110-532: Abahani Limited Dhaka ( Bengali : আবাহনী লিমিটেড ঢাকা ), also referred as Dhaka Abahani or Abahani Limited , is a Bangladeshi professional football club based in the Dhanmondi area of Dhaka , Bangladesh . The club currently competes in the Bangladesh Premier League , the top flight of Bangladeshi football . The club was founded as Abahani Krira Chakra ( Bengali : আবাহনী ক্রীড়া চক্র ), through
220-425: A 0–0 draw. However, the league was abandoned midway, with the winners being unannounced. Abahani finished their first full season as the 1973 First Division runners-up, behind Bangladesh JIC. The team displayed their best performance in a 2–0 victory over giants Mohammedan, with goals from Amalesh Sen and Kazi Salahuddin, the latter scored 24 league goals that year. Abahani won their first league title in 1974, under
330-492: A bid to lessen this burden on young learners, efforts have been made by educational institutions in the two main Bengali-speaking regions (West Bengal and Bangladesh) to address the opaque nature of many consonant clusters, and as a result, modern Bengali textbooks are beginning to contain more and more "transparent" graphical forms of consonant clusters, in which the constituent consonants of a cluster are readily apparent from
440-619: A brace. Nonetheless, Abahani were not able to repeat their past heroics during the away leg, at the Kim Il-sung Stadium in Pyongyang , losing the game 2–0 (5–4 aggregate). Abahani ( Bengali : আবাহনী ), means incoming message, sound or music, and thus, one of the club's founding member Harunur Rashid designed the club's crest after being influenced by the Flag of the United Nations . Similar to
550-590: A different word from a speaker of Standard Bengali in Bangladesh, even though both words are of native Bengali descent. For example, the word salt is লবণ lôbôṇ in the east which corresponds to নুন nun in the west. Bengali exhibits diglossia , though some scholars have proposed triglossia or even n-glossia or heteroglossia between the written and spoken forms of the language. Two styles of writing have emerged, involving somewhat different vocabularies and syntax : Linguist Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar categorises
660-480: A diphthong. The total number of diphthongs is not established, with bounds at 17 and 31. An incomplete chart is given by Sarkar (1985) of the following: In standard Bengali, stress is predominantly initial. Bengali words are virtually all trochaic ; the primary stress falls on the initial syllable of the word, while secondary stress often falls on all odd-numbered syllables thereafter, giving strings such as in সহযোগিতা shô -hô- jo -gi- ta "cooperation", where
770-676: A fanbase of their own. Since the start of the 80s, their supporters expanded throughout the country and were notorious for their violent altercations with Mohammedan SC supporters. Alongside the club, the supporters are also called the "Sky Blue Brigade ". Throughout the 80s many Abahani supporters were killed or heavily injured due to their constant riots during games. The supporters are well known for attacking their own players, most recently in 2014, Mofazzal Hossain Shaikat , Shahidul Alam Sohel and Shaikat Bhowmik were reportedly injured by angry Abahani supporters, after being defeated by Mohammedan SC in
880-672: A large scale and were communally limited. Owing to Bengal's geographic location, Bengali areas bordering non-Bengali regions have been influenced by each other. Small numbers of people in Midnapore , which borders Odisha , have used the Odia script to write in Bengali. In the border areas between West Bengal and Bihar , some Bengali communities historically wrote Bengali in Devanagari , Kaithi and Tirhuta . In Sylhet and Bankura , modified versions of
990-516: A major part of the club's return to glory. Although the club did not enjoy much success at the Aga Khan Gold Cup , they were able break Mohammedan's league dominance, by regaining the First Division title in 1977, after defeating Rahmatganj MFS 3–1 in the league deciding game, with goals coming from Kazi Salahuddin, Khurshid Alam Babul and Kazi Anwar . The return of Kazi Salahuddin in 1976,
1100-660: A majority in Bangladesh speaks dialects notably different from SCB. Some dialects, particularly those of the Chittagong region, bear only a superficial resemblance to SCB. The dialect in the Chittagong region is least widely understood by the general body of Bengalis. The majority of Bengalis are able to communicate in more than one variety – often, speakers are fluent in Cholitobhasha (SCB) and one or more regional dialects. Even in SCB,
1210-597: A part in the adoption of the English alphabet to write Bengali, with certain social media influencers publishing entire novels in Roman Bengali. Team BJMC Team Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation ( Team BJMC ) was a football club in Bangladesh that was mainly located in the city of Dhaka . The club was formerly known as East Pakistan IDC prior to 1971 and Bangladesh JIC from 1971 until 1975, from which point onward
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#17328808387891320-562: A rounded total of 280 million) worldwide. The Bengali language is native to the region of Bengal , which comprises the present-day nation of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal . Besides the native region it is also spoken by the Bengalis living in Tripura , southern Assam and the Bengali population in the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Bengali is also spoken in
1430-596: A six-point deduction. However, while in search of hattrick league champions, club legend Kazi Salahuddin announced his surprise retirement after the 1984 league season. 1985 was a noteworthy year in Dhaka football as the Dhaka football authority introduced the 3 point system in the league, and at the time only the English Leagues were using this system. There was confusion inside the Abahani camp as well, Salahuddin who had retired
1540-512: A social welfare association involved with sports, literature and culture. In 1968, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 's eldest son, Sheikh Kamal , got involved with Abahani following his father's request. After the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War subsided, Kamal decided to create a new club in the newly liberated nation, then he learned of Iqbal Sporting Club , located in Mohammadpur , the Biharis who played at
