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127-581: Absolute Radio is a British digital radio station owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK as part of the Absolute Radio Network . It broadcasts nationally across the UK via digital audio broadcasting . The station focuses on alternative and indie music. The Broadcasting Act 1990 allowed for the launch of independent national radio (INR) stations in the United Kingdom. The Radio Authority

254-529: A DMB video sub-channel can easily be added to any DAB transmission - as DMB was designed from the outset to be carried on a DAB subchannel. DMB broadcasts in Korea carry conventional MPEG 1 Layer II DAB audio services alongside their DMB video services. Australia commenced regular digital audio broadcasting using the DAB+ standard on 4 May 2009, after many years of trialling alternative systems. Normal radio services operate on

381-555: A Methodist local preacher , which he did not complete. Frost attended Barnsole Road Primary School in Gillingham, St Hugh's School, Woodhall Spa , Gillingham Grammar School and finally – while residing in Raunds, Northamptonshire – Wellingborough Grammar School . Throughout his school years he was an avid football and cricket player, and was offered a contract with Nottingham Forest F.C. For two years before going to university he

508-509: A Programme, More a Way of Life , which he co-chaired with Willie Rushton and poet P. J. Kavanagh . Screened on three evenings each week, this series was dropped after a sketch was found to be offensive to Catholics and another to the British royal family. More successful was The Frost Report , broadcast between 1966 and 1967. The show launched the television careers of John Cleese , Ronnie Barker , and Ronnie Corbett , who appeared together in

635-465: A breakfast show audience increase of 660,000 to 2.2m in his first three months. In August 1998, Evans took a spur of the moment decision one weekend to launch a Saturday afternoon show called Rock 'n' Roll Football , which continues to be broadcast on Absolute Radio. From 5 October 1998, Virgin Radio started simulcasts of the breakfast show on Sky One each morning for an hour between 7.30 and 8.30 am When

762-887: A consortium of CLT , Harvey Goldsmith and RTÉ (£211,000). The TV-am/Virgin consortium was awarded the licence in April 1992, after the Radio Authority said that it was not satisfied that Independent National Broadcasting would be able to sustain the service. Later that year, TV-am lost its ITV franchise and its stake in the radio station was sold in March 1993 to Apax Partners , JP Morgan Investment Corporation and Sir David Frost . The station launched as Virgin 1215 at 12:15 pm on 30 April 1993. The original line-up of DJs included Richard Skinner , Russ Williams , Jono Coleman , Mitch Johnson, Graham Dene , Nick Abbot , Wendy Lloyd , Tommy Vance , Emperor Rosko and Dave Fanning . Chris Evans

889-579: A deal with YooMedia to make Virgin Radio available on Freeview . Long before the station's AM transmitters were closed in January 2023, it had always placed a great emphasis on other methods of transmission than medium wave, as the 1215 kHz frequency suffered from considerable interference, particularly after dark – BBC Radio 1, which used 1215 kHz for its first eleven years on air, moved to higher-quality medium wave frequencies (now used by talkSport ) in 1978 primarily for this reason. On 12 April 2007, it

1016-471: A decision on a radio switchover subject to listening and coverage criteria being met. A digital radio switchover would maintain FM as a platform, while moving some services to DAB-only distribution. DAB+ devices in the UK has been available to the public by 2010 The United States has opted for the proprietary HD Radio technology, a type of in-band on-channel (IBOC) technology. According to iBiquity , "HD Radio"

1143-524: A digital-only station. For the last few weeks, taking advantage of the separate satellite feed to the AM transmitter sites, the commercial breaks split-linked, being replaced on AM by the presenter of the show that was on reading the pending closedown script, then Leona Graham reading the same script as the station voice, then part of a radio-themed song being played before programming cut back in. On Leona's own show, to avoid duplicating her announcement, she introduced

1270-459: A discussion with Libya's leader Muammar Gaddafi as part of the Monitor Group 's involvement in the country. In June 2010, Frost presented Frost on Satire , an hour-long BBC Four documentary looking at the history of television satire. Frost/Nixon was originally a play written by Peter Morgan , developed from the interviews that Frost had conducted with Richard Nixon in 1977. Frost/Nixon

1397-503: A fair trial. Frost's introductory words for his television programmes during this period, "Hello, good evening and welcome", became his catchphrase and were often mimicked. Frost was a member of a successful consortium, including former executives from the BBC, that bid for an ITV franchise in 1967. This became London Weekend Television , which began broadcasting in July 1968. The station began with

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1524-463: A few channels. See main WorldSpace article. Each satellite provides three transmission beams that can support 50 channels each, carrying news, music, entertainment, and education, and including a computer multimedia service. Local, regional, and international broadcasters were working with WorldStar to provide services. A consortium of broadcasters and equipment manufacturers are also working to bring

1651-513: A fixed directional antenna. Some digital radio systems provide in-band on-channel (IBOC) solutions that may coexist with or simulcast with analog AM or FM transmissions, while others are designed for designated radio frequency bands. The latter allows one wideband radio signal to carry a multiplex of several radio-channels of various bitrates as well as data services and other forms of media. Some digital broadcasting systems allow single-frequency network (SFN), where all terrestrial transmitters in

1778-402: A given form of communications: telephone , telegraph , or television , for example. All kinds of digital communications can be multiplexed or encrypted at will. David Frost Sir David Paradine Frost OBE (7 April 1939 – 31 August 2013) was an English television host, journalist, comedian and writer. He rose to prominence during the satire boom in the United Kingdom when he

1905-551: A heart attack, aged 74. Cunard said that the vessel had left Southampton for a ten-day cruise in the Mediterranean , ending in Rome . A post-mortem found that Frost had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . Frost's son Miles died from the same condition at the age of 31 in 2015. A funeral service was held at Holy Trinity Church in Nuffield, Oxfordshire , on 12 September 2013, after which he

2032-600: A much lower data rate. Both the FM and AM schemes use lossy compression techniques to make the best use of the limited bandwidth . Lucent Digital Radio, USA Digital Radio (USADR), and Digital Radio Express commenced tests in 1999 of their various schemes for digital broadcast, with the expectation that they would report their results to the National Radio Systems Committee (NRSC) in December 1999. Results of these tests remain unclear, which in general describes

