Awareness, in philosophy and psychology , is a perception or knowledge of something. The concept is often synonymous to consciousness . However, one can be aware of something without being explicitly conscious of it, such as in the case of blindsight .
47-447: Aware is the adjectival form of awareness , the perception of or reaction to an event. It may also refer to: AWARE may be the acronym for: Awareness may refer to: Awareness The states of awareness are also associated with the states of experience so that the structure represented in awareness is mirrored in the structure of experience. Awareness is a relative concept . It may refer to an internal state, such as
94-411: A feeling that they cannot label or describe, a phenomenon that is especially common in pre-verbal infants. Due to this discovery, medical definitions of brain death as a lack of cortical activity face a serious challenge. Throughout the brain stem, there are interconnected regions that regulate eye movement that are also involved in organizing information about what to do next, such as reaching for
141-400: A friend, peripheral awareness will allow for alertness to potential hazards such as cars or pedestrians coming into proximity that may not have been noticed otherwise. Studies have shown having peripheral awareness enhances overall cognition. By improving peripheral awareness, overall quality of life and productivity will subsequently be improved. Popular ideas about consciousness suggest
188-432: A perspective that cognition is a process present at organic levels that we do not usually consider to be aware. Given the possible relationship between awareness and cognition , and consciousness , this theory contributes an interesting perspective in the philosophical and scientific dialogue of awareness and living systems theory . In cooperative settings, awareness is a term used to denote "knowledge created through
235-457: A piece of food or pursuing a potential mate. The ability to consciously detect an image when presented at near-threshold stimulus varies across presentations. One factor is "baseline shifts", due to top down attention that modulates ongoing brain activity in sensory cortex areas that affects the neural processing of subsequent perceptual judgments. Such top down biasing can occur through two distinct processes: an attention driven baseline shift in
282-412: A range of impairments including locked-in syndrome . Duret haemorrhages are areas of bleeding in the midbrain and upper pons due to a downward traumatic displacement of the brainstem. Cysts known as syrinxes can affect the brainstem, in a condition, called syringobulbia . These fluid-filled cavities can be congenital, acquired or the result of a tumor. Criteria for claiming brainstem death in
329-467: A set of characteristics: Different categories of awareness have been suggested based on the type of information being obtained or maintained: These categories are not mutually exclusive, as there can be significant overlap in what a particular type of awareness might be considered. Rather, these categories serve to help understand what knowledge might be conveyed by a particular type of awareness or how that knowledge might be conveyed. Workspace awareness
376-448: A visceral feeling, or on external events by way of sensory perception. It is analogous to sensing something, a process distinguished from observing and perceiving (which involves a basic process of acquainting with the items we perceive). Awareness can be described as something that occurs when the brain is activated in certain ways, such as when the color red is seen once the retina is stimulated by light waves . This conceptualization
423-420: Is also of prime importance in the conveyance of motor and sensory pathways from the rest of the brain to the body, and from the body back to the brain. These pathways include the corticospinal tract (motor function), the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway ( fine touch , vibration sensation , and proprioception ), and the spinothalamic tract ( pain , temperature, itch, and crude touch ). The parts of
470-506: Is clinically measured by the ability to follow commands -either verbally, or behaviorally. Awareness was detected by asking participants to imagine hitting a tennis ball and to imagine walking from room to room in their house while in the scanner. Using this technique, a patient who fulfilled all of the clinical criteria for the vegetative state was shown to be covertly aware and able to willfully respond to commands by looking at their brain activity. Some scientists have proposed that awareness
517-457: Is closely related and in some ways synonymous with attention while others have argued that they are different. There is evidence to demonstrate that awareness and attention have distinct neural correlates, though the majority of research analyses the attention, awareness, and perception of only visual stimuli. [REDACTED] The dictionary definition of presence of mind at Wiktionary Brain stem The brainstem (or brain stem )
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#1732875803250564-451: Is composed of paired cerebral peduncles . These transmit axons of upper motor neurons . The midbrain consists of: The pons lies between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata . It is separated from the midbrain by the superior pontine sulcus , and from the medulla by the inferior pontine sulcus . It contains tracts that carry signals from the cerebrum to the medulla and to the cerebellum and also tracts that carry sensory signals to