1650-408: A special diacritic, called the hôsôntô (্) , may be added below the basic consonant grapheme (as in ম্ [m] ). This diacritic, however, is not common and is chiefly employed as a guide to pronunciation. The abugida nature of Bengali consonant graphemes is not consistent, however. Often, syllable-final consonant graphemes, though not marked by a hôsôntô , may carry no inherent vowel sound (as in
1760-575: A state language of the then Dominion of Pakistan . On 21 February 1952, five students and political activists were killed during protests near the campus of the University of Dhaka ; they were the first ever martyrs to die for their right to speak their mother tongue. In 1956, Bengali was made a state language of Pakistan. 21 February has since been observed as Language Movement Day in Bangladesh and has also been commemorated as International Mother Language Day by UNESCO every year since 2000. In 2010,
1870-463: A vowel in isolation from any preceding or following consonant, the independent form of the vowel is used. For example, in মই [moj] "ladder" and in ইলিশ [iliʃ] "Hilsa fish", the independent form of the vowel ই is used (cf. the dependent form ি) . A vowel at the beginning of a word is always realised using its independent form. In addition to the inherent-vowel-suppressing hôsôntô , three more diacritics are commonly used in Bengali. These are
1980-434: A young Abahani team to the First Division title beating a star-studded Muktijoddha side in the race. That year Abahani's new generation included Masoud Rana, Zakir Hossain and Mamun Joarder , the latter's brace against Mohammedan won Abahani the league in the season ending game. A pivotal part of the team was their Russian midfielder Sergey Zhukov who created an indestructible partnership with Zakir Hossain in midfield, during
2090-494: Is Bangladesh's national march, written by The National Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam in Bengali in 1928. It was adopted as the national marching song by the Bangladeshi government in 1972. Additionally, the first two verses of Vande Mataram , a patriotic song written in Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee , was adopted as the "national song" of India in both the colonial period and later in 1950 in independent India. Furthermore, it
2200-536: Is a classical Indo-Aryan language from the Indo-European language family native to the Bengal region of South Asia. With over 237 million native speakers and another 41 million as second language speakers as of 2024, Bengali is the fifth most spoken native language and the seventh most spoken language by the total number of speakers in the world. It is the fifth most spoken Indo-European language . Bengali
2310-468: Is a cursive script with eleven graphemes or signs denoting nine vowels and two diphthongs , and thirty-nine graphemes representing consonants and other modifiers. There are no distinct upper and lower case letter forms. The letters run from left to right and spaces are used to separate orthographic words . Bengali script has a distinctive horizontal line running along the tops of the graphemes that links them together called মাত্রা matra . Since
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#17328808387892420-400: Is an abugida , a script with letters for consonants, with diacritics for vowels, and in which an inherent vowel (অ ô ) is assumed for consonants if no vowel is marked. The Bengali alphabet is used throughout Bangladesh and eastern India (Assam, West Bengal, Tripura). The Bengali alphabet is believed to have evolved from a modified Brahmic script around 1000 CE (or 10th–11th century). It
2530-668: Is believed by many that the national anthem of Sri Lanka ( Sri Lanka Matha ) was inspired by a Bengali poem written by Rabindranath Tagore , while some even believe the anthem was originally written in Bengali and then translated into Sinhala . After the contribution made by the Bangladesh UN Peacekeeping Force in the Sierra Leone Civil War under the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone ,
2640-699: Is considered a separate language, although it shares similarities to Northern Bengali dialects. During the standardisation of Bengali in the 19th century and early 20th century, the cultural centre of Bengal was in Kolkata , a city founded by the British. What is accepted as the standard form today in both West Bengal and Bangladesh is based on the West-Central dialect of Nadia and Kushtia District . There are cases where speakers of Standard Bengali in West Bengal will use
2750-404: Is known as Apabhraṃśa , by the end of the first millennium. The Bengali language evolved as a distinct language over the course of time. Though some archaeologists claim that some 10th-century texts were in Bengali, it is not certain whether they represent a differentiated language or whether they represent a stage when Eastern Indo-Aryan languages were differentiating. The local Apabhraṃśa of
2860-477: Is set out below in the International Phonetic Alphabet (upper grapheme in each box) and romanisation (lower grapheme). Bengali is known for its wide variety of diphthongs , combinations of vowels occurring within the same syllable . Two of these, /oi̯/ and /ou̯/ , are the only ones with representation in script, as ঐ and ঔ respectively. /e̯ i̯ o̯ u̯/ may all form the glide part of
2970-545: Is the official , national , and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh , with 98% of Bangladeshis using Bengali as their first language. It is the second-most widely spoken language in India . It is the official language of the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura and the Barak Valley region of the state of Assam . It is also the second official language of the Indian state of Jharkhand since September 2011. It
3080-500: Is the most widely spoken language in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal , and is spoken by significant populations in other states including Bihar , Arunachal Pradesh , Delhi , Chhattisgarh , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Nagaland , Odisha and Uttarakhand . Bengali is also spoken by the Bengali diasporas ( Bangladeshi diaspora and Indian Bengalis) across Europe, North America,