2159-406: A national FM network. Initially, it lobbied for Radio 4's FM network to be made available and then, when the Radio Authority launched a consultation on the use of the 105–108 MHz band, it lobbied for it to be set aside as a national network. The Radio Authority decided, however, that 105–108 MHz would be licensed to new local and regional stations and Virgin Radio applied for and won one of

2286-597: A number of Rock Star Babylon stories by former Now Show comedian Jon Holmes , the series featured the voices of Shaun Keaveny , Jon Culshaw and Jake Yapp . Short episodes were broadcast Monday to Thursday at 11   pm for six weeks from 6 September 2021. The station broadcast from studios in One Golden Square until April 2024. It currently broadcasts from Bauer's building The Lantern, near Euston railway station in London. The 1215 kHz frequency (247 metres)

2413-404: A number of areas, particularly where the signals from the main 1215 transmitters overlapped with each other, the station used filler transmitters on different frequencies. On Wednesday 4 January 2023, Bauer Media Group announced that all the station's remaining AM transmitters would be turned off and that it would be no longer broadcasting on AM from Friday 20 January, turning Absolute Radio into

2540-551: A popular programme. The involvement of Frost in TW3 led to an intensification of the rivalry with Peter Cook who accused him of stealing material and dubbed Frost "the bubonic plagiarist". The new satirical magazine Private Eye also mocked him at this time. Frost visited the U.S. during the break between the two series of TW3 in the summer of 1963 and stayed with the producer of the New York City production of Beyond The Fringe . Frost

2667-472: A programming policy that was considered " highbrow " and suffered launch problems with low audience ratings and financial problems. A September 1968 meeting of the Network Programme Committee, which made decisions about the channel's scheduling, was particularly fraught, with Lew Grade expressing hatred of Frost in his presence. Frost, according to Kitty Muggeridge in 1967, had "risen without

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2794-407: A region sending the same multiplex of radio programs may use the same frequency channel without self- interference problems, further improving the system spectral efficiency . While digital broadcasting offers many potential benefits, its introduction has been hindered by a lack of global agreement on standards and many disadvantages. The DAB Eureka 147 standard for digital radio is coordinated by

2921-415: A service. Low-cost DAB radio receivers are now available from various Japanese manufacturers, and WorldSpace has worked with Thomson Broadcast to introduce a village communications center known as a Telekiosk to bring communications services to rural areas. The Telekiosks are self-contained and are available as fixed or mobile units The key breakthrough or key feature in digital radio transmission systems

3048-469: A station's analog signal's carrier frequency is 93.3 MHz, the digital signal will fill 93.1–93.2 MHz and 93.4–93.5 MHz within the FM Broadcast Band. Several digital audio streams, or "subchannels", can be carried within this single digital data stream, with the number of audio of subchannels and bandwidth allocations at the choice of the station. On the radio tuner, these will appear as (in

3175-629: A trace." He was involved in the station's early years as a presenter. On 20 and 21 July 1969, during the British television Apollo 11 coverage , he presented David Frost's Moon Party for LWT, a ten-hour discussion and entertainment marathon from LWT's Wembley Studios , on the night Neil Armstrong walked on the Moon. Two of his guests on this programme were British historian A. J. P. Taylor and entertainer Sammy Davis Jr. Around this time Frost interviewed Rupert Murdoch whose recently acquired Sunday newspaper,

3302-527: A track was played on the radio, viewers would see a video at the same time. The start of the new football season in August 1999 saw Terry Venables join Russ Williams in a show that would precede Rock 'n' Roll Football . At the end of 1999, at a time when TV programme Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? had yet to give away its top prize, Virgin Radio set a broadcasting first when Clare Barwick won £1 million at

3429-409: A viable alternative. Digital radio deployment was rebooted during 2011 - a joint commission of public and private radio broadcasters decided upon "DAB+" as the new national standard in December 2010. The new station network started as planned on 1. August 2011 with 27 stations with 10 kW each giving a coverage of 70% across the nation. A single "Bundesmux" ("fed-mux": short for "federal multiplex")

3556-482: A year, Virgin Group was considering the next steps for the radio station, including the option of a flotation or buying back the shares of JP Morgan, Apax and Sir David Frost. In May 1997, it was announced that Capital Radio had agreed to acquire Virgin Radio in an £87 million deal. Capital's plans included moving Virgin Radio from 1 Golden Square to Capital's Leicester Square building and splitting programming between

3683-457: Is distinguished by its freedom from FCC censorship in the United States , its relative lack of advertising, and its ability to allow people on the road to listen to the same stations at any location in the country. Listeners must currently pay an annual or monthly subscription fee in order to access the service. Sirius Satellite Radio launched a constellation of three Sirius satellites during

3810-576: Is that they allow lower transmission power, they can provide robustness to noise and cross-talk and other forms of interference, and thus allow the same radio frequency to be reused at shorter distance. Consequently, the spectral efficiency (the number of phonecalls per MHz and base station, or the number of bit/s per Hz and transmitter, etc.) may be sufficiently increased. Digital radio transmission can also carry any kind of information whatsoever — just as long at it has been expressed digitally . Earlier radio communication systems had to be made expressly for

3937-424: Is the company's trade name for its proprietary digital radio system, but the name does not imply either high definition or "hybrid digital" as it is commonly incorrectly referenced. Transmissions use orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing , a technique which is also used for European terrestrial digital TV broadcast ( DVB-T ). HD Radio technology was developed and is licensed by iBiquity Digital Corporation. It

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4064-539: Is widely believed that a major reason for HD radio technology is to offer some limited digital radio services while preserving the relative "stick values" of the stations involved and to ensure that new programming services will be controlled by existing licensees. The FM digital schemes in the U.S. provide audio at rates from 96 to 128 kilobits per second (kbit/s), with auxiliary "subcarrier" transmissions at up to 64 kbit/s. The AM digital schemes have data rates of about 48 kbit/s, with auxiliary services provided at

4191-599: The News of the World , had just serialised the memoirs of Christine Keeler , a central figure in the Profumo scandal of 1963. For the Australian publisher, this was a bruising encounter, although Frost said that he had not intended it to be. Murdoch confessed to his biographer Michael Wolff that the incident had convinced him that Frost was "an arrogant bastard, [and] a bloody bugger". In

4318-583: The 17th Duke of Norfolk . Three sons were born to the couple over the next five years. His second son, Wilfred Frost , followed in his father's footsteps and currently works as an anchor at Sky News and CNBC . They lived for many years in Chelsea, London , and kept a weekend home at Michelmersh Court in Hampshire. On 31 August 2013, Frost was aboard the Cunard cruise ship MS  Queen Elizabeth when he died of