611-427: Is crucial in this process. Modern systems theory maintains that humans, as living systems, not only have awareness of their environment but also self-awareness particularly with their capability for logic and curiosity. Efforts to describe consciousness in neurological terms have focused on describing networks in the brain that develop awareness of the qualia developed by other networks. As awareness provides
658-437: Is gaining momentum with the growth of ubiquitous computing. First defined by networked work positions ( network location awareness ), it has been extended to mobile phones and other mobile communicable entities. The term covers a common interest in whereabouts of remote entities, especially individuals and their cohesion in operation. The term of context awareness is a superset including the concept of location awareness. It extends
705-428: Is involved in special sensation. Moving rostrally, the inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncles are found connecting the midbrain to the cerebellum. Directly rostral to the superior cerebellar peduncle, there is the superior medullary velum and then the two trochlear nerves. This marks the end of the pons as the inferior colliculus is directly rostral and marks the caudal midbrain. Middle cerebellar peduncle
752-404: Is located inferior and lateral to the superior cerebellar peduncle, connecting pons to the cerebellum. Likewise, inferior cerebellar peduncle is found connecting the medulla oblongata to the cerebellum. The main supply of blood to the brainstem is provided by the basilar arteries and the vertebral arteries . The human brainstem emerges from two of the three primary brain vesicles formed of
799-561: Is of particular interest to the CSCW community, due to the transition of workspaces from physical to virtual environments. While the type of awareness above refers to knowledge a person might need in a particular situation, context awareness and location awareness refer to information a computer system might need in a particular situation. These concepts of large importance especially for AAA ( authentication , authorization , accounting ) applications. The term of location awareness still
846-502: Is posited due to the difficulty in developing an analytic definition of awareness or sensory awareness. Awareness is also associated with consciousness in the sense that it denotes a fundamental experience such as a feeling or intuition that accompanies the experience of phenomena. Specifically, this is referred to as awareness of experience. Mocenni C. and Bizzarri F. wrote: "The awareness literature can be organized around three core concepts: cognitive awareness, which corresponds to
893-439: Is the posterior stalk-like part of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord . In the human brain the brainstem is composed of the midbrain , the pons , and the medulla oblongata . The midbrain is continuous with the thalamus of the diencephalon through the tentorial notch , and sometimes the diencephalon is included in the brainstem. The brainstem is very small, making up around only 2.6 percent of
940-416: The alpha waves , and a decision bias reflected in gamma waves . Outside of the field of neuroscience , Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela contributed their Santiago theory of cognition in which they wrote: Living systems are cognitive systems, and living as a process is a process of cognition. This statement is valid for all organisms, with or without a nervous system. This theory contributes
987-466: The diencephalon . The superior colliculus is positioned above the inferior colliculus, and marks the rostral midbrain. It is involved in the special sense of vision and sends its superior brachium to the lateral geniculate body of the diencephalon. The tegmentum which forms the floor of the midbrain, is ventral to the cerebral aqueduct . Several nuclei , tracts , and the reticular formation are contained here. The ventral tegmental area (VTA)
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#17328758032501034-506: The medullary pyramids . The pyramids contain the fibers of the corticospinal tract (also called the pyramidal tract), or the upper motor neuronal axons as they head inferiorly to synapse on lower motor neuronal cell bodies within the anterior grey column of the spinal cord . The anterolateral sulcus is lateral to the pyramids. Emerging from the anterolateral sulci are the CN XII ( hypoglossal nerve ) rootlets. Lateral to these rootlets and
1081-401: The neural tube . The mesencephalon is the second of the three primary vesicles, and does not further differentiate into a secondary brain vesicle . This will become the midbrain. The third primary vesicle, the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) will further differentiate into two secondary vesicles, the metencephalon and the myelencephalon . The metencephalon will become the cerebellum and
