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153-599: In 2008, the Conservative government eliminated CA$ 300,000 in funding for the Trust, leading to its merger with the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television in 2009–10. In 1994, a task force for the "Preservation and Enhanced Use of Canada’s Audiovisual Heritage," made up of archival expert across the country—including those from the then- National Archives of Canada —published a report in which they recommended, among other things,

306-849: A CANZUK agreement that would enable mobilization of goods, trade and people between Canada , Australia , New Zealand and the United Kingdom . The party is also supportive of Israel ; Conservative leaders Andrew Scheer and Erin O'Toole have both expressed support for moving Canada's embassy to Jerusalem . The party also supports taking a tough stance against the People's Republic of China and has pledged to prevent China from entering Canada's 5G Networks. The party also calls on Canada to encourage other Western nations to prevent Chinese government backed corporations from accessing and taking control of important media, energy, internet, defense and security related infrastructure. The party supports maintaining

459-718: A cinematograph in Saint-Laurent, Quebec , on 27 June 1896. Prior to the discovery of the Saint-Laurent showing by Germain Lacasse in 1984, it was believed that a showing conducted by Andrew M. Holland and George C. Holland, where films by Thomas A. Edison, Inc. such as The Kiss were shown, in Ottawa , from 21 July to 28 August 1896, was the first. The Saint-Laurent showing was overlooked as English researchers did not search through French sources. Léo-Ernest Ouimet stated that he attended

612-661: A film school leading to the creation of the Canadian Film Centre by Norman Jewison . The CFDC started investing up to 50% of its budget into films that cost less than $ 500,000. Explosion was the first film to receive financial support from the CFDC. Valérie by Denis Héroux , which was not financially supported by the CFDC, was made at cost of $ 70,000 and made over $ 1 million in Quebec. The CFDC financially supported Héroux's other films Here and Now (L'Initiation) , Love in

765-478: A " big tent " party, practising "brokerage politics" and welcoming a broad variety of members, including " Red Tories " and " Blue Tories ". From Canadian Confederation in 1867 until 1942, the original Conservative Party of Canada formed numerous governments and had multiple names. However, by 1942, the main right-wing Canadian force became known as the Progressive Conservative Party. In

918-489: A "hidden agenda". Ultimately, Harper's new Conservatives emerged from the election with a much larger parliamentary caucus of 99 MPs while the Liberals were reduced to a minority government of 135 MPs, twenty short of a majority. In 2005, some political analysts such as former Progressive Conservative pollster Allan Gregg and Toronto Star columnist Chantal Hébert suggested that the then-subsequent election could result in

1071-618: A 300% return on investment. Despite the success of the film Canadian Photoplays did not produce another film and went into voluntary liquidation. He signed a contract with Ralph Connor in 1919, and formed Dominion Films, based in New York, to produce films in Winnipeg. Winnipeg Productions was formed to adapt twelve of Connor's stories, but only five were filmed. Shipman created five companies across Canada in 1922, but only three produced films. He incorporated New Brunswick Films on 23 August 1922, but

1224-707: A Conservative government if the public were to perceive the Tories as emerging from the party's founding convention (then scheduled for March 2005 in Montreal) with clearly defined, moderate policies with which to challenge the Liberals. The convention provided the public with an opportunity to see the Conservative Party in a new light, appearing to have reduced the focus on its controversial social conservative agenda. It retained its fiscal conservative appeal by espousing tax cuts, smaller government, and more decentralization by giving

1377-561: A Four Letter World , Virgin Lovers , and Two Women in Gold (Deux Femmes en or) . Deux Femmes en or was financially successful, with its two million ticket sales remaining the highest in Canadian history, and became the highest grossing Canadian film. The $ 10 million budget was used by October 1971, after the CFDC invested $ 6.7 million into 64 films with an average cost of $ 250,000 per film. The CFDC

1530-545: A French animation unit in 1966, which included Laurent Coderre and Bernard Longpré . Le village enchanté was the first recorded animated feature film in Canadian history and Return to Oz which was based on Tales of the Wizard of Oz , the first recorded Canadian animated television series , was the second recorded animated feature film. In the 1960s filmmakers came from universities throughout Canada. David Cronenberg , Clarke Mackey , and David Secter graduated from

1683-611: A Way , If You Love This Planet , and Flamenco at 5:15 ). Starting in 1954, the Capital Cost Allowance was able to be used for a 60% tax write-off for film investment and the amount was increased to 100% in 1974. $ 1.2 billion was invested in Canadian film and television in the thirteen years following the increase. The average film budget rose from $ 527,000 to $ 2.6 million in 1979, and $ 3.5 million in 1986. From 1958 to 1967, private film investment accounted for 18% of film investments and it declined to 13.5% in 1968, while

