33-507: Rani Abbakka Chowta was the first Tuluva Queen of Ullal who fought the Portuguese in the latter half of the 16th century. She belonged to the Chowta dynasty , an indigenous Tuluva dynasty who ruled over parts of coastal Karnataka ( Tulu Nadu ), India. Their capital was Puttige. The port town of Ullal served as their subsidiary capital. The Portuguese made several attempts to capture Ullal as it
66-528: A bhuta or bhoota is a supernatural creature, or spiritual entity, especially of ancestors) in Tulu Nadu is similar to the rest of South India, though the bhutas and forms of worship differ. The kola or nema is the yearly ceremony celebrating the festival of bhutas . They have attained a godly status among some worshippers, mainly non-Brahmins, and even have their own bhuta-sthanas (a place of abode similar to temples). However, in many villages
99-510: A matrimonial alliance for Abbakka with Lakshmappa Arasa Bangaraja II, king of Banga principality in Mangalore . This alliance was to later prove a source of worry for the Portuguese. Tirumala Raya also trained Abbakka in the different aspects of warfare and military strategy. The marriage, however, was short-lived and Abbakka returned to Ullal. Her husband thus longed for revenge against Abbakka and
132-561: A mosque. The same night, she gathered around 200 of her soldiers and mounted an attack on the Portuguese. In the battle that ensued, General Peixoto was killed, seventy Portuguese soldiers were taken prisoners and many of the Portuguese retreated. In further attacks, Abbakka Rani and her supporters killed Admiral Mascarenhas and forced the Portuguese to vacate the Mangalore fort. The Portuguese captured Mangalore fort again and Kundapur (Basrur). Despite these gains, Abbakka Rani continued to remain
165-475: A popular folk theatre in Tulu Nadu . In Büta Kola, Tuluva Animism, the persona in trance recounts the great deeds of Abbakka Chowta. Abbakka is portrayed as dark and good looking, always dressed in simple clothes like a commoner. She is portrayed as a caring Queen who worked late into the night dispensing justice. Legends also claim that Abbakka was the last known person to have used the fire-arrow in her fight against
198-524: A source of threat. With the help of the queen's estranged husband, they mounted attacks on Ullal. Furious battles followed, but Abbakka Rani held her own. In 1570, she formed an alliance with the Bijapur Sultan of Ahmed Nagar and the Zamorin of Calicut , who were also opposing the Portuguese. Kutty Pokar Markar, the Zamorin's general fought on behalf of Abbakka and destroyed the Portuguese fort at Mangalore, but
231-836: A special cover on Rani Abbakka. There have been calls to name the Bajpe airport. A bronze statue of the queen has been erected in Ullal and another in Bangalore . Amar Chitra Katha published a book named 'Rani Abbakka- The Queen who knew no fear'. The Karnataka Itihasa Academy has called for renaming the Queen's road in the state capital as 'Rani Abbakka Devi road'. Actress Barkha Sengupta portrays Rani Abbakka in Tv series Swaraj of DD National . Indian Railways Has An Locomotive Engine Dedicated To Queen Abbakka Chowta. The Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Rani Abbakka ,
264-692: Is a town in the Udupi district of Karnataka state in India. This town was known as Coondapoor when it was part of the erstwhile South Canara district (1862–1947) of the Madras Presidency of British India . Present-day Kundapur is administered by the Kundapur Town Municipal Council and serves as the headquarters of eponymous Kundapur taluk in Udupi district. The name Kundapura can be traced to
297-459: Is also called Parasurama Kshetram 'The Land of Parasurama' ). Parasurama threw his axe across the sea, and the water receded as far as it reached. According to legend, this new area of land extended from Gokarna to Kanyakumari . The land which rose from sea was filled with salt and unsuitable for habitation; so Parasurama invoked the Snake King Vasuki , who spat holy poison and converted
330-660: Is bounded on the west by the Arabian Sea, on the south by Brahmavara Taluk, on the north by Byndoor Taluk , and the east by the Western Ghats . Kundapur taluk has several rivers and experiences heavy rainfall. The main rivers are the Chakra, Souparnika, Varahi, Kubja, and Kheta. In fact, there are seven rivers or rivulets between Kundapur and Byndoor, a short distance of 36 km. They are Halady River, Kollur River, Chakra River, Rajadi, Nujadi, Yadamavina Hole and Uppunda Hole. As of
363-466: Is called Tuluvedi. Tuluvas follow a matrilineal system of inheritance known as Aliyasantana , where inheritance is from uncle to nephew, except for Brahmins , Tulu Gowda , Shettigar caste and Vishwakarmas . It is similar to the Marumakkathayam of Kerala . Other distinctive features include the rituals of Yakshagana , Bhuta Kola , Nagaradhane Aati kalenja and Kambala . Bhuta Kola
SECTION 10