1128-451: The thalamus . The pons is connected to the cerebellum by the cerebellar peduncles . The pons houses the respiratory pneumotaxic center and apneustic center that make up the pontine respiratory group in the respiratory center . The pons co-ordinates activities of the cerebellar hemispheres . The pons and medulla oblongata are parts of the hindbrain that form much of the brainstem. The medulla oblongata , often just referred to as
1175-544: The UK have developed in order to make the decision of when to stop ventilation of somebody who could not otherwise sustain life. These determining factors are that the patient is irreversibly unconscious and incapable of breathing unaided. All other possible causes must be ruled out that might otherwise indicate a temporary condition. The state of irreversible brain damage has to be unequivocal. There are brainstem reflexes that are checked for by two senior doctors so that imaging technology
1222-414: The accurate and deep individual's understanding of one's perception and thinking. The second perspective argues that awareness is multilevel considering both conscious and unconscious, with an end-stage of awareness... The third considers awareness concerning the recognition of the feelings of others ." Peripheral awareness refers to the human ability to process information regarding all five senses at
1269-538: The anterolateral sulci are the olives . The olives are swellings in the medulla containing underlying inferior nucleary nuclei (containing various nuclei and afferent fibers). Lateral (and dorsal) to the olives are the rootlets for CN IX ( glossopharyngeal ), CN X ( vagus ) and CN XI ( accessory nerve ). The pyramids end at the pontine medulla junction, noted most obviously by the large basal pons . From this junction, CN VI ( abducens nerve ), CN VII ( facial nerve ) and CN VIII ( vestibulocochlear nerve ) emerge. At
1316-576: The awareness to context features of an operational target as well as to the context of an operational area. Covert awareness is the knowledge of something without knowing it. The word covert means not openly shown, engaged in. Some patients with specific brain damage are, for example unable to tell if a pencil is horizontal or vertical. Patients who are clinically in a vegetative state (show no awareness of their surroundings) are found to have no awareness but they are able to sometimes detect covert awareness with neuro imaging (fMRI). The presence of awareness
1363-432: The beginning of the central canal . The posterior intermediate sulcus separates the gracile fasciculus from the cuneate fasciculus. Lateral to the cuneate fasciculus is the lateral funiculus . Superior to the obex is the floor of the fourth ventricle . In the floor of the fourth ventricle, various nuclei can be visualized by the small bumps that they make in the overlying tissue. In the midline and directly superior to
1410-667: The brain can assimilate. Within an attenuated system of awareness, a mind might be aware of much more than is being contemplated in a focused extended consciousness . Basic awareness of one's internal and external world depends on the brain stem . Bjorn Merker , an independent neuroscientist in Stockholm, Sweden, argues that the brain stem supports an elementary form of conscious thought in infants with hydranencephaly . "Higher" forms of awareness, including self-awareness , require cortical contributions, but "primary consciousness" or "basic awareness" as an ability to integrate sensations from
1457-420: The brain's total weight. It has the critical roles of regulating heart and respiratory function, helping to control heart rate and breathing rate . It also provides the main motor and sensory nerve supply to the face and neck via the cranial nerves . Ten pairs of cranial nerves come from the brainstem. Other roles include the regulation of the central nervous system and the body's sleep cycle . It
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1504-413: The brainstem are the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata; the diencephalon is sometimes considered part of the brainstem. The brainstem extends from just above the tentorial notch superiorly to the first cervical vertebra below the foramen magnum inferiorly. The midbrain is further subdivided into three parts: tectum , tegmentum , and the ventral tegmental area . The tectum forms
1551-428: The ceiling. The tectum comprises the paired structure of the superior and inferior colliculi and is the dorsal covering of the cerebral aqueduct . The inferior colliculus is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several peripheral brainstem nuclei, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex. Its inferior brachium (arm-like process) reaches to the medial geniculate nucleus of
1598-432: The environment with one's immediate goals and feelings in order to guide behavior springs from the brain stem which human beings share with most vertebrates . Psychologist Carroll Izard emphasizes that this form of primary consciousness consists of the capacity to generate emotions and awareness of one's surroundings, but not an ability to talk about what one has experienced. In the same way, people can become conscious of
1645-420: The facial nerve nuclei. Instead, they have facial nerve axons traversing superficial to underlying abducens (CN VI) nuclei. Lateral to all these bumps previously discussed is an indented line, or sulcus that runs rostrally, and is known as the sulcus limitans . This separates the medial motor neurons from the lateral sensory neurons. Lateral to the sulcus limitans is the area of the vestibular system , which