3190-455: The 1978 World Cup , putting an end to Abahani's title winning run, the club did manage a consolation, winning the 1986 Federation Cup trophy. The 1987 First Division League, was one of the most highly competitive seasons in Dhaka football. Abahani made marquee signings of their own by bringing in Iraqi duo Samir Shaker and Karim Allawi both of whom played in the 1986 World Cup , and also completed
3300-500: The Aesop's Fables in Bengali was printed using Roman letters based on English phonology by the Scottish linguist John Gilchrist . Consecutive attempts to establish a Roman Bengali have continued across every century since these times, and have been supported by the likes of Suniti Kumar Chatterji , Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda , and Muhammad Enamul Haq . The Digital Revolution has also played
3410-660: The Arabic , Persian , and Turkic languages . The arrival of merchants and traders from the Middle East and Turkestan into the Buddhist -ruling Pala Empire , from as early as the 7th century, gave birth to Islamic influence in the region. In the 13th century, subsequent Arab Muslim and Turco-Persian expeditions to Bengal heavily influenced the local vernacular by settling among the native population. Bengali absorbed Arabic and Persian influences in its vocabulary and dialect, including
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3520-544: The Bangladesh Football Federation introduced the B.League , as the country's first ever professional football league. In order to end their league title drought, Abahani appointed Argentine Andrés Cruciani , who brought in Argentine trio Mariano Caporale , Mariano Sanchez and Hector Parodi. However, Cruciani departed midway through the season, and it was the local striker Zahid Hasan Ameli who lead Abahani to
3630-511: The Calcutta Football League . In the mid-nineties, many players started leaving Bangladesh's top three clubs Mohammedan, Abahani and Brothers Union for Muktijoddha SKC , after the trio made a gentleman's agreement to lower player salaries. In 1992, Monem Munna returned to Abahani from India, and the club officials paid him a record fee of 20 lakh taka, which made nationwide headlines, preventing his move to Muktijoddha SKC. Munna lead
3740-468: The Constitution of Bangladesh states Bengali to be the sole official language of Bangladesh. The Bengali Language Implementation Act, 1987 , made it mandatory to use Bengali in all records and correspondences, laws, proceedings of court and other legal actions in all courts, government or semi-government offices, and autonomous institutions in Bangladesh. It is also the de facto national language of
3850-564: The Kaithi script had some historical prominence, mainly among Muslim communities. The variant in Sylhet was identical to the Baitali Kaithi script of Hindustani with the exception of Sylhet Nagri possessing matra . Sylhet Nagri was standardised for printing in c. 1869 . Up until the 19th century, numerous variations of the Arabic script had been used across Bengal from Chittagong in
3960-520: The Nadia region . Bengali shows a high degree of diglossia , with the literary and standard form differing greatly from the colloquial speech of the regions that identify with the language. Modern Bengali vocabulary is based on words inherited from Magadhi Prakrit and Pali, along with tatsamas and reborrowings from Sanskrit and borrowings from Persian , Arabic , Austroasiatic languages and other languages with which it has historically been in contact. In
4070-570: The National League , where clubs from all over the country took part in. Monem Munna who was named Abahani's team manager following his retirement and ex-club captain turned coach Amalesh Sen , lead Abahani to winning both trophies in 2000, while also managing to retain the Dhaka League title, in 2001. Munna also guided the club to hattrick Federation Cup titles from 1997 till 2000, alongside different coaches. Nonetheless, Munna health deteriorated
4180-590: The University of Karachi (established by East Pakistani politicians before Independence of Bangladesh ) also offers regular programs of studies at the Bachelors and at the Masters levels for Bengali Literature. The national anthems of both Bangladesh ( Amar Sonar Bangla ) and India ( Jana Gana Mana ) were written in Bengali by the Bengali Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore . Notuner Gaan known as " Chol Chol Chol"
4290-499: The boldface represents primary and secondary stress. Native Bengali words do not allow initial consonant clusters ; the maximum syllabic structure is CVC (i.e., one vowel flanked by a consonant on each side). Many speakers of Bengali restrict their phonology to this pattern, even when using Sanskrit or English borrowings, such as গেরাম geram (CV.CVC) for গ্রাম gram (CCVC) "village" or ইস্কুল iskul (VC.CVC) for স্কুল skul (CCVC) "school". The Bengali-Assamese script
4400-557: The phonology of Eastern Bengali is seen through the lack of nasalised vowels and an alveolar articulation of what are categorised as the "cerebral" consonants (as opposed to the postalveolar articulation of western Bengal). Some varieties of Bengali, particularly Sylheti , Chittagonian and Chakma , have contrastive tone ; differences in the pitch of the speaker's voice can distinguish words. Kharia Thar and Mal Paharia are closely related to Western Bengali dialects, but are typically classified as separate languages. Similarly, Hajong
4510-569: The "Black September" event, when four Abahani players were arrested after a Dhaka Derby match, the arrestees later accused former Mohammedan SC striker and at the time the vice-president of the Bangladesh Football Federation , Hafizuddin Ahmed , of planning the whole incident beforehand in order to defame the club. The early years saw many violent confrontation between fans of both clubs, usually leading to police intervention or matches to be played behind closed doors, such as in 1987 when Mohammmedn SC secured
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4620-608: The 16th century, Portuguese missionaries began a tradition of using the Roman alphabet to transcribe the Bengali language. Though the Portuguese standard did not receive much growth, a few Roman Bengali works relating to Christianity and Bengali grammar were printed as far as Lisbon in 1743. The Portuguese were followed by the English and French respectively, whose works were mostly related to Bengali grammar and transliteration. The first version of