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1836-478: A brief criticizing a government monopoly, with the NFB's crown corporation request being referred to as an "expansionist, monopolistic psychology", and that they were unable to compete with the NFB as it paid no taxes and was exempt from tariffs. The commission's report supported the NFB and its requests for Crown corporation status and a headquarters were accepted. A Canadian tour by Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip

1989-757: A defeat of the motion in the House of Commons stated it would not seek to reopen it. In 2016, the Conservatives amended the party constitution to recognize and support same-sex marriage. The Conservative leadership has supported changing the law to allow men who have sex with men to donate blood . The party wants to keep the "Fiscal Balance" (which it introduced in its 2007 Budget while in government) in place and eliminate national debt. It also supports more simplified tax codes, controls on government spending and reductions in both personal and business taxes. Former party leader Erin O'Toole has listed economic recovery following

2142-580: A film licensing system based on their recommendations. American distributors opposed the policy and lobbied the American government through the MPAA and its president, Jack Valenti . Valenti met with President Ronald Reagan at least twice and Reagan criticized the legislation of a US-Canadian economic summit. 54 members of the United States Congress signed a letter to Prime Minister Brian Mulroney opposing

2295-427: A large enough market for an independent feature film industry. He supported working with American film companies and stated that "the theatre film business is an international business, dependent when it comes to distribution on an alliance or understanding with American film interests". He travelled to Hollywood in 1944, and the NFB sent scripts to American companies for consideration. Grierson lacked strong support in

2448-607: A letter with signatures from 35 Conservative MPs calling for a leadership review on O'Toole's leadership to the Conservative caucus chair, Scott Reid . In the letter, Benzen criticized O'Toole's reversal on repealing the Liberal government's carbon tax and assault weapons ban. On February 2, 2022, O'Toole was removed as leader by a margin of 73 to 45 votes. Then-deputy leader of the Conservative Party Candice Bergen

2601-453: A low carbon savings account. In contrast to his two predecessors as leader, O'Toole is pro-choice and supports same-sex marriage. Prime Minister Trudeau called the September 2021 federal election in the hopes of winning a majority government, though in the middle of the campaign O'Toole's Conservatives were tied with the Liberals, if not slightly ahead of the Liberals in the polls . During

2754-519: A margin of 96 percent to 4 percent in a national referendum conducted by postal ballot. On December 6, the PC Party held a series of regional conventions, at which delegates ratified the Agreement-in-Principle by a margin of 90% to 10%. On December 7, the new party was officially registered with Elections Canada . Senator John Lynch-Staunton , a PC, was named interim leader, pending the outcome of

2907-801: A merger with the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television . In the past, the Astral Restoration Program , introduced in 2000, has worked with the Cinémathèque québécoise and the Toronto International Film Festival Group to restore and re-release films. In 2008, the Program announced plans to create High-Definition digital versions of 12 classic films, including MasterWorks honorees Les Bons Débarras (1980) and Thirty Two Short Films About Glenn Gould (1993). The Feature Film Education and Access Program ( FFEAP )

3060-631: A monopoly. Grierson was also accused of being involved, but was proven not to be although he resigned as commissioner in 1945. McLean was ordered to assist the Royal Canadian Mounted Police screen NFB employees and the RCMP requested him to fire a list of employees. McLean, who refused to fire any employees without their disloyalty being proven, was not reappointed as commissioner and replaced by William Arthur Irwin in 1950. Irwin also refused to fire employees without proven disloyalty and reduced

3213-529: A place for the film industry due to the quality of its films, distance between major urban areas, and different electrical systems. Early films were used to as promotional material for companies, promote immigration, or displays of scenic locations including Niagara Falls . The Edison Company created some of the first films in Canada by documenting the Klondike Gold Rush , Canadian soldiers leaving to fight in

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3366-420: A relatively young party with a mixed political heritage and history, the federal Conservatives are often described as a " big tent " party in a similar manner to the federal Canadian Liberals by encompassing members and voters who hold a variety of philosophies, ideas and stances, albeit sitting within the centre-right to the right-wing of the political spectrum. Broadly, the party is defined as practicing

3519-617: A result, party members were undecided on whether he should continue as leader. On October 5, the Conservative caucus voted to adopt the provisions of the Reform Act , giving caucus the power to trigger a leadership review . O'Toole denied that it represented a threat to his leadership, insisting that the caucus was united as a team and that, as a supporter of the Act, he had encouraged his caucus to adopt all of its provisions. On January 31, 2022, Conservative Calgary Heritage MP Bob Benzen submitted

3672-496: A say in National Parole Board decisions. The party also supports the creation of a cross-federal task force to tackle organized crime, human trafficking and threats to national security. Some Conservative MPs are in favour of the death penalty. The Conservative Party has both members and MPs who favour abortion rights and members who oppose them. In the past, more Conservative members have been against abortion. However,

