The Greater Caucasus is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains . It stretches for about 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from west-northwest to east-southeast, from the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea : from the Western Caucasus in the vicinity of Sochi on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea and reaching nearly to Baku on the Caspian.
12-776: The Abrau Peninsula is a north-western spur of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range , located on the Black Sea between Novorossiysk and Anapa , in the Krasnodar Region of Russia. It contains the Utrish State Nature Reserve . The Abrau Peninsula is the only place in Russia that harbours a Mediterranean vegetation . The climate of the Abrau Peninsula is sub-Mediterranean with cool rainy winters without
24-440: A combination of mesophitic and xerophytic forests and a predominance of two oak species ( Q. pubescens , Q. petraea ), oriental hornbeam and junipers; (3) low mountains with mesophitic deciduous forests with a domination of oak ( Q. petraea ), hornbeam ( Carpinus caucasica ), lime ( Tilia begoniifolia ), maple ( Acer laetum ), ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ) and beech ( Fagus orientalis ). Greater Caucasus The range
36-517: A stable snow cover and with hot dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 500 mm, the mean July and February temperatures are 23.7°C and 2.7°C, respectively. The area vegetation consists of three major belts: (1) coastal slopes with sub-Mediterranean xerophytic forests and shrublands with pistachio ( Pistacia mutica ), juniper ( Juniperus excelsa , J. oxycedrus , J. foetidissima ), oak ( Quercus pubescens ) and oriental hornbeam ( Carpinus orientalis ); (2) piedmont and low-mountain area with
48-538: Is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan . It is located in the northeast of the country and belongs to the Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region . The district borders the districts of Qusar , Quba , Shabran , and the Russian Republic of Dagestan . Its capital and largest city is Khachmaz . As of 2020, the district had a population of 179,800. Khachmaz is one of the border districts of Azerbaijan in
60-631: Is rich with monuments of history, culture and architecture. Some of the most significant are Sarkartapa, the ancient city-fortress Khudat, a 4th-century Albanian church, the 16th-century mosque-madrasa of Shah Abbas of the 15th-16th century in Garaqurtlu, a village in Khachmaz, ancient settlements and the barrows of the Bronze Age, the famous “Iron gate” of Derbent fortress becoming a symbol of its inaccessibility. The fortifications “Baba-al-Abvat” were constructed in
72-453: Is traditionally separated into three parts: In the wetter Western Caucasus, the mountains are heavily forested ( deciduous forest up to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft), coniferous forest up to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) and alpine meadows above the tree line ). In the drier Eastern Caucasus, the mountains are mostly treeless. The watershed of the Caucasus is also considered by some to be
84-693: The boundary between Eastern Europe and Western Asia . The European part to the north of the watershed is known as Ciscaucasia ; the Asiatic part to the south as Transcaucasia , which is dominated by the Lesser Caucasus mountain range and whose western portion converges with Eastern Anatolia . Most of the border of Russia with Georgia and Azerbaijan runs along most of the Caucasus' length. The Georgian Military Road ( Darial Gorge ) and Trans-Caucasus Highway traverse this mountain range at altitudes of up to 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). The watershed of
96-806: The Caucasus was the border between the Caucasia province of the Russian Empire in the north and the Ottoman Empire and Persia in the south (1801) until the Russian victory in 1813 and the Treaty of Gulistan which moved the border of the Russian Empire well within Transcaucasia. The border between Georgia and Russia still follows the watershed almost exactly (except for Georgia's western border, which extends south of
108-727: The State Statistical Committee of the country, in 2000, the total number of population of the region was 145,6. In 2018, this figure increased by about 30,000. There are 123 secondary schools, 25 preschools, 2 out-of-school institutions, one vocational high school and one vocational school in the region. The climate is generally moderate to warm, humid temperate and subtropical, and Khachmaz sees an average yearly precipitation of 1300–1350 mm and average temperatures of 25-30 °C in July and 1-2 °C in January. The Khachmaz region
120-503: The east. The southern border greets Shabran and the region stretches north to Russia. Khachmaz city is located toward the bottom third of the region. It is about 10 km from the Caspian Sea and the border to Shabran. About half that distance to the Quba border to Khachmaz's west. It is a substantially greater distance to the northern border. Ethnic groups in Khachmaz (2009) According to
132-479: The north of the republic. The district was established on August 8, 1930, as an administrative territory. It was a town-type settlement during 1936–1937. In 1963, the Khachmaz region was abolished and its territory included to Guba and Gusar districts. In 1995 the district was restored. Being the most northeastern region of Azerbaijan, Khachmaz is between the Caucasus Mountains and borders Caspian Sea to
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#1732890791537144-569: The watershed, and a narrow strip of territory in northwestern Kakheti and northern Mtskheta-Mtianeti where Georgia extends north of the watershed), while Azerbaijan is south of the watershed except that its northeastern corner has five districts north of the watershed ( Khachmaz , Quba , Qusar , Shabran , and Siazan ). Download coordinates as: Khachmaz District 41°28′N 48°48′E / 41.467°N 48.800°E / 41.467; 48.800 Khachmaz District ( Azerbaijani : Xaçmaz rayonu ; Lezgian : Хъачмаз район )
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