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47-472: Originally owned by the author Sergei Aksakov , other writers and artists — such as Nikolai Gogol — at first came there as his guests. Under Aksakov, visitors to the estate discussed ways of ridding Russian art of Western influences to revive a purely national style. In 1870, eleven years after Aksakov's death, it was purchased by Savva Mamontov , a wealthy industrialist and patron of the arts. Under Mamontov, Russian themes and folk art flourished there. During

94-501: A municipal division , the city of republic significance of Ufa is incorporated as Ufa Urban Okrug . Ufa is divided into seven administrative districts. According to Forbes , in 2013, Ufa was the best city in Russia for business among cities with a population of over one million. Many urban enterprises engaged in oil refining, chemistry, and mechanical engineering reside in Ufa. Additionally,

141-651: A childhood spent in a Russian patriarchal family "brought Aksakov recognition as a literary artist of the first rank." Aksakov's semi-autobiographical narratives are unmatched for their scrupulous and detailed description of the everyday life of the Russian nobility. Among Aksakov's other works are The History of My Acquaintance with Gogol ( Istoriya moego znakomstva s Gogolem , published 1890 [written in 1830s and 1840s]); Memoirs ( Vospominaniya , 1856, translated as A Russian Schoolboy ), and Collecting Butterflies ( Sobiranie babochek , 1858). His fairy tale The Scarlet Flower

188-530: A hypothesis according to which before the construction of the foundational Russian fortress in 1574, which has since grown to become the current city of Ufa, there had already been an ancient settlement called Ufa on a hilltop near the mouth of the Ufa River. According to them, this settlement was founded by Turkic-speaking tribes to perform rituals and sacrifices to the sky god Tengri, and they called this place Upe or Ufe because, they argue, in ancient Turkic languages

235-537: A place of ritual sacrifice used to be called an "opo" or an "ope." They further hypothesize that the inhabitants of the settlement themselves also came to be called the Upe or Ufe tribe and subsequently, the river along which they flourished and expanded their settlement towards its source also came to be called Ufa. Karimov and Khabibov claim that the Russian fortress builders were probably aware of this ancient name and consequently named their new settlement Ufa. Early history of

282-650: A plain but picturesque church, with murals painted by Polenov, Vasnetsov and his brother, a gilded iconostasis by Ilya Repin and Mikhail Nesterov , and folklore-inspired sculptures by Viktor Hartmann and Mark Antokolsky . Towards the turn of the 20th century, drama and opera on Russian folklore themes (e.g., Rimsky-Korsakov 's The Snow Maiden ) were produced in Abramtsevo by the likes of Konstantin Stanislavsky , with sets contributed by Vasnetsov, Mikhail Vrubel , and other distinguished artists. On August 12, 1977, by

329-509: A stronghold of pure Russianism in Moscow society, became the temple of the cult of Gogol, and Aksakov its high priest." It was Gogol who revealed to Aksakov the possibility of creating literature based directly on life, without forcing it into the mold of classical forms. In 1834 Aksakov published his first realistic story, "A Blizzard." Around 1840, encouraged by Gogol, he began writing the book that would make him famous, A Family Chronicle . While he

376-707: Is considered to be of Tatar origin in Poland (the word «oksak» means «lame» in Turkic languages ). All this led some researches to believe that the Aksakov family also originated from Tatars, despite having no relation to the Polish noble house. Sergey was born in Ufa and brought up there and in the family estate at Novo-Aksakovka in Orenburg guberniya , where he acquired a lifelong love of nature. He

423-458: Is no Continuous Emission Control System (CEMS) in the city. There are no street vacuum cleaners, road vacuum sweepers, or industrial (street) vacuum cleaners on the streets. Unfortunately, there is a complete lack of sanitation services in the city. According to the letter of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet) No. 20-18 / 218 of 11.07.18: "In

470-515: Is the largest city in and the capital of Bashkortostan , Russia . The city lies at the confluence of the Belaya and Ufa rivers, in the centre-north of Bashkortostan, on hills forming the Ufa Plateau to the west of the southern Ural Mountains , with a population of over 1.1 million residents, up to 1.4 million residents in the urban agglomeration. Ufa is the tenth-most populous city in Russia, and

517-525: The 26th among cities in Europe by city proper. As of January 1, 2009, the city accounted for 25.4% of all residents of the republic or 42.2% of the urban population. As of the 2021 Census , the ethnic composition of Ufa was: Religion in Ufa (2024) Ufa is situated in Eastern Europe near its land boundary with Northern Asia, at the confluence of the Belaya (Agidel) and Ufa Rivers , on low hills forming