3825-584: A shooting location and to bypass British film quota laws, throughout its history. Canadian filmmakers, English and French , have been active in the development of cinema in the United States . Films by Thomas A. Edison, Inc. were some of the first to arrive in Canada and early films made in the country were produced by Edison Studios . Canadian Pacific Railway and other railways supported early filmmaking including James Freer , whose Ten Years in Manitoba

3978-452: A stricter policy on illegal immigration by amending the " Safe Third Country Agreement " and the reintroduction of visa requirements for Mexico. The Conservative Party generally supports a tough law and order stance. Presently, the party argues for a national register for convicted child sexual offenders, stricter sentences against repeat offenders, ending early release for violent felons and believes that victims of violent crime should have

4131-500: A theatre owner, controlled the largest private film studio in Canada, Toronto International Film Studios, two distribution companies, International Film Distributors and Allied Artists Pictures, a television station, CJOH-DT , and multiple production companies. He entered film production with The Mask in 1961. Taylor, unlike other members of the AMPPLC, supported state involvement in feature film production. Bryant Fryer founded one of

4284-422: Is "non-partisan, welcoming and well-managed" that encourages merit-based immigration and enticement of skilled workers to Canada to boost the economy whilst also taking a zero tolerance stance on illegal immigration and ensuring that immigrants speak English or French. The Conservatives also want to streamline the process of granting Canadian citizenship to foreign born children adopted by Canadian nationals, speed up

4437-615: Is a social conservative; he is personally pro-life and opposes same-sex marriage, though like Harper, he stated he would not attempt to overturn the legality of both laws. The Conservative Party entered the October 2019 federal election campaign neck-in-neck with the Liberals after the SNC-Lavalin affair earlier that year involving Justin Trudeau, but the election resulted in a Liberal minority government victory. The Conservatives did, however, win

4590-407: Is the earliest known colour film shown in Canada. The development of a Canadian film industry was hampered by the country's low population density, it had six million inhabitants and only Toronto and Montreal had more than 100,000 people in 1905, and the lack of domestic vaudeville as most of the acts came from the United States, United Kingdom, and France. Andrew Holland was critical of Canada as

4743-583: The 1993 federal election , the PC Party's Western Canadian support transferred to the Reform Party. When it became clear that neither the PC Party nor the Reform Party or Canadian Alliance (the latter being the successor to the Reform Party) could beat the incumbent Liberals that had governed since the 1993 election, an effort to unite the right-of-centre parties emerged. In 2003, the Canadian Alliance and

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4896-444: The 2003 Progressive Conservative Leadership convention , excluded any such merger. Orchard announced his opposition to the merger before negotiations with the Canadian Alliance had been completed. Over the course of the following year, Orchard led an unsuccessful legal challenge to the merger of the two parties. In October and November, during the course of the PC party's process of ratifying

5049-413: The 2015 federal election , after nearly a decade in power, the Conservatives were defeated by Justin Trudeau and his Liberal Party. Harper stepped down as leader on the election day on October 19. Journalist John Ibbitson of The Globe and Mail described Harper as "the most conservative leader Canada has ever known." Following the election of the Liberals and Harper's resignation as party leader in

5202-655: The Bloc Québécois led to the calling of the October 2008 federal election , in which the Conservatives won a stronger minority. Shortly after, the Conservatives fought off a vote of non-confidence by a potential governing coalition of opposition parties by proroguing parliament . In his second term, Harper's government responded to the global recession of 2007–2008 by introducing the Economic Action Plan that implemented major personal income tax cuts. However, these tax cuts, along with increases in spending to combat

5355-574: The COVID-19 pandemic as a core priority for Canada. The party also supports abolishing the Carbon Tax. At the party's March 2021 policy convention, delegates voted to reject a proposal to expand the party's existing climate change policies to include a statement that climate change is real. The Conservative Party presently supports Canada's involvement in NATO and international trade agreements, including

5508-501: The Constitution of Canada signed in 1982. This led to a huge landslide victory for the Progressive Conservative Party. In the late 1980s and 1990s, federal conservative politics became split by the creation of a new western-based protest party, the populist and social conservative Reform Party of Canada created by Preston Manning , the son of an Alberta Social Credit premier, Ernest Manning . Westerners reportedly felt betrayed by

5661-523: The First Red Scare . Adanac was reorganized in 1919, with Brownridge as its managing director and Denis Tansey , a member of parliament, as its president. The Great Shadow was released in 1920, after being filmed in Canada rather than New York as Brownridge wanted to create a domestic film industry, and was a critical and financial success although the CPR pulled its public support before its release. However,