#1733084726744396-631: Is similar to Theyyam in North Malabar region. Tuluva New Year is called Bisu Parba , which falls on the same day as Baisakhi , Vishu and the Thai New Year . Tuluva Paddanas are sung narratives, which are part of several closely related singing traditions in Tulu language , Paddanas are sung during occasions which describe the evolution of Tulu tribes and Tulu culture. Bhuta-aradhana ( lit. ' spirit worship ' or 'soul worship';
429-453: Is strictly local characters like Male-Chandi (from the male-Nadu), Ullaldi (from Ullal), and Malaraye (from the Ghats). Then there are bhutas that provide comical relief during nemas, namely Marlu-Jumadi (crazy Jumadi) or Potte (mute–deaf demigod). Newer bhutas also have been added, like Posa-bhuta (new demigod), Vokku-Ballala, and Muttappe. From India's independence and following
462-483: The 16th century, Beary men had served as seamen in the naval force. Rani Abbakka had personally supervised the construction of dam at Malali ; she had appointed Bearys for boulder work.[11] Her army too consisted of people of all sects and castes. She even forged alliances with the Zamorin of Calicut . Together, they kept the Portuguese at bay. The marital ties with the neighbouring Banga dynasty added further strength to
495-642: The 1st of a series of five inshore patrol vessels (IPV) built at Hindustan Shipyard Ltd is named after Abbakka Mahadevi was commissioned in Visakhapatnam on 20 January 2012, and is based in Chennai . The festival of "Veera Rani Abbakka Utsava" is celebrated in Ullal every year in memory of Rani Abakka during which the Veera Rani Abbakka Award is given to distinguished women in recognition of their contributions in various fields. The Abbakka Award 2018–19
528-459: The 2011 India census , Languages of Kundapur Town (2011) Kundapur is connected to other parts of the country by NH66 . SH52 is a State Highway that connects to Shimoga District. This Highway connects cities and towns of different states. Kundapur is also connected to the Konkan Railway , which runs from Mumbai to Mangaluru . The railway station is about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from
561-609: The Brahmins, who consider these spirits as their protectorates, conduct the yearly ceremonies. Bhuta , who may be considered local deities, can be animistic as in Panjurli (boar) or Pili-bhuta (tiger). A second variety can be representatives of characters taken out of the Puranas like Bermer (Brahma), Lekkesiri (Raktesvari, Kali) or Vishnumurti. A third category is deified human beings like Gulige, Annappe, and Koti-Chananye. The fourth kind
594-658: The Kundeshwara Temple built by Kundavarma of the Alupa dynasty who ruled the region in the 10th - 11th century, in the vicinity of the Panchagangavalli River . In Kundagannada language, the word "Kunda" also refers to the flower Jasmine. Where the Majority people of Kundapura grow flower Jasmine in this region which came to be called as kundapura (Land of Jasmine). Kundapura town is surrounded by water from three sides. To
627-602: The Portuguese, the Dutch and the British vied with one another for control of the region as well as the trade routes. They, however, had not been able to make much headway as the resistance from the local chieftains was very strong. The local rulers even forged alliances cutting across caste and religious lines. Abbakka was crowned as the queen in 1525. Abbakka's administration was well represented by Jains , Hindus as well as Muslims . Historical research also reveals that during her rule in
660-480: The Portuguese. Some accounts also claim that she had two equally valiant daughters who fought alongside her in her wars against the Portuguese. Abbakka's memory is much cherished in her home town of Ullal . The "Veera Rani Abbakka Utsava" is an annual celebration held in her memory. The Veera Rani Abbakka Prashasti award is given to distinguished women on the occasion. On 15 January 2003, the Indian postal department issued
693-471: The alliance of the local rulers. She also gained support from powerful king Venkatappanayaka of Bidnur and ignored the threat of Portuguese forces. The Portuguese, clearly upset by Abbakka's tactics, demanded that she pay them tribute but Abbakka refused to yield. In 1555, the Portuguese sent Admiral Dom Álvaro da Silveira to fight her after she refused to pay them tribute. In the battle that followed, Rani Abbakka once again managed to hold her own and repulsed
SECTION 20
#1733084726744726-499: The attack successfully. In 1557, the Portuguese plundered Mangalore and laid waste to it. In 1568, they turned their attention to Ullal but Abbakka Rani resisted them yet again. João Peixoto, a Portuguese general and a fleet of soldiers were sent by the Portuguese Viceroy António Noronha. They managed to capture the city of Ullal and also entered the royal court. Abbakka Rani, however, escaped and took refuge in