4445-538: The Class sketch . Frost signed for Rediffusion , the ITV weekday contractor in London, to produce a "heavier" interview-based show called The Frost Programme . Guests included Oswald Mosley and Rhodesian premier Ian Smith . His memorable dressing-down of insurance fraudster Emil Savundra , regarded as the first example of " trial by television " in the UK, led to concern from ITV executives that it might affect Savundra's right to

4572-571: The Group W (U.S. Westinghouse Corporation) television stations in the U.S. His 1970 TV special, Frost on America , featured guests such as Jack Benny and Tennessee Williams . In a declassified transcript of a 1972 telephone call between Frost and Henry Kissinger , President Nixon's national security advisor and secretary of state , Frost urged Kissinger to call chess Grandmaster Bobby Fischer and urge him to compete in that year's World Chess Championship . During this call, Frost revealed that he

4699-749: The HE-AACv 2 audio coding format, also known as eAAC+ . Also being adopted are the MPEG Surround format, and stronger error correction coding called Reed–Solomon coding. The update has been named DAB+ . Receivers that support the new DAB standard began being released during 2007 with firmware updated available for some older receivers. DAB and DAB+ cannot be used for mobile TV because they do not include any video codecs. DAB related standards Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) and DAB-IP are suitable for mobile radio and TV both because they have MPEG 4 AVC and WMV9 respectively as video coding formats . However

4826-616: The MPEG-4 based standard aacPlus to code the music and CELP or HVXC for speech programs. At present these are priced too high to be affordable by many in the third world, however. Take-up of DRM has been minuscule and many traditional Shortwave broadcasters now only stream on Internet, use fixed satellite (TV set-boxes) or Local Analogue FM relays to save on costs. Very few (expensive) DRM radio sets are available and some Broadcasters (RTE in Ireland on 252 kHz) have ceased trials without launching

4953-477: The S band range, around 2.3 GHz. Terrestrial broadcasting has advantages in being free and local. Satellite radio is neither of these things; however, in the early 21st century it has grown by providing uncensored content (most notably, the crossover of Howard Stern from terrestrial radio to satellite radio) and commercial-free, all-digital music channels that offer similar radio formats to local stations. The "HD Radio" signal of an FM broadcast station in

5080-644: The SAVAK , the torture during his reign, Khomeini , his threat of extradition to Iran and draws a summary of the current situation in Iran. Frost was an organiser of the Music for UNICEF Concert at the United Nations General Assembly in 1979. Ten years later, he was hired as the anchor of new American tabloid news program Inside Edition . He was dismissed after only three weeks because of poor ratings. It seems he

5207-582: The United States as Worldspace transmits on the L-band and would interfere with USA military as mentioned above. . in its heyday provided service to over 170,000 subscribers in eastern and southern Africa, the Middle East, and much of Asia with 96% coming from India. Timbre Media along with Saregama India plan to relaunch the company. As of 2013 Worldspace is defunct, but two satellites are in orbit which still have

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5334-537: The Watergate scandal that had led to his resignation as president in 1974, expressed contrition saying, "I let the American people down and I have to carry that burden with me for the rest of my life". Frost asked Nixon whether the president could do something illegal in certain situations such as against antiwar groups and others if he decides "it's in the best interests of the nation or something". Nixon replied: "Well, when

5461-550: The World DMB Forum . This standard of digital radio technology was defined in the late 1980s, and is now being introduced in some European countries. Commercial DAB receivers began to be sold in 1999 and, by 2006, 500 million people were in the coverage area of DAB broadcasts, although by this time sales had only taken off in the UK and Denmark . In 2006 there are approximately 1,000 DAB stations in operation. There have been criticisms of

5588-613: The in-band on-channel technique used in the US and Arab world and branded as HD Radio . An older definition, still used in communication engineering literature, is wireless digital transmission technologies, i.e. microwave and radio frequency communication standards where analog information signals as well as digital data are carried by a digital signal , by means of a digital modulation method. This definition includes broadcasting systems such as digital TV and digital radio broadcasting, but also two-way digital radio standards such as

5715-489: The 10% power level fits within the FCC spectral mask." HD Radio HD Radio#cite note-14 . "HD Radio" allows each existing broadcast station to add additional "channels" in the US by transmitting a digital signal on both sides of its channel, just beyond their existing analog Frequency Modulation signal. The HD Radio signal occupies the 0.1 MHz that begins 0.1 MHz above and below the carrier frequency station. For instance, if

5842-485: The 2010–11 to the 2015–16 seasons, Absolute Radio broadcast live commentary of 32 Premier League games on Saturday afternoons. Ian Wright joined the station to host a post-match phone-in programme, as well as a regular music show on Absolute Radio 90s and a football podcast. From 2013 to 2014, Absolute Radio held UK radio rights to American football 's National Football League . In 2021, Absolute Radio commissioned its first scripted comedy series, Rockanory . Based on

5969-581: The 30 most-played artists in the first four months of Absolute Radio had been: Manic Street Preachers , Coldplay , Arctic Monkeys , Snow Patrol , Kings of Leon , The Killers , Oasis , Travis , U2 , Placebo , Suede , Kaiser Chiefs , Kasabian , Queen , Keane , Stereophonics , Caesars , Elbow , Bruce Springsteen , R.E.M. , Nickelback , The Offspring , Aerosmith , The Rolling Stones , Biffy Clyro , The Beatles , David Bowie , Nirvana , The Police and Blur . On 14 July 2022, Absolute Radio launched Absolute Radio Premium where users can listen to

6096-452: The AM and FM bands, as well as four stations (ABC and SBS) on digital TV channels. The services are currently operating in the five state capital cities: Adelaide , Brisbane , Melbourne , Perth and Sydney , and is being trialled in Canberra and Darwin . Canada has begun allowing experimental HD Radio broadcasts in December 2012 and digital audio subchannels on a case-by-case basis, with

6223-536: The AM and FM services. The Radio Authority approved the acquisition, but Nigel Griffiths , the Consumer Affairs Minister, referred the takeover to the Monopolies and Mergers Commission (MMC). The MMC report into the takeover would not be issued until January 1998, and would recommend that the deal could only go ahead if Capital Gold was sold or Virgin's London FM licence was excluded from the deal. However,