5814-543: The National Film Finance Corporation and Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée . The Interdepartmental Committee on the Possible Development of a Feature Film Industry in Canada, under the leadership of NFB commissioner Roberge, was formed by the secretary of state. The committee submitted a report to the 19th Canadian Ministry for the creation of a loan fund to aid the development of

5967-621: The Progressive Conservative Party after 1942. Like its historical predecessors and conservative parties in some other Commonwealth nations (such as the Conservative Party of the United Kingdom ), members of the present-day Conservative Party of Canada are sometimes referred to as "Tories". The modern Conservative Party of Canada is also legal heir to the heritage of the historical conservative parties by virtue of assuming

6120-515: The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario , and Mayor of Brampton Patrick Brown , former Conservative MP Leona Alleslev , former BC MLA and Conservative MP Marc Dalton , and former Huntsville mayor and Conservative MP Scott Aitchison announced their candidacies for the leadership. On May 2, 2022, the Party announced that the six verified candidates for the leadership would be Aitchison, Baber, Brown, Charest, Lewis, Poilievre. On July 6, 2022,

6273-577: The Québécois nation motion which would "recognize Quebec as a nation within a united Canada." Despite its social conservative past in the Canadian Alliance, the government did not attempt to reverse the same-sex marriage law implemented by the Martin government nor did it attempt to make changes to abortion laws . Deadlock between the Conservatives and the Liberals, the New Democratic Party , and

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6426-507: The Second Boer War , and George V , the Duke of York , arriving in Canada in 1902. James Freer is believed to have been the first Canadian to produce films. He purchased an Edison camera and projector and started filming agriculture activities and Canadian Pacific Railway trains in 1897, and toured the United Kingdom with the sponsorship of the CPR in 1898, and a second less successful tour

6579-460: The Secretary of State reported that a content quota would not work as a 50% quote would generate less revenue than a 5% sales increase for foreign films. The study stated that new tax regulations and investments by the CFDC could make the Canadian film industry internationally competitive. The budget for the CFDC was limited to a few million and its budget from 1982 to 1983 was $ 4.5 million. However,

6732-703: The Toronto International Film Festival , and the multimedia celebration of In the Land of the Head Hunters (1914) at U'mista Cultural Centre . Education and access programs included the MasterWorks program, founded in 2000. The MasterWorks program provided funding to support preservation of selected works and enhanced access to works no longer in active distribution. The program recognized 12 culturally-significant audiovisual works each year, drawn from

6885-512: The University of Toronto . John Hofsess , Ivan Reitman , and Peter Rowe graduated from McMaster University . Jack Darcus and Larry Kent graduated from the University of British Columbia . Cronenberg received financial support from the CFDC and Shivers was their most successful investment, with a budget of $ 150,000 ($ 75,000 from the CFDC) and gross of $ 5 million. 708 feature films, over twice

7038-634: The War Activities Committee of the Motion Pictures Industry , was founded in 1940. NFB productions such as The World in Action was watched by 30-40 million people per month in the United Kingdom and United States in 1943, and Canada Carries On was watched by 2.25 million people by 1944. The audience for NFB newsreels reached 40-50 million per week by 1944. Grierson opposed feature film production as he believed that Canada did not have

7191-567: The World in Action newsreel being considered too left-wing. Leo Dolan, an ally of Hepburn and the head of the Canadian Government Travel Bureau, accused Grierson of being Jewish and a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation supporter. The Gouzenko Affair implicated Freda Linton, one of Grierson's secretaries, and the organization was criticized by the Progressive Conservative Party for subversive tendencies, financial waste, and being

7344-689: The long-gun registry , introduced mandatory minimum sentences for violent crimes, raised the age of consent to 16 years of age, permitted the construction of several pipelines , and withdrew Canada from the Kyoto Protocol . The government also supported the State of Israel , negotiated the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), and negotiated the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Under its first leader, Stephen Harper ,

7497-630: The long-gun registry . In foreign policy, the government passed the Anti-terrorism Act , launched Operation Impact to combat ISIL , negotiated the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with the European Union , and negotiated the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). The Conservatives also gained controversy surrounding the Canadian Senate expenses scandal and the Robocall scandal ;

7650-621: The senate to make it a fully elected chamber. While the party platform states it is open to debate over electoral reform, it also claims it will not support changing the current electoral system. The party calls for a "restoration of a constitutional balance between the federal and provincial and territorial governments" in regards to Canadian federalism. The Conservative Party also advocates offering tax incentives, increased business investment and more political autonomy to assist and integrate Indigenous Canadian communities over state affirmative action . Historically, Conservative MPs were divided on