4730-637: The 19th and 20th centuries, there were two standard forms of written Bengali: In 1948, the government of Pakistan tried to impose Urdu as the sole state language in Pakistan, giving rise to the Bengali language movement . This was a popular ethnolinguistic movement in the former East Bengal (today Bangladesh ), which arose as a result of the strong linguistic consciousness of the Bengalis and their desire to promote and protect spoken and written Bengali's recognition as
4840-576: The 6th century, which competed with the ancestor of Bengali for some time. The ancestor of Bengali was the language of the Pala Empire and the Sena dynasty . During the medieval period, Middle Bengali was characterised by the elision of the word-final অ ô and the spread of compound verbs, which originated from the Sanskrit Schwa . Slowly, the word-final ô disappeared from many words influenced by
4950-451: The Bengali equivalent of a full stop – have been adopted from Western scripts and their usage is similar. Unlike in Western scripts (Latin, Cyrillic, etc.) where the letter forms stand on an invisible baseline, the Bengali letter-forms instead hang from a visible horizontal left-to-right headstroke called মাত্রা matra . The presence and absence of this matra can be important. For example,
5060-426: The Bengali script is an abugida, its consonant graphemes usually do not represent phonetic segments , but carry an "inherent" vowel and thus are syllabic in nature. The inherent vowel is usually a back vowel , either [ɔ] as in মত [m ɔ t] "opinion" or [o] , as in মন [m o n] "mind", with variants like the more open [ɒ] . To emphatically represent a consonant sound without any inherent vowel attached to it,
5170-728: The Dhaka field, being named the league's top goal scorer for 4 consecutive years (1984 to 1987), scoring 17 goals during Abahani's hattrick winning season and also helped the club win their second Federation Cup in 1985. After their 1985 league triumph Abahani participated in the 1985–86 Asian Club Championship , becoming the first Bangladeshi club to achieve the feat. They defeated Sri Lankan team Saunders SC and Club Valencia from Maldives, 4–1 & 8–1 respectively, however they finished Central Asian Zone runners-up as they lost to India's East Bengal Club 1–0. In 1986, Sheikh Mohammad Aslam 20 league goals weren't enough to stop Mohammedan SC guided by Iranian goalkeeper Nasser Hejazi , who played in
5280-560: The Dhanmondi field (now known as the Abahani Limited field) in 1966, it has been used as the main training ground for the club. The field is located on Road No. 19, and also has a basketball court and cricket ground connected to the club tent, all of which is owned by the Limited company. While home matches have predominantly been played at the 36,000 capacity Bangabandhu National Stadium as,
5390-520: The Middle East and other regions. Bengali was accorded the status of a classical language by the government of India on 3 October 2024. It is the second most spoken and fourth fastest growing language in India , following Hindi in the first place, Kashmiri in the second place, and Meitei ( Manipuri ), along with Gujarati , in the third place, according to the 2011 census of India . Bengali has developed over more than 1,400 years. Bengali literature , with its millennium-old literary history,
5500-700: The Semi-Finals of the Independence Cup . Abahani became one of the first Bangladeshi clubs to interact with fans through social media platforms. Dhaka Derby is a football match between Abahani Limited Dhaka and Mohammedan SC . It is considered to be the biggest match in Bangladeshi domestic football. As of 22 June 2022, 133 matches have been played between the two teams out of which Abahani Limited Dhaka has won 56 matches and Mohammedan SC have won 41 times (including all competitive matches and exhibition games) while
5610-402: The United Nations flag, Abahani's crest has flowers on both sides. Regarding the design, Rahid said "The flag of the United Nations is blue, we take that color from there and to make it bloom better, I wrote Abahani below with yellow paint. " During the early 70s, Abahani did not have an established fanbase, while the top sides such as BJMC, Moahmmedan and Wanderers who had supporters all across
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#17328808387895720-536: The basis of modern standard colloquial Bengali. In the dialects prevalent in much of eastern and south-eastern Bangladesh ( Barisal , Chittagong , Dhaka and Sylhet Divisions of Bangladesh), many of the stops and affricates heard in West Bengal and western Bangladesh are pronounced as fricatives . Western alveolo-palatal affricates চ [ tɕɔ ] , ছ [ tɕʰɔ ] , জ [ dʑɔ ] correspond to eastern চ [tsɔ] , ছ [tsʰɔ~sɔ] , জ [dzɔ~zɔ] . The influence of Tibeto-Burman languages on
5830-647: The chaos Abahani lost the league title to Mohammedan, starting off the fierce rivalry between the two clubs, which was later branded as the Dhaka Derby . Kazi Salahuddin had already moved to the Hong Kong League before the start of the season, after Sheikh Kamal's murder. The late 90s was a rebuilding era for Abahani, players like Monwar Hossain Nannu , Golam Rabbani Helal , Ashrafuddin Ahmed Chunnu and Amalesh Sen were
5940-459: The club had been renamed to Team BJMC. In 1981, the club had stopped all their football related activities. However, after 29 years, in 2010, they restarted playing professional football under new manager Arif Khan Joy . In 2019, Team BJMC was relegated from the Bangladesh Premier League , the top-tier association football league in Bangladesh and postponed its football activities the same year. The Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation (BJMC),
6050-565: The club to put their faith into young duo, Monem Munna and Rizvi Karim Rumi . During the 1989–90 season, Abahani finally broke their league drought, with Sheikh Aslam scoring 11 league goals, Rumi becoming the second highest goal scorer, and club captain Ashish Bhadra ending his career by lifting the league title one last time. They were also able to win India's historic Sait Nagjee Trophy in 1989, under Yugoslavian head coach Marko Velich, they defeated previous years winner Salgaocar FC , 1–0 in
6160-464: The club, had fled during the war. The club had already won the second-tier league before the war set about, however, they stopped all club activities the proceeding year due to the state of disarray the country was in. Kamal and co, reformed the club after being granted legal permission, and decided to use the club for Abahani's sports cycle. The reformed club, appointed Nazmul Haque as their first president, while Harunur Rashid and Mohammad Farooq served as