6350-510: The Absolute Radio mobile and smart speaker applications. On Monday 23 January 2023, the transmitters for its AM service began to be switched off. Transmission of the closedown loop that carried information about Absolute Radio's other platforms stopped at 2:15   pm on Thursday 26 January 2023 from the station's last AM transmitter to be switched off, in Lisnagarvey, Northern Ireland (with

6477-587: The Blue Angel nightclub in Berkeley Square , London during the evenings. Frost was chosen by writer and producer Ned Sherrin to host the satirical programme That Was the Week That Was , or TW3 , after Frost's flatmate John Bird suggested Sherrin should see his act at The Blue Angel. The series, which ran for less than 18 months during 1962–63, was part of the satire boom in early 1960s Britain and became

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6604-524: The Eureka 147 standard and so a new ' DAB+ ' standard has been introduced. The DRM standard has been used for several years to broadcast digitally on frequencies below 30 MHz (shortwave, mediumwave and longwave). Also there is now the extended standard DRM+, which is designed for VHF bands. Tests of DRM+ has been made in countries such as in Brazil, Germany, France, India, Sri Lanka, the UK, Slovakia, Italy (incl.

6731-486: The FCC approved voluntary all-digital AM operation nationwide. Digital radio is now being provided to the developing world. A satellite communications company named WorldSpace was setting up a network of three satellites, including "AfriStar", "AsiaStar", and "AmeriStar", to provide digital audio information services to Africa , Asia , and Latin America . AfriStar and AsiaStar are in orbit. AmeriStar cannot be launched from

6858-463: The Golden Square studios took place in April 2024. Virgin Radio launched aiming at a target group of 24- to 44-year-olds and with a focus on album music, arguing that "singles chart shows on Radio 1 and local commercial radio were outdated because albums outsold singles by three to one." It would provide a blend of recent album tracks and chart music from the past 25 years and aim to fill the "hole in

6985-415: The London studios. Skinner was also programme director, a role he shared with John Revell. John Pearson was launch sales director, a role he had previously held at LBC . Andy Mollett was launch finance director. David Campbell, previously managing director of one of Virgin's post-production television companies, was the chief executive at launch. From before its launch on AM, Virgin Radio was campaigning for

7112-456: The One Golden Square blog, Clive Dickens, chief operating officer, noted that the station would be "sticking with real music – not manufactured rubbish – and we're building on the amount of live music we do – we're just going to discover more of all of it." The music policy continues to focus on guitar-based rock, mostly British. In a blog post in February 2009, Head of Music James Curran noted that

7239-551: The US has a limited listening distance from the broadcast tower site. FCC regulations currently limit the power of the digital part of the station's transmission to 10% of the existing analog power permitted the station. Even at this power level, the presence of the digital signal right next to the station's analog signal can result in older radios picking up noise due to trouble rejecting the adjacent digital signal. "There are still some concerns that HD Radio on FM will increase interference between different stations even though HD Radio at

7366-515: The Vatican), as well as Sweden. DRM+ is regarded as a more transparent and less costly standard than DAB+ and thus a better choice for local radio ; commercial or community broadcasters. Although DAB+ has been introduced in Australia the government concluded in 2011 that a preference for DRM and DRM+ above HD Radio could be used to supplement DAB+ services in (some) local and regional areas. To date

7493-525: The Week That Was . An American version of TW3 ran after the original British series had ended. Following a pilot episode on 10 November 1963, the 30-minute US series, also featuring Frost, ran on NBC from 10 January 1964 to May 1965. In 1985, Frost produced and hosted a television special in the same format, That Was the Year That Was , on NBC. Frost fronted various programmes following the success of TW3 , including its immediate successor, Not So Much

7620-511: The West Midlands. In March 2021, Ofcom approved Bauer's application for permission to alter the FM licence held by the London FM relay of Absolute Radio, enabling the frequency to be used to provide a London variant of Greatest Hits Radio. Absolute Radio continued to be available by way of its national AM and digital transmissions. The change took place on 17 May. At midnight on 20 January 2023,

7747-477: The above case) "93.3-2", "93.3-3", and so on. The frequencies that are used do not change as more channels are added to the one radio station (93.3 MHz in the example above). Instead, a fixed total amount of bandwidth is simply reallocated across the audio streams such that each now receives less bandwidth, and therefore lower audio quality, than before. There is no federally mandated transition to HD Radio for both FM and AM stations. However, on October 27, 2020,

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7874-623: The added value." The management team therefore set itself on a strategy to sell the business three years ahead of schedule. It hired Goldman Sachs to run the sale process, and considered a public flotation, before selling to the Scottish Media Group for £225 million in March 2000. The Scottish Media Group, which owned Scottish Television and the Herald newspaper, fought off other bidders including Clear Channel , NRJ and Guardian Media Group . Evans personally made £75 million out of

8001-415: The analog audio signal is digitized , compressed using an audio coding format such as AAC+ ( MDCT ) or MP2 , and transmitted using a digital modulation scheme. The aim is to increase the number of radio programs in a given spectrum, to improve the audio quality, to eliminate fading problems in mobile environments, to allow additional datacasting services, and to decrease the transmission power or

8128-725: The applicant met criteria set down in the Broadcasting Act. The second national licence, INR2, would take over the 1197 kHz and 1215 kHz medium wave (AM) frequencies, which were to be relinquished by BBC Radio 3 . The licence was advertised in October 1991 and five organisations bid: the Independent National Broadcasting Company of Sheffield, which bid £4,010,000 per year; a TV-am / Virgin consortium (£1,883,000); Chiltern Radio Network 's 20/20 Radio (£1,311,000); Radio Clyde 's Score Radio (£701,000); and

8255-473: The benefits of digital broadcasting to the radio spectrum currently used for terrestrial AM radio broadcasts, including international shortwave transmissions. Over seventy broadcasters are now transmitting programs using the new standard, known as Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM), and / commercial DRM receivers are available (though there are few models on the DRM website and some are discontinued). DRM's system uses

8382-518: The big cities. Portugal and Finland abandoned DAB. Finland is requesting the EU to mandate that automakers support FM similarly to DAB. Japan has started terrestrial sound broadcasting using ISDB-Tsb and MobaHO! 2.6 GHz Satellite Sound digital broadcasting In the United Kingdom , 44.3% of the population now has a DAB digital radio set and 34.4% of listening is to different digital platforms. Because of