7803-562: The 1910s and 1920s are lost. Yves Lever stated that Larente-Homier's 1922 film Madeleine de Verchères was the first truly Québécois fictional feature film. Larente-Homier's work was later destroyed by his son due to orders from the Fire Bureau as the film reels were flammable. Ernest Shipman established multiple film companies in cities and would produce a limited number of films using local money before moving to another area. Unlike other Canadian filmmakers he sought financial support from

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7956-751: The 2006 election. The government's first budget produced a nearly $ 14 billion surplus, a number slightly greater than the Martin government. The budget also drastically increased military spending and scrapped funding for the Kyoto Protocol and the Kelowna Accord . Later, the government introduced the tax-free savings account (TFSA). The government passed the Veterans' Bill of Rights , which guaranteed benefits for veterans from Veterans Affairs Canada , in addition to guaranteeing equality of veterans and referring to them as "special citizens". The government also passed

8109-494: The 2015 election, it was announced that an interim leader would be selected to serve until a new leader could be chosen. That was completed at the caucus meeting of November 5, 2015 where Rona Ambrose , MP for Sturgeon River—Parkland and a former cabinet minister, was elected by a vote of MPs and Senators. Some members of the party's national council were calling for a leadership convention as early as May 2016 according to Maclean's magazine. However, some other MPs wanted

8262-567: The Alliance, now renamed to the Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada, introduced three of its key programs: MasterWorks, the Astral Restoration Program, and the Feature Film Education and Access Program (FFEAP). Two years after the first FFEAP projects were developed, the Trust introduced the Music Memories program through a new Sound Recording Policy initiative of the federal Department of Canadian Heritage . In 2001, Universal Studios Canada and Universal Music Canada made 5-year funding commitments to programs to support heritage feature films and

8415-406: The American market. In 1919, incorporated Canadian Photoplays with a financial capital of $ 250,000 in Alberta. He started production on Wapi, the Walrus , but retitled it to Back to God's Country to capitalize God's Country and the Woman , starring his wife Nell Shipman . The film was a critical and financial success, with it grossing over $ 500,000 in its first year, and Shipman's investors saw

8568-459: The CFDC accounted for 37.5%. Following the tax write-off increase private investment rose to account for 47% of film investment between 1975 and 1978 while the CFDC declined to 15%. Silence of the North was the first film with American backing to receive CCA certification. The Film and Video Production Tax Credit replaced the Capital Cost Allowance in 1995. In 1962, Roberge proposed the creation of an organization to aid in film finance based on

8721-460: The CFDC five years to recover its first $ 1 million investment, but recovered $ 1 million in 1977 alone. From 1977 to 1978, the CFDC invested $ 1.6 million into twenty films and its investments rose to $ 10.8 million into 34 films from 1979 to 1980. Between 1968 and 1978, the organization funded 103 English-language films, but only Black Christmas , Death Weekend , Heart Farm , Shivers , and The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz were profitable to

8874-414: The CFDC. The Toronto Filmmakers' Coop, an organization with 150 filmmakers, sent a letter with the endorsement of 200 filmmakers to Gérard Pelletier asking for the creation of a content quota that required distributors to have 15% of their films be Canadian. Pelletier announced the creation of a theatre in the National Capital Region that exclusively showed Canadian films in 1972. A study published by

9027-446: The Canadian film industry in 1952 came from Crawley Films. France Film and other companies started creating French film productions in the 1930s. Maria Chapdelaine is commonly, although incorrectly, regarded as the first French-Canadian sound movie. Étienne Brûlé gibier de potence was the first colour feature film made in Quebec and the first Canadian colour film shot in English and French. Joseph-Alexandre DeSève monopolized

9180-432: The Canadian film industry. The proposal was approved in October 1965, and legislation, the Canadian Film Development Corporation Act of 1966–67, for its creation was introduced in June 1966, before being approved on 3 March 1967. The Canadian Film Development Corporation was established with a budget of $ 10 million in 1967. In February 1968, Spender was appointed as its director along with a five-member board. Canada lack of

9333-418: The Canadian government and some of his films received opposition from members of the government. Inside Fighting Russia was criticized for its support of the Russian Revolution and Balkan Powderkeg for criticizing the United Kingdom's policy in the Balkans. Grierson and the NFB were attacked during the onset of the Cold War . The Federal Bureau of Investigation created a file on Grierson in 1942, due to

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9486-422: The Canadian model of conservatism and fiscal conservatism. Some political observers have noted the two most dominant wings of the party traditionally represented Red Tory and Blue Tory ideologies, whereas others have argued that the party has become less internally defined by these labels and that the terms tend to be used by outsiders. Other smaller but visible factional beliefs espoused by individuals within

9639-416: The Conservatives less time to consolidate their merger. During the first half of the campaign, polls showed a rise in support for the new party, leading some pollsters to predict the election of a minority Conservative government. Momentum stalled after several Conservative candidates made controversial remarks about homosexuality , official bilingualism and abortion , allowing the Liberal Party to warn of