6270-539: The clubs played the second play off game behind closed doors, due to security concerns. Abahani lost the game 2–0. In 1988, Abahani won the Federation Cup once again, their Sri Lankan striker PermLal, was also lethal that year, scoring 18 league goals, but eventually failed to prevent Moahmmedan SC from winning their hattrick league title. The subsequent year, long serving club legends Ashrafuddin Ahmed Chunnu and Golam Rabbani Helal both announced their retirements, leading
6380-469: The consonant which comes first is put on top of or to the left of the one that immediately follows. In these ligatures, the shapes of the constituent consonant signs are often contracted and sometimes even distorted beyond recognition. In the Bengali writing system, there are nearly 285 such ligatures denoting consonant clusters. Although there exist a few visual formulas to construct some of these ligatures, many of them have to be learned by rote. Recently, in
6490-454: The country despised newcomers Abahani for taking their players, due to Sheikh Kamal and Harunur Rashid's strong influence. During the mid-1970s Abahani players were constantly targeted, by rival supporters and football authorities because of political disputes, even more so after Sheikh Kamal's assassination in 1975. After winning the 1977 edition of the Dhaka League with an unbeaten record, Abahani finally were able to get some recognition, forming
6600-469: The country, the event was named as the "Black September " of Bangladeshi football. In 1983, Abahani added Samrat Hossain Emily from Wari Club to assist the aging Kazi Salahuddin, Emily helped Abahani regain the league title the same year and the following season, Salahuddin's brace in the last league match against Brothers Union meant Abahani were crowned champions for two consecutive year, even after having
6710-503: The country. In India, Bengali is one of the 23 official languages . It is the official language of the Indian states of West Bengal , Tripura and in Barak Valley of Assam . Bengali has been a second official language of the Indian state of Jharkhand since September 2011. In Pakistan , Bengali is a recognised secondary language in the city of Karachi mainly spoken by stranded Bengalis of Pakistan . The Department of Bengali in
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#17328808387896820-637: The country. Although Mohammedan SC were crowned the first league winners of the new decade, Abahani responded with the signings of Sri Lankan defender Pakir Ali and Rahmatganj MFS midfield maestro Ashish Bhadra . The Ashish– Babul combination in the midfield served both the club and the country with great distinction, as Abahani won the league in 1981, and were joint champions of the Federation Cup alongside Mohammedan. In September 1982, Abahani star players, Kazi Salahuddin, Ashrafuddin Ahmed Chunnu , Golam Rabbani Helal and Kazi Anwar were summarily tried by
6930-472: The course of the season. Even after the club's league triumph, aside from Munna, the rest of the players got salaries around Tk 8 to 12 lakh. The discord in the team camp, saw Abahani lose integral players each season. Among all the departures, Sheikh Aslam and Monem Munna remained loyal to the club, and carried on the team's legacy for the following few years, by winning consecutive league titles from 1994 to 1995. In 1994, Abahani defeated Kolkata Mohammedan in
7040-587: The development of Dobhashi . Bengali acquired prominence, over Persian, in the court of the Sultans of Bengal with the ascent of Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah . Subsequent Muslim rulers actively promoted the literary development of Bengali, allowing it to become the most spoken vernacular language in the Sultanate. Bengali adopted many words from Arabic and Persian , which was a manifestation of Islamic culture on
7150-547: The domestic league regularly took place at a single venue. The stadium also hosted the group stage and knockouts stage fixtures for Abahani during the 2019 AFC Cup . The country's national stadiumwas the main venue for the Dhaka League , ever since its inception during the East Pakistan era. During the entirety of the 70' and 80' when local football's popularity was at its peak, the Dhaka Derby attracted thousands of fans into
7260-617: The east to Meherpur in the west. The 14th-century court scholar of Bengal, Nur Qutb Alam , composed Bengali poetry using the Persian alphabet . After the Partition of India in the 20th century, the Pakistani government attempted to institute the Perso-Arabic script as the standard for Bengali in East Pakistan ; this was met with resistance and contributed to the Bengali language movement. In
7370-443: The eastern subcontinent, Purbi Apabhraṃśa or Abahatta (lit. 'meaningless sounds'), eventually evolved into regional dialects, which in turn formed three groups, the Bengali–Assamese languages , the Bihari languages , and the Odia language . The language was not static: different varieties coexisted and authors often wrote in multiple dialects in this period. For example, Ardhamagadhi is believed to have evolved into Abahatta around
7480-466: The final ন in মন [m o n] or the medial ম in গামলা [ɡamla] ). A consonant sound followed by some vowel sound other than the inherent [ɔ] is orthographically realised by using a variety of vowel allographs above, below, before, after, or around the consonant sign, thus forming the ubiquitous consonant-vowel typographic ligatures . These allographs, called কার kar , are diacritical vowel forms and cannot stand on their own. For example,
7590-521: The final game of the 2019 AFC Cup group stage, saw Abahani make history by becoming the first Bangladeshi club to reach the Inter-zone play-off semi-finals of the AFC Cup. Abahani faced North Korean side April 25 SC , and managed to produce one of their finest performances since inception, by defeating the North Korean giants 4–3 in the first leg, which was held at the Bangabandhu National Stadium in Dhaka. Sohel Rana and Nabib Newaj Jibon scored once apiece while Nigerian striker Sunday Chizoba netted