8509-561: The changes made by the Independent Television Commission in 1991. After transferring from ITV, his Sunday morning interview programme Breakfast with Frost ran on the BBC from January 1993 until 29 May 2005. For a time it ran on BSB before moving to BBC 1 . Frost hosted Through the Keyhole , which ran on several UK channels from 1987 until 2008 and also featured Loyd Grossman . Produced by his own production company,

8636-565: The comedy prize at the Montreux Golden Rose festival." Frost was the only person to have interviewed all eight British prime ministers serving between 1964 and 2016 ( Harold Wilson , Edward Heath , James Callaghan , Margaret Thatcher , John Major , Tony Blair , Gordon Brown , and David Cameron ) and all seven U.S. presidents in office between 1969 and 2009 (Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford , Jimmy Carter , Ronald Reagan , George H. W. Bush , Bill Clinton , and George W. Bush ). He

8763-424: The course of 2000. The satellites were built by Space Systems/Loral and were launched by Russian Proton boosters. As with XM Satellite Radio, Sirius implemented a series of terrestrial ground repeaters where satellite signal would otherwise be blocked by large structures including natural structures and high-rise buildings. XM Satellite Radio has a constellation of three satellites, two of which were launched in

8890-612: The culmination of "Someone's Going to Be a Millionaire". The management team at the Ginger Media Group were considering expansion opportunities, including a plan to acquire the Daily Star newspaper from United News & Media , and hire Piers Morgan to edit it. Their plans were stalled, however, when the shareholders got cold feet. Evans wrote in his autobiography that "the management wanted to stick to our original brief of expansion, whereas our investors only cared about extracting

9017-505: The delay in approval of the Capital acquisition would ultimately lead to the deal not going through. In January 1997, Chris Evans left his role as presenter of the Radio 1 Breakfast Show as a result of a disagreement between him and the programme controller Matthew Bannister (Evans had asked for Fridays off to allow more time for him to work on his Channel 4 television show, TFI Friday ). Evans

9144-571: The drive time presenter. In the end, Virgin Radio hired Evans to present the breakfast show, replacing the incumbent Russ 'n' Jono show (presented by Russ Williams and Jonathan Coleman ). His show started on 13 October 1997, the same day that Zoë Ball started as Evans' replacement on Radio 1. The initial contract would only be for ten weeks, until the MMC announced its decision on the Capital Radio takeover. Evans approached David Campbell to discuss buying

9271-564: The early success of the old DAB standard, the transition to the more efficient DAB+ takes more time. If DAB was switched off, older receivers would become worthless. In 2020, about half of the stations in the UK use DAB+. 26 million people, or 39.6% of the population of 65.64 million, now tune into digital radio each week, up 2.6 million year on year, according to RAJAR in Q1 2013. But FM listening has increased to 61% and DAB decreased to 21% DAB listeners may also use AM & FM too. The UK currently has

9398-768: The first stations in the country being CFRM-FM in Little Current , CING-FM in Hamilton , and CJSA-FM in Toronto (with a fourth, CFMS-FM in the Toronto suburb of Markham applying to operate HD Radio technology), all within the province of Ontario. In 2020, DAB+ signals cover more than 90% of Germany. A national multiplex contains three public stations by Deutschlandfunk and 12 commercial stations. In most areas, additional multiplexes with public broadcasters and regional commercial stations are available. The first DAB station network

9525-532: The first time in an edition of Anglia Television 's Town And Gown , performing several comic characters. "The first time I stepped into a television studio", he once remembered, "it felt like home. It didn't scare me. Talking to the camera seemed the most natural thing in the world." According to some accounts, Frost was the victim of snobbery from the group with which he associated at Cambridge, which has been confirmed by Barry Humphries . Christopher Booker , while asserting that Frost's one defining characteristic

9652-621: The following standards have been defined for one-way digital radio: See also software radio for a discussion of radios which use digital signal processing . Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), also known as Eureka 147, has been adopted by around 20 countries worldwide. It is based on the MPEG-1 Audio Layer II audio coding format and this has been co-ordinated by the WorldDMB . WorldDMB announced in November 2006 that DAB would be adopting

9779-472: The late 1960s Frost began an intermittent involvement in the film industry. Setting up David Paradine Ltd in 1966, he part-financed The Rise and Rise of Michael Rimmer (1970), in which the lead character was based partly on Frost, and gained an executive producer credit. In 1976, Frost was the executive producer of the British musical film The Slipper and the Rose , retelling the story of Cinderella . Frost

9906-436: The middle" between BBC Radio 1 and local commercial radio, which were specifically aimed at young audiences, and "gold" stations offering classic hits. A year after launch, David Campbell was quoted as saying that "the music policy was wrong, even though Virgin had lots of research to suggest it was doing what listeners said they wanted. We did something we should never do: pursue critical acclaim, playing obscure tracks, gaining

10033-1064: The network include Danny Baker , Robin Banks , Kelly-Anne Smith , Vicki Butler-Henderson , Robin Burke. Martin Collins , Gary Davies , Daryl Denham , Chris Evans (who also owned the station), Ben Jones , Neil Francis , Alan Freeman , Tony Hadley (from Spandau Ballet ), Nicky Horne , Janey Lee Grace , Kevin Greening , Simon James and Hill, Gary King , Jason King , Phil Kennedy , Jeremy Kyle , Allan Lake , Iain Lee , Geoff Lloyd , Tim Lovejoy , James Merritt , Pete Mitchell , Al Murray , Christian O'Connell , John Osborne , Lynn Parsons , Steve Penk , Annabel Port , Vic Reeves , Joel Ross , Jo Russell , Holly Samos , Harriet Scott , Tim Shaw , Graeme Smith , Suggs , David Tennant , Clive Warren , Ray Cokes , Dave Gorman , Pete Donaldson and Frank Skinner . From

10160-449: The new FM licences advertised in London as a result. Virgin Radio launched on 105.8 MHz FM in London on 10 April 1995 beginning with a message from broadcaster David Frost at 6 am followed by the Russ 'n' Jono breakfast show . Part of the licence requirements for the London service meant that a daily London opt-out was broadcast on FM, presented initially by Rowland Rivron . Within

10287-557: The number of transmitters required to cover a region. However, analog radio (AM and FM) is still more popular and listening to radio over IP ( Internet Protocol ) is growing in popularity. In 2012 four digital wireless radio systems are recognized by the International Telecommunication Union : the two European systems Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) and Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM), the Japanese ISDB-T and