9792-402: The NFB starting in the 1940s led to the creation of an independent branch for French language productions by the 1960s. The government provided financial support to the film industry through the Capital Cost Allowance and Telefilm Canada . The first time a film was displayed in Canada, and one of the first times in North America, was at an event organized by Louis Minier and Louis Pupier using

9945-544: The NFB's first French-Canadian filmmaker in 1941, and directed La Cité de Notre-Dame , the board's first in-house French-language film, in 1942. The number of French-Canadian employees grew to seventeen by 1945, and a quarter of the board's budget was spent on French productions. The Massey Commission and Gratien Gélinas , a member of the NFB's Board of Governors, called for an improvement in French-language productions, but Premier Maurice Duplessis opposed it. In 1963, À l’heure de la décolonisation , directed by Monique Fortier,

10098-399: The National Film Act, which he drafted, was passed in 1939 causing the creation of the NFB. Grierson became the first Film Commissioner of the NFB and served until the end of World War II . Employment rose from fifty to over seven hundred from 1941 to 1945, although it was cut by 40% after the war ended. Grierson selected McLean to work as assistant commissioner and Stuart Legg to oversee

10251-401: The Official Languages Act ensuring that English and French have equality of status in Canada. It also calls for the protection of Canada's history, culture and heritage. It also supports the re-establishment of the Office of Religious Freedom. The Conservative Party constitution also supports maintaining the constitutional Monarchy of Canada . The party has called for an immigration system that

10404-408: The PCs merged, forming the Conservative Party of Canada. During the Conservative Party's governance of Canada from 2006 to 2015, its economic policies included reducing sales tax , reducing income taxes , reducing business taxes, balancing the national budget , creating the tax-free savings account (TFSA), and creating the Universal Child Care Benefit . In social policy, the government eliminated

10557-490: The Party announced that Patrick Brown had been disqualified "due to 'serious allegations of wrongdoing' that 'appear' to violate Canadian election law." In response, Brown hired lawyer Marie Henein , who requested the Party's dispute resolution appeal committee be convened. On September 10, 2022, Pierre Poilievre won the leadership on the first ballot in a landslide, winning over 68% of the points. On September 12, Poilievre gave his first speech to his caucus as leader. As

10710-434: The Quebec Minister of Agriculture , used film for education purposes and the Service de ciné-photographie was established in 1941. The War Office Cinematographic Committee, one of the first times the national government was involved in filmmaking, was formed in 1916, and was led by Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook . The committee contracted the Topical Film Company before buying a controlling share. The committee aided in

10863-462: The Reform Party) and Progressive Conservative parties agreed to merge into the present-day Conservative Party. On October 15, 2003, after closed-door meetings were held by the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative Party, Stephen Harper (then the leader of the Canadian Alliance) and Peter MacKay (then the leader of the Progressive Conservatives) announced the "'Conservative Party Agreement-in-Principle", thereby merging their parties to create

11016-585: The SNC-Lavalin affair and for his wearing of brownface and blackface ; the latter incident was made public during the election campaign. Scheer announced his pending resignation on December 12, 2019, after the CBC reported that the Conservative party had been paying part of his children's private school tuition. He remained party leader, until his successor was chosen in August 2020. A leadership election to replace Scheer

11169-484: The Senate. In March 2006, Nancy Ruth joined the new Conservative Party. In the immediate aftermath of the merger announcement, some Conservative activists hoped to recruit former Ontario premier Mike Harris for the leadership. Harris declined the invitation, as did New Brunswick premier Bernard Lord and Alberta premier Ralph Klein . Outgoing Progressive Conservative leader Peter MacKay also announced he would not seek

11322-661: The United States. The company was processing twenty-two million feet of film in per year by 1929. ASN constructed a sound stage in 1936, and produced House in Order , which was its only feature film in the 1930s. Brownridge was sent to New York in 1925 by the Ontario Motion Picture Bureau to gain a distribution contract, but only negotiated one with Cranfield and Clarke after a year of high expenses. Treasurer William Herbert Price criticized Brownridge stating that his "travelling expenses are very high and I do not see there

11475-468: The archives of the Canadian film , radio , television , and music industries, and accordingly presented in four categories: Film, Television, Radio, and Sound Recording MasterWorks. These works were then judged by a panel of experts in the archive and media communities as being "worthy of preserving for all time." Works were chosen because of their critical and popular success, or because they were seminal in their genre. The very last MasterWorks ceremony

11628-459: The assets and liabilities of the former Progressive Conservative Party upon the merger of 2003. In 1984, the Progressive Conservative Party's electoral fortunes made a massive upturn under its new leader, Brian Mulroney , who mustered a large coalition of westerners irritated over the Liberal government's National Energy Program , suburban and small-town Ontarians, and Quebec nationalists who were angered over Quebec not having distinct status in