7700-487: The final of India's Charms Cup, with goals from Mamun Joarder and Zulfiker Mintu . The joy did not last long as, Aslam who had 119 goals for the club, hung up his boots in 1996, while Munna was forced to retire in 1997, due to kidney complicacy. The 1997–98 Asian Cup Winners' Cup , saw Abahani thrash Sri Lanka's Old Benedictines Club 8–0 on aggregate. Nevertheless, the team was knocked out in the second round by Beijing Guoan , from China. Since 1995, Abahani failed had to win
7810-462: The final, Aslam was the lone scorer. By 1989, the club had transitioned into a Limited Company . In 1990, a brace from Rizvi Karim Rumi, saw Abahani win their first Independence Cup , defeating Mohammedan 2–1. Abahani managed to defeat Indian giants East Bengal Club and rivals Mohammedan during their 1991 BTC Clubs Cup triumph. And as the country's domestic league was not held in 1991, East Bengal roped in Munna, Gaus, Rumi & Aslam from Abahani, for
7920-596: The first Bangladeshi club to reach the knockout stages of the AFC Cup . In 1964, after going through many legal implications, former Youth and Sports Secretary of Bangladesh Awami League , Harunur Rashid got hold of the Dhanmondi field in Road No. 19, which was owned by CNB (now known as PWD) back in East Pakistan . However, as an institution was needed to complete the transaction, in May 1966, Rashid established Abahani Samaj Kalyan Samiti,
8030-546: The first local golden boot winner in B.League history. The following season, Dhanmondi Club who were renamed as Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club , became the first club aside from Abahani to win the professional league. [REDACTED] On 6 August 2011, Abahani won the Bangladesh Super Cup , by defeating arch-rivals Mohammedan in the final. They also managed to win the 2012 BPL , nonetheless Abahnai's record in continental competitions remained dismal, failing to advance past
8140-495: The following few years, making him unable to play an active role in the club. On 9 June 2005, 38 year old Monem Munna died due to kidney failure, while being technical advisor of the football committee. In 2006, the Dhaka League was made the country's second-tier after 58 years of existence as the top-tier, and although Abahani were crowned league champions 11 previous times, they failed win the league during its final three years, falling behind Mohammedan and Brothers Union . In 2007,
8250-515: The football club's owner, said the team was being closed due to a lack of funds. “Around Tk5-6 crores is required to run a football team. We couldn’t even pay the dues for the players from last season. When we are having trouble paying wages to workers, how can we run [a] football team?” said the BJMC chairman, mentioning that around 1,800 BJMC workers had lost their jobs including athletes from different sports. Asia This article related to
8360-412: The game for Mohammedan, scoring the winning goal as the game ended 3–2. With the two teams tied at the top with equal points, a play off match was required. On 9 September 2022, three days after the previous encounter, the title deciding game between Abahani-Mohammedan got underway, and after repeated police intervention, the high-voltage match which saw two players sent off after a scuffle, ended 0–0. After
8470-500: The game, players and officials from both teams agreed to be crowned joint-champions, fearing fan conflict after an intense game. However, the BFF did not accept the agreement and decided to hold a 2nd play-off match. Both captains Aslam & Ranjit Saha (Mohammedan SC), were given a 1-year ban, while Abahani's two key players in Moshin and Mostafa Kamal were banned for three months. On 26 October,
8580-657: The government of Ahmad Tejan Kabbah declared Bengali as an honorary official language in December 2002. In 2009, elected representatives in both Bangladesh and West Bengal called for Bengali to be made an official language of the United Nations . Regional varieties in spoken Bengali constitute a dialect continuum . Linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterji grouped the dialects of Bengali language into four large clusters: Rarhi , Vangiya , Kamrupi and Varendri ; but many alternative grouping schemes have also been proposed. The south-western dialects ( Rarhi or Nadia dialect) form
8690-499: The graph মি [mi] represents the consonant [m] followed by the vowel [i] , where [i] is represented as the diacritical allograph ি (called ই-কার i-kar ) and is placed before the default consonant sign. Similarly, the graphs মা [ma] , মী [mi] , মু [mu] , মূ [mu] , মৃ [mri] , মে [me~mɛ] , মৈ [moj] , মো [mo] and মৌ [mow] represent the same consonant ম combined with seven other vowels and two diphthongs. In these consonant-vowel ligatures,
8800-412: The graphical form. However, since this change is not as widespread and is not being followed as uniformly in the rest of the Bengali printed literature, today's Bengali-learning children will possibly have to learn to recognise both the new "transparent" and the old "opaque" forms, which ultimately amounts to an increase in learning burden. Bengali punctuation marks, apart from the downstroke । daṛi –
8910-709: The group stages of the AFC President's Cup after five attempts. The following three years Abahani were not able to win a single trophy amidst the constant change of coaches, leading to Abahani supporters physically attacking players during games. In 2016, György Kottán 's Abahani responded to their frustrated fans by winning the 2016 BPL , becoming the first club to win the Premier League with an unbeaten record. Abahani began their 2016–17 season by equaling Mohammedan's record of 10 Federation Cup trophies. On 5 January 2018, Abahani emerged as Bangladesh Premier League champions for
9020-523: The guidance of Irish coach William Bill Hart, Abahani introduced Total Football to the Dhaka football scene. However, the club went through a dark period the subsequent year, following the Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , which also claimed the life of founding member Sheikh Kamal . Due to the political situation in the country Abahani's future was left uncertain and were on the path of disbanding only to be saved by some officials and players. Amidst
9130-483: The language as: While most writing is in Standard Colloquial Bengali (SCB), spoken dialects exhibit a greater variety. People in southeastern West Bengal, including Kolkata, speak in SCB. Other dialects, with minor variations from Standard Colloquial, are used in other parts of West Bengal and western Bangladesh, such as the Midnapore dialect, characterised by some unique words and constructions. However,