10414-459: The praise of the music press." The station's approach had been to mix in more familiar music. Fru Hazlitt, when interviewed for The Guardian in September 2006, described the type of music the station championed: "It's pretty much mainstream rock festival-type music. Razorlight , Keane . These bands are becoming some of the biggest in the world." When announcing the rebrand as Absolute Radio on

10541-538: The president does it, that means that it is not illegal", by definition. Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution , Frost was the last person to interview Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , the deposed Shah of Iran. The interview took place on Contadora Island in Panama in January 1980, and was broadcast by the American Broadcasting Company in the U.S. on 17 January. The Shah talks about his wealth, his illness,

10668-493: The programme was first shown in prime time and on daytime television in its later years. Frost worked for Al Jazeera English , presenting a live weekly hour-long current affairs programme, Frost Over The World , which started when the network launched in November 2006. The programme regularly made headlines with interviewees such as Tony Blair , President Omar al-Bashir of Sudan, Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan and President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua. The programme

10795-451: The programme, thus preventing overruns. Frost took to reading synopses of the episodes at the end of the programme as a means of sabotage. After the BBC's Director General Hugh Greene instructed that the repeats should be abandoned, TW3 returned to being open-ended. More sombrely, on 23 November 1963, a tribute to the assassinated President John F. Kennedy , an event which had occurred the previous day, formed an entire edition of That Was

10922-445: The radio station and, with Michael Foster's help, they put together a deal to buy it with venture capital supplied by Apax Partners and Paribas , with Virgin Group retaining a 20% stake in the business. The deal was announced on 8 December 1997, and would see the formation of the Ginger Media Group, an umbrella company overseeing Virgin Radio and producing programmes such as TFI Friday. Evans' ownership of Virgin Radio started well, with

11049-591: The radio-themed songs, even fulfilling requests. The station closed on AM at midnight on Friday 20 January 2023, with " Absolute Beginners " by David Bowie being the last ever song being broadcast on its AM frequencies. Ten minutes before going off air, the station played a tribute to their former AM frequencies, introduced by Jay Lawrence (the presenter of the last normal show that had just been on), and starting with clips from BBC Light Programme (up to 1967), BBC Radio 1 (1967-1978) and BBC Radio 3 (1978-1992), through its life as Virgin 1215 (1993-2008) and ending with

11176-505: The relaunch as Absolute Radio (late 2008) and the aforementioned song. The last words the announcers said were, "...and to 1215 AM: Thanks. You were brilliant." [1] During this split link, the digital version of Absolute Radio ran an Elton John-related segment. From midnight on Friday 20 January 2023, a closedown loop (read by Leona Graham as the station voice) carried information advising listeners stating that Absolute Radio "is no longer available on AM" and redirecting listeners to DAB , and

11303-431: The sale. Evans was subsequently fired by his new employer in 2001 for failing to report into work for five consecutive days while reportedly partying with his then wife Billie Piper . Chief executive John Pearson, who had been with the station since before launch, resigned in April 2005, and was replaced by Fru Hazlitt, who had previously been managing director of Yahoo! UK and Ireland. On 13 June 2006, SMG plc signed

11430-555: The second generation ( 2G ) cell-phones and later, short-range communication such as digital cordless phones , wireless computer networks , digital micro-wave radio links, deep space communication systems such as communications to and from the two Voyager space probes , etc. Digital audio radio service standards may provide terrestrial or satellite radio service. Digital radio broadcasting systems are typically designed for handheld mobile devices, like mobile-TV systems and unlike other digital TV systems which typically require

11557-451: The spring of 2001, with one following later in 2005. The satellites are Boeing 702 comsats, and were put into orbit by Sea Launch boosters. Back-up ground transmitters ( repeaters ) will be built in cities where satellite signals could be blocked by big buildings. On February 19, 2007, Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite Radio merged, to form Sirius XM Radio . The FCC has auctioned bandwidth allocations for satellite broadcast in

11684-780: The station stopped broadcasting on AM. Ofcom issued Bauer Radio a £25,000 fine and revoked the medium wave licence on 13 February 2023. On 12 December 2023, Absolute Radio was removed from Freesat TV platform, followed by Sky and Virgin Media TV platforms on 13 December, along with every other radio station owned by Bauer Media on either of the three TV platforms, including Absolute Radio 80s , Absolute Radio 90s , Absolute Radio Classic Rock , Hits Radio , Greatest Hits Radio , Kiss , Magic , Jazz FM and Planet Rock . In 2022, Bauer said it would vacate One Golden Square and move to The Lantern, 75 Hampstead Road in Euston. The last broadcasts from

11811-445: The station. On 1 September 2008 it was announced that Virgin Radio would be rebranded as Absolute Radio on 28 September. At the same time, changes to the line-up were made known with JK and Joel , Robin Burke, Tony Hadley and John Osborne leaving the station and Allan Lake , Joanna Russell (of Trent FM 's Jo & Twiggy) and Tim Shaw joining, though Osborne would return shortly after. The last song to be played on Virgin Radio

11938-493: The status of the terrestrial digital radio broadcasting effort in North America . While traditional terrestrial radio broadcasters are trying to "go digital", most major US automobile manufacturers are promoting digital satellite radio . HD Radio technology has also made inroads in the automotive sector with factory-installed options announced by BMW, Ford, Hyundai, Jaguar, Lincoln, Mercedes, MINI, and Volvo. Satellite radio

12065-489: The various stations without advert breaks and with the ability to skip a song. The service also offers five exclusive stations: Absolute Radio Acoustic, Absolute Radio Classic Country, Andy Bush's Indie Disco 24/7, Through the Decades and Haven't Heard It for Ages. Virgin Radio's original line-up included Russ Williams , Richard Skinner , Mitch Johnson, Tommy Vance , Jonathan Coleman and Nick Abbot . Other past presenters on

12192-570: The very last words being "thanks for listening to Absolute Radio-") [2] but the loop remained playing on the satellite feed to the AM transmitters for many months afterwards, until that was finally removed. In the summer of 1993, Virgin Radio began broadcasting in stereo on the Astra 1A satellite on an audio sub-carrier of the Sky News channel. This service ceased on 1 July 2001 in anticipation of Sky's cessation of its analogue satellite service. Virgin Radio