11781-560: The bureau had 2,000 films in its library, distributed 1,500 reels of film per month, and made one feature-length documentary, Cinderella of the Farms in 1931, but the bureau was dissolved after the Ontario Liberal Party won in the 1934 Ontario general election . Albert Tessier and Maurice Proulx produced large amounts of films in French at a time when it was uncommon. Joseph Morin ,

11934-406: The bureau needed to transition to sound films or else it would lose its access to theatrical releases, but the organization did not gain the equipment until 1934, and by then it had lost its theatrical distributors. Badgley was able to get a 16 mm film facility for the bureau in 1931. The organization's budget fell from $ 75,000 in 1930, to $ 65,000 in 1931, and $ 45,000 in 1932. However, its budget

12087-468: The campaign, O'Toole stated he would balance the budget within the next 10 years and reversed his support for repealing the Liberal government's "assault-style" weapons ban . In a similar manner to the 2019 election, the Conservatives again won the popular vote but fell short of gaining the largest amount of seats, enabling the Liberal Party under Justin Trudeau to form another minority government. As

12240-583: The company went bankrupt with Brownridge balming Harley Knoles 's wastefulness and Selznick Pictures 's distribution policy. Brownridge sold the Trenton studio to the Ontario Motion Picture Bureau in 1924, and it continued to be used, with Carry on, Sergeant! as the sole fictional work filmed there, until Mitchell Hepburn ordered its closure in 1934, and it was turned into a community centre. Motion Skreenadz, incorporated in 1920, conducted

12393-511: The cost of the budget. The production difficulties led to internal company problems and Clarke was removed as general manager although he remained vice-president. The film was released in 1928, to mixed-to-negative reviews and was only distributed in Ontario before the company went bankrupt in 1929. Brownridge attempted to recut and release the film in 1930, stating that it "would gross at least $ 200,000", but it did not happen. The Ontario government

12546-614: The creation of the British Columbia Patriotic and Educational Picture Service . It was headed by A. R. Baker and mainly distributed films produced under contract by Arthur D. Kean . The provincial legislature passed legislation requiring the display of at least one ten-minute education film or travelogue during all of the programs. The Motion Picture Branch of the Bureau of Publications was created by Saskatchewan in 1924, to produce education films. The Ontario Motion Picture Bureau

12699-561: The demand and only three of the thirty-six requested were fired. The Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences , with Massey as its chair, was formed in 1949. The NFB submitted a brief asking to have a headquarters constructed, budget increases, and to become a Crown corporation . Robert Winters , whose ministry oversaw the NFB, stated that its brief did not represent government policy. The Association of Motion Picture Producers and Laboratories of Canada submitted

12852-583: The distribution of French-language films through France-Film. France-Film arose from the distribution of Maria Chapdelaine which sold 70,000 tickets in Canada. He also aided in the production of Notre-Dame de la Mouise in response to the papal encyclical Vigilanti Cura . DeSève purchased Renaissance Films following the success of The Music Master . DeSève produced four films through Renaissance Films Distribution. Paul L'Anglais formed Quebec Productions filmed Whispering City in English and French, under

13005-486: The dominant conservative party in Canada. The problem of the split on the right was accentuated by Canada's single member plurality electoral system, which resulted in numerous seats being won by the Liberal Party, even when the total number of votes cast for PC and Reform Party candidates was substantially in excess of the total number of votes cast for the Liberal candidate. In 2003, the Canadian Alliance (formerly

13158-580: The failure of Blue Water ended Shipman's career. Trenton, Ontario , despite its small size, was a major film production area and had one of the few studios to last longer than a few years. Canadian National Features, founded by George Brownridge, construction a studio in the town and raised a financial capital of $ 500,000, with $ 278,000 coming within the first week, in 1916. However, the company suspended production after spending $ 43,000 on its first two films, The Marriage Trap and Power , and declared bankruptcy with $ 79,000 in assets. The studio in Trenton

13311-521: The federal Progressive Conservative Party, seeing it as catering to Quebec and urban Ontario interests over theirs. In 1989, Reform made headlines in the political scene when its first member of Parliament (MP), Deborah Grey , was elected in a by-election in Alberta, which was a shock to the PCs, who had almost complete electoral dominance over the province for years. Another defining event for western conservatives

13464-455: The financial crisis, grew the deficit to $ 55.6 billion – Canada's largest federal deficit up to that time. A March 2011 non-confidence vote that found the Harper government to be in contempt of Parliament dissolved Parliament and triggered an election . In this election, the Conservatives won a majority government . The Harper government withdrew Canada from the Kyoto Protocol and repealed