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564-611: The BRICS group as well as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in 2015. The name Ufa comes from the Ufa River on which the city lies, but the origin of the river's name is disputed. The Russian linguist Aleksandr Matveyev proposes that the name is of Iranian origin, from "ap", meaning water. In a paper published in 2014, researchers Karimov and Khabibov from Bashkir State Pedagogical University present and argue for

611-668: The Lovers of the Russian Word . He resigned from the civil service in 1811 and moved to Moscow , where he was active as an amateur in literary and theatrical life and published his first verse anonymously in 1812. Aksakov enlisted in the militia and took part in the Campaign of 1812 ; afterwards he settled for the quiet life of a sporting country squire at his estate of Aksakovo in Orenburg guberniya, where he stayed from 1816 until 1826, after which he

658-456: The Ufa Plateau to the west of the southern Urals . The area of the city is 707.93 km (273.33 sq mi). It stretches from north to south for 53.5 km (33.2 mi) and from west to east for 29.8 km (18.5 mi). Ufa has a warm summer continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ). Ufa's climate is characterized by harsh winters, but in some cases, summers can be quite long and hot. The coldest temperature ever recorded in Ufa

705-429: The administrative center of Ufimsky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative center, it is, together with twenty-four rural localities , incorporated separately as the city of republic significance of Ufa, an administrative unit with status equal to that of the districts , and is likewise home to a unit of Russia's Central Military District ; the 12th Separate Guards Engineer Brigade. As

752-554: The 1870s and 1880s, Abramtsevo hosted a colony of artists who sought to recapture the quality and spirit of medieval Russian art in a manner parallel to the Arts and Crafts movement in Great Britain . Several workshops were set up there to produce handmade furniture, ceramic tiles, and silks imbued with traditional Russian imagery and themes. Working together in a cooperative spirit, the artists Vasily Polenov and Viktor Vasnetsov designed

799-553: The Bashkirs. By order of Ivan the Terrible a fortress was built on the site of modern Ufa in 1574, and originally bore the name of the hill it stood on, Tura-Tau . 1574 is now considered to be the official date of Ufa's foundation. Town status was granted to it in 1586. Before becoming the seat of a separate Ufa Governorate in 1781, the city, along with the rest of the Bashkir lands,

846-487: The Ufa branch of the Russian State Economic University. Plekhanov, where there are practically no check digits for admissions to the budget. They are housed in good-quality buildings, but they do not benefit from them to society, more and more often, rumors are circulating about them that they are designed for siphoning money – since there are practically no budget places for economic specialties in Ufa. In

893-519: The artists at the Abramtsevo Colony. They can also visit many of the buildings to see works produced by the artists at the colony, e.g., a wooden bathhouse in the shape of a traditional dwelling of Ancient Rus , designed by Ivan Ropet , and the House on Chicken Legs, a fairy-tale abode of an evil witch, Baba Yaga , designed by Vasnetsov. One building, the main "manor," is said to have been the model for

940-491: The city to Kazan and Moscow and the M5 motorway links Ufa to Moscow and to the Asian part of Russia. The Ufa International Airport has international flights to Turkey , Tajikistan , Egypt , Azerbaijan , Uzbekistan , and Cyprus as well as domestic flights to many Russian cities and towns, including Moscow . The Ufa Metro is a planned and oft-delayed subway system, discussed since

987-668: The city to the European part of the Russian Empire and stimulated the development of the city's light industry. During World War II , following eastward Soviet retreat in 1941, the Abwehr operated in Ufa, 1941–1943, some German infiltration, occurred 1914–1943 in espionage, many industrial enterprises of the western parts of the Soviet Union were evacuated to Ufa. On June 4th 1989 the Ufa train disaster would occur about 75 kilometers away from

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1034-435: The city when a pipeline leak made a cloud of gas near the tracks and when 2 trains approached the sparks from the breaks of one train ignited the gas causing a massive explosion which killed 575 people. During 9–10 July 2015, Ufa hosted summits of the BRICS group and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation . Ufa is the capital of the republic and, within the framework of the administrative divisions , it also serves as

1081-616: The decree of the Council of Ministers of Soviet Russia , the Abramtsevo Museum-Estate was transformed into the State Historical, Artistic and Literary Museum-Reserve Abramtsevo. In 1995, it was classified as cultural heritage monument of federal significance . Abramtsevo is now open to the public and tourists can wander along the many paths through the surrounding forest and cross the wooden bridges that served as an inspiration for

1128-403: The economic specialties of the magistracy, the plan for admission to Ufa universities is no more than 30 budget places. Periodically, a suffocating, unpleasant chemical odor can be smelled in the Ufa region. The media reports about the smell come out with an impressive regularity. Not all these reports are groundless, and the culprits are getting out of responsibility due to the fact that there