12319-750: The weekly programme The Frost Interview from 2012. He received the BAFTA Fellowship from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2005 and the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Emmy Awards in 2009. Frost died on 31 August 2013, aged 74, on board the cruise ship MS  Queen Elizabeth , where he had been engaged as a speaker. His memorial stone was unveiled in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey in March 2014. David Paradine Frost

12446-616: The world's biggest digital radio network, with about 500 transmitters, two nationwide DAB ensembles and 48 local and regional DAB ensembles, broadcasting over 250 commercial and 34 BBC radio stations ; about 100 stations can be received in London . On DAB digital radio most listeners can receive around 30 additional stations. Digital radio stations are also distributed on digital television platforms such as Sky, Virgin Media and Freeview, as well as internet radio . The Government will make

12573-739: Was " American Pie " by Don McLean and the first to be played on Absolute Radio was " A Day in the Life " by The Beatles . Listening figures for the final quarter of 2008 showed that almost 20% of former Virgin Radio listeners had been lost since the rebranding to Absolute Radio. The Virgin Radio brand relaunched via DAB and online on 30 March 2016, following a new partnership with Wireless Group and approval of its digital terrestrial commercial radio licence by Ofcom in March 2015. On 29 July 2013, Bauer Media Group announced it intended to purchase Absolute from The Times Group for an amount believed to be between £20m and £25m, pending regulatory approval. The deal

12700-575: Was "considered too high-brow for the show's low-brow format." Frost was one of the "Famous Five" who launched TV-am in February 1983; however, like LWT in the late 1960s, the station began with an unsustainable "highbrow" approach. Frost remained a presenter after restructuring. Frost on Sunday began in September 1983 and continued until the station lost its franchise at the end of 1992. Frost had been part of an unsuccessful consortium, CPV-TV , with Richard Branson and other interests, which had attempted to acquire three ITV contractor franchises prior to

12827-610: Was a lay preacher, following his witnessing of an event presided over by Christian evangelist Billy Graham . Frost studied at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge , from 1958, graduating with a Third in English. He was editor of both the university's student paper, Varsity , and the literary magazine Granta . He was also secretary of the Footlights Drama Society, which included actors such as Peter Cook and John Bird . During this period Frost appeared on television for

12954-680: Was a patron and former vice-president of the Motor Neurone Disease Association charity, as well as being a patron of the Alzheimer's Research Trust , Hearing Star Benevolent Fund, East Anglia 's Children's Hospices, the Home Farm Trust and the Elton John AIDS Foundation . He was also recognised for his contributions to the women's charity "Wellbeing for Women". After having been in television for 40 years, Frost

13081-585: Was also hired to present a Saturday morning show, following his success at BBC GLR in the weekend mid-morning slot. The show, The Big Red Mug Show , was sponsored by Nescafé . The first song played was INXS ' cover version of the Steppenwolf song " Born to be Wild ". Richard Branson was the first voice to be heard, live from the Virgin Megastore in Manchester, with Richard Skinner the first voice back in

13208-436: Was ambition, commented that he was impossible to dislike. According to satirist John Wells , Old Etonian actor Jonathan Cecil congratulated Frost around this time for "that wonderfully silly voice" he used while performing, but then discovered that it was Frost's real voice. After leaving university, Frost became a trainee at Associated-Rediffusion . Meanwhile, having already gained an agent, Frost performed in cabaret at

13335-509: Was announced that SMG plc was to sell Virgin Radio, to enable the company to focus on its television station, STV . On 30 May 2008 SMG sold Virgin Radio to TIML Golden Square Limited, a subsidiary of The Times Group for £53.2 million, with £15 million set aside for rebranding. TIML was given 90 days' grace in which to rebrand the station. As part of the deal, Absolute Radio International, operator of two FM licences in Oxford , would manage

13462-742: Was born in Tenterden , Kent , on 7 April 1939, the son of a Methodist minister of Huguenot descent, the Rev. Wilfred John Paradine Frost (1900–1967), and his wife, Maude Evelyn ("Mona"; 1903–1991), née Aldrich; he had two elder sisters. The name "Paradine" reflected Huguenot ancestry. While living in Gillingham , Kent, he was taught in the Bible class of the Sunday school at his father's church (Byron Road Methodist) by David Gilmore Harvey, and subsequently started training as

13589-600: Was chosen to host the satirical programme That Was the Week That Was in 1962. His success on this show led to work as a host on American television. He became known for his television interviews with senior political figures, among them the Nixon interviews with US president Richard Nixon in 1977 which were adapted into a stage play and film . Frost interviewed all eight British prime ministers serving from 1964 to 2016, from Alec Douglas-Home to David Cameron , and all eight American presidents in office from 1969 to 2008. Frost

13716-735: Was cleared by the Office of Fair Trading on 23 December. Subsequently, by September 2014, all other London-based Bauer stations moved from Mappin House to a refurbished One Golden Square , creating a new national radio hub. Bauer Radio announced in July 2015 that Absolute Radio would be taking up the 105.2 FM frequency in the West Midlands , previously held by Planet Rock . Absolute launched on 105.2 FM on 7 September 2015. The station ended transmission on that frequency on 16 December 2018, following Bauer's decision to broadcast Greatest Hits Radio on FM across

13843-518: Was created on band 5C as a single-frequency network on channel 5C (see [1] ). With the initial market success of DAB+ the contractors decided on an expansion of the digital radio station network in November 2012. On 1 December 2005 South Korea launched its T-DMB service which includes both television and radio stations. T-DMB is a derivative of DAB with specifications published by ETSI . More than 110,000 receivers had been sold in one month only in 2005. Hong Kong replaced DAB with DVB-T2 Lite. Norway

13970-578: Was deployed in Bavaria since 17 October 1995 until full coverage in 1999. Other states had funded a station network but the lack of success led them to scrap the funding - the MDR switched off in 1998 already and Brandenburg declared a failure in 2004. Instead Berlin/Brandenburg began to switch to digital radio based on an audio-only DVB-T mode given the success of the DVB-T standard in the region when earlier analogue television

14097-465: Was engaged to American actress Diahann Carroll ; in 1974, he was briefly engaged to American model Karen Graham ; between 1972 and 1977 he had a relationship with British socialite Caroline Cushing; in 1981, he married Lynne Frederick , widow of Peter Sellers , but they divorced the following year. He also had an 18-year intermittent affair with American actress Carol Lynley . On 19 March 1983, Frost married Lady Carina Fitzalan-Howard, daughter of