9240-510: The language movement. Although Sanskrit has been spoken by Hindu Brahmins in Bengal since the 3rd century BC, the local Buddhist population spoke varieties of the Prakrit . These varieties are generally referred to as "eastern Magadhi Prakrit ", as coined by linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterji , as the Middle Indo-Aryan dialects were influential in the first millennium when Bengal
9350-535: The language. Major texts of Middle Bengali (1400–1800) include Yusuf-Zulekha by Shah Muhammad Sagir and Srikrishna Kirtana by the Chandidas poets. Court support for Bengali culture and language waned when the Mughal Empire conquered Bengal in the late 16th and early 17th century. The modern literary form of Bengali was developed during the 19th and early 20th centuries based on the west-central dialect spoken in
9460-449: The league title for the next five years, which was the longest the club had been without a league title since inception. Abahani's rivalry with Mohammedan SC also lost its past popularity, this saw a major reduction in the club's fanbase in the following years. In 2000, alongside the inconsistent Dhaka Premier Division League , which replaced the First Division as top-tier in 1993, the BFF arranged
9570-465: The league title. Some of Abahani's notable wins include the 1986 Federation Cup match, when Sri Lankan striker Premlal scored the first ever hattrick in a Dhaka Derby. While during the 1990 Independence Cup final, striker Rizvi Karim Rumi scored a brace against Mohammedan SC in a 2–1 win. Mamun Joarder scored twice against Mohammedan SC in the league deciding game in 1992, to win Abahani their eighth league title. Ever since Harunur Rashid acquired
9680-428: The letter ত tô and the numeral ৩ "3" are distinguishable only by the presence or absence of the matra , as is the case between the consonant cluster ত্র trô and the independent vowel এ e , also the letter হ hô and Bengali Ôbogroho ঽ (~ô) and letter ও o and consonant cluster ত্ত ttô . The letter-forms also employ the concepts of letter-width and letter-height (the vertical space between
9790-1100: The main secretary and football secretary respectively. [REDACTED] Having been crowned the Second Division title in 1970 as Iqbal Sporting Club, they were granted a place in the 1972 First Division , reformed as Abahani Krira Chakra. Before the 1972 season went underway, Abahani had already made a name for themselves by attaining the service of the country's first "megastar " footballer, Kazi Salahuddin from Mohammedan SC . Abahani's first league squad consisted of: Abul Kashem, Muslim, Zubair, Abdus Sadek (captain), Sheikh Jamaluddin, Hashemuddin, Farooq, Jahangir Shah Badsha, Mozammel Quader, Kazi Anwar, Mohsin, QM Rafique Dipu, Ranjit Kumar Saha, Gafur Bhuiyan, Sheikh Farid, Kazi Abu Siddique, Golam Sarwar Tipu, Kazi Salahuddin, Amalesh Sen, Mohammad Hossain, Abdul Quader, Masood Hasan, Sheikh Ashraf Ali, Belal Hossain, Ali Imam (vice-captain) and coach Kabir. Abahani played their first ever top-tier league game on 11 June 1972 against defending league champions, Bangladesh JIC (BJIC), and ended up earning
9900-483: The men's and women's senior national teams. In 2011, the club desired to build its own sports complex, commemorating one of its finding members Sheikh Kamal the authorities decided that the Sheikh Kamal Sports Complex would be the new home of the Limited company. However, the construction process started from late 2022, when Abahani celebrated its 50th anniversary. A modern sports complex will be built in
10010-618: The military court and sentenced to various terms of imprisonment for the disturbance caused by violently protesting a referee's decision in the Abahani-Mohammedan duel. It was written in the indictment against them that they had initiated a conspiracy to overthrow the military government at the time. The four footballers were later released on the orders of Chief Martial Law Administrator General Hussain Muhammad Ershad , after agitated fans of both Mohammedan and Abahani protested throughout
10120-409: The neighboring Dhaka Mohammedan SC , known as the Dhaka Derby . Considered as one of the most decorated football clubs in Bangladesh. The club has won eleven Dhaka League titles, which was the highest tier in Bangladesh until 2006. Since the inception of the country's first professional league, they have achieved a record 6 Bangladesh Premier League titles. With 17 domestic league titles, they are
10230-585: The neighbouring states of Odisha , Bihar , and Jharkhand , and sizeable minorities of Bengali speakers reside in Indian cities outside Bengal, including Delhi , Mumbai , Thane , Varanasi , and Vrindavan . There are also significant Bengali-speaking communities in the Middle East , the United States , Singapore , Malaysia , Australia , Canada , the United Kingdom , and Italy . The 3rd article of
10340-446: The other 23 matches ended in draws, from which 3 matches were abandoned. The two clubs first met during the 1973 Dhaka Football League. Abahani defeated favourites Mohammedan 2–0 causing an upset. Amalesh Sen and Kazi Salahuddin scored the goals. In the return game during the league, with Mohammedan SC leading 1–0, a fight broke between fans and players, and the match was called off with Abahani withdrawing. In September 1982, during
10450-514: The parliament of Bangladesh and the legislative assembly of West Bengal proposed that Bengali be made an official UN language. As of January 2023, no further action has been yet taken on this matter. However, in 2022, the UN did adopt Bangla as an unofficial language, after a resolution tabled by India. In 2024, the government of India conferred Bengali with the status of classical language . Approximate distribution of native Bengali speakers (assuming
10560-607: The previous year, was made the head coach replacing Ali Imam , who had just won them successive league titles. Ali Imam took charge of Brothers Union, determined to take revenge. Nonetheless, new system allowed Abahani to beat Brothers Union to the title, as even after finishing behind Brothers during the normal league stage, Abahani were unbeaten in the Super League, thus completing their domestic league hattrick. A year before Salahuddin had retired, Abahani brought in striker Sheikh Mohammad Aslam from Mohammedan, Aslam went onto terrorize