1175-467: The economy of Ufa is composed of many fuel, energy, and engineering complexes. Ufa is home to about 200 large and medium industrial enterprises. Some important enterprises in Ufa include: Ufa Station is linked to the rest of Russia, being on a historic branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway . Ufa is the only city connected to Moscow by more than one federal highway . The M7 motorway links

1222-519: The estate in which Anton Chekhov set The Cherry Orchard . Sergei Aksakov Sergey Timofeyevich Aksakov ( Russian : Серге́й Тимофе́евич Акса́ков , Russian pronunciation: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej tʲɪmɐˈfʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ɐˈksakəf] ) (1 October [ O.S. 20 September] 1791—12 May [ O.S. 30 April] 1859) was a 19th-century Russian literary figure remembered for his semi-autobiographical tales of family life, as well as his books on hunting and fishing. A crater on

1269-695: The field of atmospheric air protection, under the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment of the Republic Bashkortostan operates the State Bank of the Republic of Belarus "Office of State Analytical Control," to whose tasks, including GSI "organization of periodic environmental monitoring mobile laboratories in the areas where the population lives in the republic and in the zones of protective measures in

1316-509: The fourth-most populous city in the Volga Federal District . The city was founded in 1574, when a fortress was built on the site by the order of Ivan the Terrible . Ufa was made capital of Ufa Governorate in 1865 when the governorate split from Orenburg Governorate . Ufa's population expanded during the early 20th century. Today, Ufa's economy consists primarily of the oil refining, chemistry, and mechanical engineering industries;

1363-501: The framework of solving problems at the federal level in the implementation of the state monitoring of atmospheric air, the territorial office of Roshydromet – FGBU Bashkir UGMS monitors pollution of atmospheric air in Ufa at nine stationary posts of the state observation network located in different parts of the city to estimate the level of air pollution generated by the total release and stationary and mobile sources of pollutants. Suspended substances (dust) are measured at all nine posts of

1410-414: The late 1980s. On May 30, 1996, there was a ceremony marking the beginning of preparatory construction work, attended by then-President Boris Yeltsin. Public transportation in Ufa includes trams (since 1937) and trolleybuses (since 1962), as well as bus and marshrutka (routed cabs) lines. The population of Ufa exceeded one million in 1980. It ranks 10th among Russian cities by population, and

1457-660: The most successful speedway clubs in the country. They won the Soviet Union Championship eleven times from 1962 to 1988 but disbanded in 1998. They raced at the Trud Stadium (Ufa) , which was demolished in 2005, making way for the Ufa Arena. Educational institutions include: Graduate universities and law schools: Scientific institutions include: In Ufa, there is the Ufa branch of the Financial University and

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1504-486: The petroleum company Bashneft and several of its subsidiaries are headquartered in Ufa. Ufa is an ethnically diverse city, home to a substantial number of ethnic Bashkirs and Tatars , with an ethnic Russian majority population. Several educational institutions are located in Ufa, including Bashkir State University , Ufa State Aviation Technical University , Ufa State Petroleum Technological University , and Ural State Law University . The city hosted separate summits of

1551-699: The planet Mercury has been named in his honor. According to the Velvet Book of Russian genealogy, the Aksakovs trace their male line to Šimon , a Varangian nephew of Haakon the Old , who settled in Novgorod in 1027. Their first documented ancestor was Ivan Feodorivich Velyaminov nicknamed Oksak who lived during the 15th century. His family crest was based on the Polish Przyjaciel coat of arms (also known as Aksak) which

1598-572: The position of Pascherti with the current location of Ufa. Ibn Khaldun called the town, among the largest cities of the Golden Horde , Bashkort. Russian historian of the 18th century Peter Rychkov wrote that there was a great city on the territory of Ufa before the arrival of the Russians. The official of the Orenburg Governorate government Vasily Rebelensky wrote that Ufa was founded by

1645-474: The post: Dostoyevsky St., 102/1, located in the area of the industrial enterprise. During 2017 almost all posts of the state observation network recorded exceedances of a single concentration of suspended substances. At the same time, in order to implement regional state environmental oversight aimed at preventing, detecting, and suppressing violations by public authorities, local authorities, and legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and citizens of requirements in

1692-646: The publication of a "scurrilous" pamphlet on drunken policemen; in 1833 he became an inspector at the Grand Duke Constantine School of Surveying, and in 1835 the first director of the Constantine Geodetic Institute ( Konstantinovsky mezhevoi institut ). He retired from the civil service in 1838. In 1832 he met Nikolai Gogol "and recognized in him what he had failed to see in Púshkin or any other man—a purely Russian genius. Aksakov's house,

