Memorial Stadium in 1966 , shortened in the 1970s to "Busch Stadium" and remained the stadium's name until it closed in 2005. By that time, Major League Baseball 's policy had changed – with Coors Field in Denver and Miller Park in Milwaukee going up in that span – and Anheuser-Busch (who retained
8428-440: The tournament champion and runner-up teams each receive $ 125,000 and $ 25,000, respectively. Alternates receive the same monetary award as their teammates. In addition, four contestants are chosen to receive $ 5,000 Merit Awards based on their character and leadership ability. The revival's first season took place over four rounds, with a qualifier round followed by a traditional playoff bracket including quarterfinals, semifinals, and
8526-566: The trailing team at the end of this round chooses first in Round 2. During both rounds, the team that correctly answers the Face-Off question in a category earns the right to select the next one, regardless of the outcome of the Follow-Ups. The second "Kickoff" round was replaced in season two by a new round dubbed "One-on-One," in which three categories, each with three questions, are shown and both teams determine who will participate. Correct answers are worth 20 points, while an incorrect response gives
8624-447: The very traditional Indianapolis 500 ) embracing title sponsorship. Sports media coverage (such as ESPN news reports) typically refer to races by the town in which the home race track is held, avoiding the use of sponsored names in news coverage. Television and radio series, especially in the early days of each medium in the early-mid 20th century, frequently sold the naming rights to their programs to sponsors, most of whom bankrolled
8722-415: Was akin to listening to a football game. Though a pilot was shot in the spring of 1955, the game did not move to television until 1959. As G.E. College Bowl with General Electric as the primary sponsor, the show ran on CBS from 1959 to 1963, and moved back to NBC from 1963 to 1970. Allen Ludden was the original host, but left to do Password full-time in 1962. Robert Earle was the moderator for
8820-444: Was an ACF-sponsored collegiate novice tournament written and competed on from 2010 to 2013. With stricter eligibility requirements than ACF Fall, EACN was intended to be an introduction to collegiate quiz bowl for people who had not played previously. Dr. N. Gordon Carper Lifetime Achievement Award was established in 1999 to honor individuals for meritorious services in sustaining and enriching collegiate academic competitions. The award
8918-405: Was an international championship version of College Bowl featuring schools from across the continent that finished at the top of nationwide, non-televised championship tournaments. The format for Africa Challenge was created by Richard Reid. It featured three players playing three rounds of Face-Off and Bonus questions, and it culminated in a catch-up round called the Ultimate Challenge. The program
9016-432: Was attracting 40 teams, but after the 1997 Nationals, Carol Guthrie announced that she and co-founder Jim Dendy were each resigning, and that ACF would go defunct. In 1996, a new company called National Academic Quiz Tournaments (1996) was formed. NAQT was more organized than ACF in several respects, yet also included College Bowl-like features in their questions. University of Virginia student Andrew Yaphe thus organized
9114-425: Was broadcast on BET, featuring the top 16 HBCUs, survivors of regional tournaments, competing in a single-elimination tournament. The game was played under the same rules as College Bowl. Starting in 1996 and until the present, HCASC has been played as a live-event national championship. Originally, sixty-four HBCUs traveled to and competed at the national championship. Now, forty-eight schools travel and compete. Due to
9212-440: Was its captain. The game began with a "toss-up" question for ten points. The first player to buzz in got the right to answer, but if the contestant was wrong, the other team could try to answer (if a player buzzed in before the host finished reading the question and was wrong, the team was penalized five points). Answering a "toss-up" correctly earned the team the right to answer a multi-part "bonus" question worth up to thirty points;
9310-807: Was known as the Pop-Tarts Bowl. Team names and even whole leagues have occasionally been sold to corporate sponsors as well (examples include the New York Red Bulls in the former case, the NET10 Wireless Arena Football League for the latter), but this is generally rare in the United States and more common in other parts of the world. During the 1980s, sanctioned auto races in NASCAR and IndyCar began to abandon their traditional names in favor of exclusive sponsor names. The trend expanded rapidly in NASCAR such that in 1991, all 29 races in
9408-569: Was launched as University Challenge in 1962. The program, presented by Bamber Gascoigne , produced by Granada Television and broadcast across the ITV network, was very popular and ran until it was taken off the air in 1987. In 1994, the show was resurrected by the BBC with Jeremy Paxman (who was also hosting Newsnight at that time) as the new quizmaster. In 2022, it was announced that Amol Rajan would be taking over as host, after Paxman announced that he
9506-518: Was sponsored by the mobile phone company Celtel , its headquarters in The Netherlands. In the first year, schools from Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda competed. In the second year schools from Malawi and Zambia were added. In the third year, schools from Ghana, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone were added. After the second year, Celtel was sold to the mobile phone company Zain , headquartered in Bahrain. The name of
9604-541: Was stepping down, owing to Parkinson's disease . Since 2011, a Christmas -time edition has also existed, titled Christmas University Challenge , featuring university alumni. A New Zealand version of University Challenge ran from 1976 to 1989, hosted by Peter Sinclair . It had a three-year revival beginning in 2014, with Tom Conroy as host. University Challenge in Australia ran on ABC from 1987 until 1989, hosted by Magnus Clarke. Launched in 2007, Africa Challenge
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