759-570: The districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi in Karnataka and part of Kasaragod district in Kerala , with Mangalore , Karnataka being the commercial hub. The Census report of 2011 reported a population of 1,846,427 native Tulu speakers living in India. According to Keralolpathi , the name Tuluva comes from that of one of the Cheraman Perumal kings of Kerala , who fixed his residence in
792-580: The foremost women warriors and patriots. Ullal was the capital of the Chowta king Thirumala Raya III. Feudatories of the Vijayanagar kingdom, the Chowtas were Tuluva kings who practiced Jainism alongside Tuluva Animism (Būtaradhane). The Chowtas followed the system of matrilineal inheritance ( Aliyasantana ) of Bunts community by which Tirumala Raya, Abbakka's uncle, crowned her the queen of Ullal. He also forged
825-566: The north lies the Panchagangavalli River . To the east lies the Kalaghar river. To the west lie the Kodi backwaters sea walk and the Arabian Sea , leaving the south side as the main connecting land mass. All connecting roads to Kundapura enter the city from the southern direction. North side of the town is vast backwaters of Panchagangavali river and a bridge has been constructed across it. Kundapur Taluk
858-434: The northern portion of his dominions just before its separation from Kerala, and who was called Tulubhan Perumal . According to mythology, Tulu Nadu was reclaimed by Parashurama from the sea. According to the 17th-century Malayalam work Keralolpathi , the lands of Kerala and Tulu Nadu were recovered from the Arabian Sea by the axe-wielding warrior sage Parasurama , the sixth avatar of Vishnu (hence, Kerala
891-760: The reorganization of states, the Tuluvas have been demanding national language status for Tulu and a separate state for themselves called Tulu Nadu ('land of Tuluvas'), based on their language and distinct culture. Though somewhat subdued for a while, this demand has grown stronger in recent years. Several organizations like the Tulu Rajya Horata Samiti have taken up the cause of the Tuluvas, and frequent meetings and demonstrations are held across towns in Tulunadu (such as Mangalore and Udupi ) to voice their demands. Kundapur Kundapra , officially Kundapura ,
924-486: The soil into fertile lush green land. Out of respect, Vasuki and all snakes were appointed as protectors and guardians of the land. P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar theorised, that Senguttuvan may have been inspired by the Parasurama legend, which was brought by early Aryan settlers. Tulu speakers are divided into various castes. The major Tulu speaking castes are: Mangalorean Protestants are also Tulu speakers. A Tulu woman
957-541: The town. The nearest airport is Mangaluru International Airport , at Bajpe around 87 kilometres (54 mi) from Kundapur. Kundapura railway station , along the Konkan Railway , is used by Kerala pilgrims who visit Kolluru Mookambika Temple Kundapur is located at a distance of 38 km (24 mi) from Udupi , 40 km (25 mi) from Manipal , 30 km (19 mi) from Byndoor , 54 km (34 mi) Bhatkal , 91 km (57 mi) from Mangaluru and 181 km (112 mi) from Karwar , which are
990-420: Was given to Dr. Sandhya Pai, for achievement in the field of literature and to Urmila Ramesh Kumar, for her achievement in various field except literature. Tulu people The Tulu people or Tuluvas are an ethno-linguistic and ethno-cultural group from Southern India . They are native speakers of the Tulu language and the region they traditionally inhabit is known as Tulu Nadu . This region comprises
1023-460: Was killed by the Portuguese on his return. Following these losses and her husband's treachery, Abbakka lost the war, was arrested, and went to jail. However, even in prison, she revolted and died fighting. According to traditional accounts, she was an immensely popular queen and this is also attested by the fact that she is even today a part of folklore. The queen's story has been retold from generation to generation through folk songs and Yakshagana ,
Abbakka Chowta - Misplaced Pages Continue
1056-464: Was strategically placed. But Abbakka repulsed each of their attacks for over four decades. For her bravery, she came to be known as Abhaya Rani (The fearless queen). She was also one of the earliest Indians to fight European colonialism and is sometimes regarded as the 'first woman freedom fighter of India'. In the state of Karnataka , she is celebrated along with Rani Kittur Chennamma , Keladi Chennamma , Rani Chennabhairadevi and Onake Obavva , as
1089-477: Was to later join the Portuguese in their fight against Abbakka. After overrunning Goa and taking control of it, the Portuguese turned their attention southwards and along the coast. They first attacked the South Kanara coast in 1525 and destroyed the Mangalore port. Ullal was a prosperous port and a hub of the spice trade to Arabia and other countries in the west. Being the profitable trading center that it was,
#743256