1692-459: The function of cranial nerves that may lead to visual disturbances, pupil abnormalities, changes in sensation, muscle weakness, hearing problems, vertigo, swallowing and speech difficulty, voice change, and co-ordination problems. Localizing neurological lesions in the brainstem may be very precise, although it relies on a clear understanding on the functions of brainstem anatomical structures and how to test them. Brainstem stroke syndrome can cause
1739-417: The interaction of an agent and its environment — in simple terms 'knowing what is going on'". In this setting, awareness is meant to convey how individuals monitor and perceive the information surrounding their colleagues and the environment they are in. This information is incredibly useful and critical to the performance and success of collaborations. Awareness can be further defined by breaking it down into
1786-455: The level of the midpons, CN V (the trigeminal nerve ) emerges. Cranial nerve III (the oculomotor nerve ) emerges ventrally from the midbrain, while the CN IV (the trochlear nerve ) emerges out from the dorsal aspect of the midbrain. Between the two pyramids can be seen a decussation of fibers which marks the transition from the medulla to the spinal cord. The medulla is above the decussation and
1833-440: The materials from which one develops subjective ideas about their experience, it is said that one is aware of one's own awareness state. This organization of awareness of one's own inner experience is given a central role in self-regulation . Neural systems that regulate attention serve to attenuate awareness among complex animals whose central and peripheral nervous systems provide more information than cognitive areas of
1880-436: The medulla at the pontomedullary junction. This region is supplied by the joining of the basilar , vertebral arteries . The posterior inferior cerebellar artery also joins from which a large number of perforating arteries arise. Lateral spinal arteries also emerge to supply the posterior surface of the medulla oblongata. In the medial part of the medulla is the anterior median fissure . Moving laterally on each side are
1927-418: The medulla, is the lower half of the brainstem continuous with the spinal cord. Its upper part is continuous with the pons. The medulla contains the cardiac , dorsal and ventral respiratory groups , and vasomotor centres, dealing with heart rate , breathing and blood pressure . Another important medullary structure is the area postrema whose functions include the control of vomiting . The pons meets
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1974-427: The midbrain. The nuclei of the trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve (VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) are located in the pons. The nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), accessory nerve (XI) and hypoglossal nerve (XII) are located in the medulla. The fibers of these cranial nerves exit the brainstem from these nuclei. Diseases of the brainstem can result in abnormalities in
2021-456: The obex is the vagal trigone and superior to that it the hypoglossal trigone . Underlying each of these are motor nuclei for the respective cranial nerves. Superior to these trigones are fibers running laterally in both directions. These fibers are known collectively as the striae medullares . Continuing in a rostral direction, the large bumps are called the facial colliculi. Each facial colliculus , contrary to their names, do not contain
2068-423: The periphery of attention, such as acknowledging the distant sounds of people outside while sitting indoors and concentrating on a specific task, such as reading. Peripheral vision is defined as the perception of visual stimuli at or near the edge of the field of vision. This type of awareness allows one to be prepared to respond to unexpected events. For example, when walking down a busy street while talking to
2115-404: The phenomenon describes self-awareness, the condition of being aware of oneself. Modern systems theory , which offers insights into how the world works through an understanding that all systems follow system rules, approaches self-awareness within its understanding of how large complex living systems work. According to Gregory Bateson , the mind is the dynamics of self-organization and awareness
2162-464: The pons. The more caudal myelencephalon will become the medulla . The brainstem plays important functions in breathing , heart rate , arousal / consciousness , sleep / wake functions and attention / concentration. There are three main functions of the brainstem: Ten of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves either target or are sourced from the brainstem nuclei. The nuclei of the oculomotor nerve (III) and trochlear nerve (IV) are located in
2209-424: The spinal cord below. The most medial part of the medulla is the posterior median sulcus . Moving laterally on each side is the gracile fasciculus , and lateral to that is the cuneate fasciculus . Superior to each of these, and directly inferior to the obex , are the gracile and cuneate tubercles, respectively. Underlying these are their respective nuclei. The obex marks the end of the fourth ventricle and
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