14224-531: Was featured on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation 's international affairs programme Foreign Correspondent in a report titled "The World According To Frost", reflecting on his long career and portrayal in the film Frost/Nixon . Frost had several relationships with high-profile women. In the mid-1960s, he dated British actress Janette Scott , between her marriages to songwriter Jackie Rae and singer Mel Tormé ; from 1970 to 1973, he

14351-485: Was interred in the church's graveyard. On 13 March 2014, a memorial service was held at Westminster Abbey , at which Frost was honoured with a memorial stone in Poets' Corner . British Prime Minister David Cameron paid tribute, saying: "He could be—and certainly was with me—both a friend and a fearsome interviewer." Michael Grade commented: "He was kind of a television renaissance man . He could put his hand to anything. He could turn over Richard Nixon or he could win

14478-402: Was keen to return to radio and it had been reported that his agent, Michael Foster, had approached Matthew Bannister to ask if Evans would be allowed to be return to Radio 1, and he had gone as far as commencing negotiations to buy Talk Radio. Richard Branson wanted Evans to work for Virgin Radio, so much so that he joined him on a Concorde flight to New York to try to persuade him to join as

14605-399: Was mandated to award three INR licences, one of which (INR1) had to be for a "non-pop" station (which was awarded to Classic FM ), and one of which had to be for a predominantly speech-based service (this would be advertised later as INR3 and awarded to Talk Radio ). The remaining licence was to be open to "all-comers". The licences were to be awarded to the highest cash bidder, providing that

14732-562: Was one of the first 20 radio stations which joined the Sky Digital service on 20 November 1999. Carried on Astra 2A , it launched on the channel 917 of the Sky EPG, and then could be found on Astra 2G as Absolute Radio on channel 0107 of SKY UK EPG. Then at the end of 2023 Absolute Radio and its sister channels were removed from Sky after their owner wanted to focus on a more digtal market. Digital radio In digital broadcasting systems,

14859-421: Was one of the people behind the launch of ITV station TV-am in 1983. He was the inaugural host of the US news magazine programme Inside Edition . He hosted the Sunday morning interview programme Breakfast with Frost for the BBC from 1993 to 2005, and spent two decades as host of Through the Keyhole . From 2006 to 2012, he hosted the weekly programme Frost Over the World on Al Jazeera English , and

14986-532: Was paid $ 600,000 plus a share of the profits for the interviews, which had to be funded by Frost himself after the U.S. television networks turned down the programme, describing it as " checkbook journalism ". Frost's company negotiated its own deals to syndicate the interviews with local stations across the U.S. and internationally, creating what Ron Howard described as "the first fourth network". Frost taped around 29 hours of interviews with Nixon over four weeks. Nixon, who had previously avoided discussing his role in

15113-409: Was presented as a stage production in London in 2006 and on Broadway in 2007. Frank Langella won a Leading Actor Tony Award for his portrayal of Nixon; the play also received nominations for Best Play and Best Direction. The play was adapted into a Hollywood motion picture entitled Frost/Nixon and starring Michael Sheen as Frost and Langella as Nixon, both reprising their stage roles. The film

15240-477: Was produced by the former Question Time editor and Independent on Sunday journalist Charlie Courtauld. Frost was one of the first to interview the man who authored the Fatwa on Terrorism , Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri . During his career as a broadcaster, Frost became one of Concorde 's most frequent fliers, having flown between London and New York an average of 20 times per year for 20 years. In 2007, Frost hosted

15367-428: Was released in 2008 and directed by Ron Howard . It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards , winning none: Best Motion Picture-Drama, Best Director-Drama, Best Actor-Drama (Langella), Best Screenplay, and Best Original Score. It was also nominated for five Academy Awards , again winning none: Best Picture, Best Actor (Langella), Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Film Editing. In February 2009, Frost

15494-797: Was switched off in August 2003 (being the first region to switch in Germany). During that time the DVB-H variant of the DVB family was released for transmission to mobile receivers in 2004. During 2005 most radio stations left the DAB network with only one public service broadcaster ensemble to remain in the now fully state-funded station network. At last the KEF ( commission to determine the financial needs of broadcasters ) blocked federal funding on 15. July 2009 until economic viability of DAB broadcasting would be proven - and pointing to DVB-T as

15621-518: Was the first country where analog FM radio was switched off in 2017 being replaced by nationwide DAB+ distribution. Local stations can continue broadcasting in FM. With DAB being available across Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark, Norway and Northern Italy there is good coverage across the European Backbone area (see countries using DAB/DMB ) indicating a sufficient momentum on the market. France, Spain, Sweden and Poland use DAB+ only in

15748-426: Was the subject of This Is Your Life in January 1972 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at London's Quaglino's restaurant. In 1968, he signed a contract worth £125,000 to appear on American television in his own show on three evenings each week, the largest such arrangement for a British television personality at the time. From 1969 to 1972, Frost kept his London shows and fronted The David Frost Show on

15875-401: Was unable to swim, but still jumped into the pool, and nearly drowned until he was saved by Peter Cook. At the memorial service for Cook in 1995, Alan Bennett recalled that rescuing Frost was the one regret Cook frequently expressed. For the first three editions of the second series in 1963, the BBC attempted to limit the team by scheduling repeats of The Third Man television series after

16002-589: Was used, in selected areas only, by the BBC Light Programme until 1967. It was then used nationally as the original home of BBC Radio 1 until 22 November 1978, then from 23 November 1978 until 28 February 1992 by BBC Radio 3. In 1992-1993, Virgin replaced the valve-based transmitters at the ex-BBC transmitter sites it acquired with solid-state transmitters. Virgin Radio 1215 AM then broadcast from 30 April 1993 to 28 September 2008, and Absolute Radio 1215 AM broadcast from 29 September 2008 to 19 January 2023. In

16129-578: Was working on a novel. Frost interviewed heavyweight boxer Muhammad Ali in 1974 at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania before " The Rumble in the Jungle " with George Foreman . Ali remarked, "Listen David, when I meet this man, if you think the world was surprised when Nixon resigned, wait till I whip Foreman's behind." In 1977, the Nixon interviews , which were five 90-minute interviews with former U.S. President Richard Nixon , were broadcast. Nixon

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