10670-404: The re-organisation of Iqbal Sporting Club in 1972 by Sheikh Kamal , the eldest son of the founding father of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman . The club was converted into a Limited company in 1989. Abahani Limited Dhaka is regarded as one of the country's most renowned and well supported clubs. Since arriving in the domestic football scene, the club has formed a long enduring rivalry with
10780-449: The record sixth time, after they edged Sheikh Jamal DC 2–0 to confirm their second straight title with a game in hand. The club dedicated the title to their lifelong coach and former player Amalesh Sen , who died in October 2017. During the 2017–18 season, Abahani again managed to win the domestic double. On 26 June 2019, Masih Saighani 's stoppage time winner against Minerva Punjab during
10890-732: The rest of the football and cricket practice fields. The football stadium is rumored to have a capacity around 15,000, while it would also have its own media box and dressing room for both home and away teams. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules . Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. ‡ – Interim P – Total of played matches W – Won matches D – Drawn matches L – Lost matches GS – Goal scored GA – Goals against %W – Percentage of matches won Asia Africa North America League Cup Bengali language Bengali , also known by its endonym Bangla ( বাংলা , Bāṅlā , [ˈbaŋla] ),
11000-413: The second most successful club in Bangladesh top-tier league history, with the first being rivals Dhaka Mohammedan SC. The club has won both Federation Cup (12 times) and the Independence Cup (2 times) trophies. They have also enjoyed success in both continental and subcontinental football, winning 3 trophies (Charms Cup, Bordoloi Trophy and Sait Nagjee Trophy ) from India, while in 2019, Abhani became
11110-427: The so-called "inherent" vowel [ɔ] is first expunged from the consonant before adding the vowel, but this intermediate expulsion of the inherent vowel is not indicated in any visual manner on the basic consonant sign ম [mɔ] . The vowel graphemes in Bengali can take two forms: the independent form found in the basic inventory of the script and the dependent, abridged, allograph form (as discussed above). To represent
11220-498: The stadium from all over the country, and has numerous records of brwals breaking out among the fans. Since 2022, the 15,000 capacity Sylhet District Stadium is being used as Abahani's home venue. The club shares the stadium with Rahmatganj MFS , during the league campaign. Before the 2018 Bangabandhu Cup the stadium went througnt half-month long renovation, with installations of sheds on gallery and digital board. The Sylhet stadium also regularly hosts international matches, for both
11330-536: The superposed chôndrôbindu (ঁ) , denoting a suprasegmental for nasalisation of vowels (as in চাঁদ [tʃãd] "moon"), the postposed ônusbar (ং) indicating the velar nasal [ŋ] (as in বাংলা [baŋla] "Bengali") and the postposed bisôrgô (ঃ) indicating the voiceless glottal fricative [h] (as in উঃ! [uh] "ouch!") or the gemination of the following consonant (as in দুঃখ [dukʰːɔ] "sorrow"). The Bengali consonant clusters ( যুক্তব্যঞ্জন juktôbênjôn ) are usually realised as ligatures, where
11440-466: The title, by scoring 12 league goals under club legends Satyajit Das Rupu and Amalesh Sen who served as the team manager and head coach respectively. The same coaching staff managed to stir Abahani to consecutive league titles the following year. After securing the 2010 Federation Cup trophy, Amalesh Sen's Abahani side became the first club to win hattrick B.League titles with their 2009–10 Bangladesh League triumph, and striker Enamul Haque also became
11550-401: The transfer of 19 year-old teenage sensation Monem Munna . Abahani managed to retain the Federation Cup, but lost out the league title to Mohammedan once again. Going into the last game of the season against Mohammedan, Abahani only needed a point to secure the title, however, among all the star players present, it was veteran midfielder and longtime Abahani servant Khurshid Alam Babul , who won
11660-484: The visible matra and an invisible baseline). There is yet to be a uniform standard collating sequence (sorting order of graphemes to be used in dictionaries, indices, computer sorting programs, etc.) of Bengali graphemes. Experts in both Bangladesh and India are currently working towards a common solution for this problem. Throughout history, there have been instances of the Bengali language being written in different scripts, though these employments were never popular on
11770-435: The vocabulary may differ according to the speaker's religion: Muslims are more likely to use words of Persian and Arabic origin, along with more words naturally derived from Sanskrit ( tadbhava ), whereas Hindus are more likely to use tatsama (words directly borrowed from Sanskrit). For example: The phonemic inventory of standard Bengali consists of 29 consonants and 7 vowels, as well as 7 nasalised vowels . The inventory
11880-471: Was a major boost as he scored 14 goals during their unbeaten 1977 league triumph and again in 1978, helping Abahani retain the title. The 1980s saw Abahani and Mohammedan dominate the First Division and their rivalry reach its peak. In the 70s the club did not have an established fanbase but over the following years the "Sky Blue Brigade " was established, rivalling the millions of Mohammedan supporters in
11990-554: Was a part of the Greater Magadhan realm. The local varieties had no official status during the Gupta Empire , and with Bengal increasingly becoming a hub of Sanskrit literature for Hindu priests, the vernacular of Bengal gained a lot of influence from Sanskrit. Magadhi Prakrit was also spoken in modern-day Bihar and Assam , and this vernacular eventually evolved into Ardha Magadhi . Ardha Magadhi began to give way to what
12100-597: Was extensively developed during the Bengali Renaissance and is one of the most prolific and diverse literary traditions in Asia. The Bengali language movement from 1948 to 1956 demanding that Bengali be an official language of Pakistan fostered Bengali nationalism in East Bengal leading to the emergence of Bangladesh in 1971. In 1999, UNESCO recognised 21 February as International Mother Language Day in recognition of
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