1739-626: The state observation network. The results of observations of the pollutants content are presented on the official website of the Bashkir State Hydrometeorological Service in the section "Monitoring of environmental pollution" daily and monthly. In 2017, the maximum single concentration of suspended solids reached 4.6 MPC m. in March 2017, at the address: Oktyabrya Ave., 141, located near the motorway with heavy traffic, and in April 2017 at

1786-605: The surrounding area of Ufa dates back to Paleolithic times. Presumably, from the 5th to 16th centuries there was a medieval city on the site of Ufa. On the Pizzigano brothers ' map (1367) and on the Catalan Atlas (1375) a town approximately on the Belaya River was designated Pascherti (Bashkort), and Gerardus Mercator 's map (1554) also marked the settlement with the name Pascherti. French orientalist Henri Cordier associates

1833-489: The system of the general program of integrated environmental and sanitary-hygienic monitoring." Going to the site found that all 9 posts of the state observational network of Roshydromet are located at a considerable distance from the area of Inors and Sipaylovo, from residential areas. Control of MPC and air quality in residential areas is not carried out. The major religions in the city are Sunni Islam and Russian Orthodoxy . The Bezpopovtsy strain of Russian Old Believers

1880-479: The village of Abramtsevo , near Moscow, where he entertained writers including Gogol , Turgenev , and Tolstoy and which was also frequented by his Slavophile sons, Konstantin and Ivan . In the late 1850s he published his most enduring works, The Family Chronicle ( Semeinaya khronika , 1856; translated as A Russian Gentleman ) and Childhood Years of Bagrov Grandson ( Detskie gody Bagrova-vnuka , 1858, translated as Years of Childhood ). These reminiscences of

1927-545: Was adapted into an animated feature film in the Soviet Union in 1952. Aksakov married Olga Semyonovna Zaplatina who was the daughter of Major General Semyon Grigorievich Zaplatin and a captured Turkish woman. They had four sons ( Konstantin , Gregory, Ivan and Mikhail) and seven daughters ( Vera , Olga, Nadezhda, Anna, Lyubov, Maria, and Sophia). Ufa Ufa ( / ˈ uː f ə / OO-fə ; Russian : Уфа [ʊˈfa] ; Bashkir : Өфө , romanized :  Öfö , IPA: [ʏ̞ˈfʏ̞] )

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1974-406: Was also distracted by his obsessive interest in the theater. He left the university in 1807, and the following year went to St. Petersburg to take up government service, for which he was also poorly prepared. Again, he spent considerable time at the theater, and his acquaintance with the conservative Admiral Shishkov strengthened his preference for classical Russian literature and introduced him to

2021-506: Was also introduced to literature by his mother at an early age, and became especially fond of Mikhail Kheraskov 's Rossiada and the tragedies of Alexander Sumarokov . He was educated at the Kazan Gymnasium and then, in 1805 (in the first year after its founding), at Kazan University , though he himself said he was ill-prepared for university education (and some of the professors, brought from abroad, taught in foreign languages). He

2068-477: Was under the jurisdiction of the Orenburg governors. And even though the 1796 reform reunited Orenburg and Ufa again, in 1802, the city of Ufa became a new center of the entire Orenburg Governorate that included large territories of modern-day Republic of Bashkortostan , Orenburg Oblast , and Chelyabinsk Oblast . The Belaya River Waterway (1870) and the Samara-Zlatoust Railroad (1890) connected

2115-500: Was usually in Moscow. In 1816 he married Olga Semenovna Zaplatina, and the couple had six sons and eight daughters. His eldest daughter Vera Aksakova who was born in 1819 was also a noted author. He began publishing translations, reviews, and articles in the early 1820s, though his important work came much later. In 1827 he was appointed to the Moscow Censorship Committee, from which he was dismissed in 1832 for allowing

2162-527: Was working on that, he published books about two of his favorite activities since his youth, Notes on Fishing (1847) and Notes of a Hunter in Orenburg Province (1852). Their "limpid style and concrete content," which were "almost unique in Russian literature," were appreciated by contemporaries; Ivan Turgenev reviewed them enthusiastically, and Gogol wrote Aksakov, "Your birds and fishes are more alive than my men and women." In 1843 Aksakov settled in

2209-569: Was −48.5 °C (−55.3 °F) on January 1, 1979. The highest temperature ever recorded was 39.4 °C (102.9 °F) on July 10, 2023. The bodies of local self-government of Ufa are: The Stroitel Stadium is a sports stadium located north of the centre of the city, off the Aleksandra Nevskogo Ulitsa street in Neftekhimikov (Petrochemists') Park. The stadium is primarily an Ice speedway venue. Bashkiria Ufa were one of

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