13617-547: The first newsreels in Canada. Ouimet, who was a pioneer for Canadian newsreels, created Specialty Film Import in 1915, as a distributor, but his newsreel and distribution companies were sold in 1923, and he unsuccessfully worked in the United States in the 1920s. At the peak of Ouimet's career 1.5 million Canadians were watching his newsreels twice per week. Domestic newsreel companies were unsuccessful after branches of American companies, Fox Canadian News and Canadian Kinograms, were established. Most sound films from Quebec in

13770-493: The first French-Canadian to serve as the NFB's commissioner. Duplessis died in 1959, and Quebec Liberal Party gained control while the Liberal Party won in the 1963 Canadian federal election . The Liberals supported a policy of bilingualism and biculturalism. A French-language branch of the NFB that was independent of its English-language productions was formed in 1964, under the leadership of Pierre Juneau . Drylanders ,

13923-440: The first animation companies in Canada and made six silhouette films from 1927 to 1935. Norman McLaren was brought to Canada from Scotland by Grierson in 1941. McLaren recruited English-Canadian animators from OCAD University , including George Dunning , Evelyn Lambart , Grant Munro , and Robert Verrall . McLaren recruited French-Canadian animators from École des beaux-arts de Montréal , including René Jodoin . Jodoin created

14076-471: The first ballot with 56.2% of the vote; Stronach received 34.5%, and Clement received 9.4%. Two months after Harper's election as leader, Prime Minister Paul Martin called a general election for June 28, 2004 . For the first time since the 1993 election, a Liberal government would have to deal with an opposition party that was generally seen as being able to form government. The Liberals attempted to counter this with an early election call, as this would give

14229-524: The first month of the campaign by making a series of policy-per-day announcements, which included a Goods and Services Tax reduction and a child-care allowance. These announcements played to Harper's strengths as a policy wonk, as opposed to the 2004 election and summer 2005 where he tried to overcome the perception that he was cool and aloof. Though his party showed only modest movement in the polls, Harper's personal approval numbers, which had always trailed his party's significantly, began to rise. In addition,

14382-532: The former federal Progressive Conservative Party's provincial affiliates as well as other small "c" conservative and centre-right provincial parties, such as the Saskatchewan Party . Film in Canada Cinema in Canada dates back to the earliest known display of film in Saint-Laurent, Quebec , in 1896. The film industry in Canada has been dominated by the United States, which has utilized Canada as

14535-661: The founding of a "Consortium of stakeholders, as a charitable and non-profit corporation , should be established to co-ordinate the implementation of the national strategy, and to undertake projects and programs with respect to the preservation and enhanced use of the audio-visual heritage." Following the report, the Alliance for the Preservation of Canada's Audio-Visual Heritage was created in 1996 to create action plans, advocate, manage projects, administer funding, and develop standards for archivists and audiovisual producers. In 2000,

14688-753: The government of British Columbia and the Northern Railway Company. The Grand Trunk Railway entered the industry by hiring Butcher's Film Service in 1909. The CPR hired the Edison Company to film in Canada and they sent nine people, including J. Searle Dawley , Henry Cronjager , and Mabel Trunnelle , in 1910. They were provided a specialized train and the RMS Empress of India and produced thirteen films. Silent films used intertitles in English and French, but sound films were mostly produced in English. The first recorded feature film created in Canada

14841-452: The immigration policies of Justin Trudeau 's Liberal government and supports significantly restricting numbers of temporary residents and asylum seekers coming into Canada. Poilievre instead argues that immigration intake should be linked to housing supply and that the Conservatives will introduce a cap on the number of foreign workers and further border control and background screening measures of immigrants. The Conservatives also support

14994-474: The institutions of Parliament and Canada's democratic process, support for strong national defence, law and order, and Canada's history and traditions, and equal treatment for all Canadians. In recent years, the Conservative Party has repeatedly campaigned on the following policies: In its current platform, the Conservative Party states that its core objectives are to protect the lives and property of ordinary citizens, promote democratic accountability and reform

15147-407: The issue of same-sex marriage in Canada, with individuals in the party arguing for and against. During debates on Bill C-38 in 2004 which would redefine the legal definition of marriage in Canada, a majority of Conservative MPs voted against when then leader Stephen Harper allowed a free vote . Under Harper's premiership, the party proposed reopening the debate into same-sex marriage but following

15300-565: The largest share of the popular vote, and gained 26 seats. Notably, they won every single seat in Saskatchewan and all but one in Alberta . While the Conservative Party has historically been highly successful in Alberta and Saskatchewan, some point to a growing sense of Western alienation to explain the results. Following the election, Scheer faced criticism from within the party for failing to defeat Trudeau, who gained criticism for his handling of

15453-432: The latter involved robocalls and real-person calls that were designed to result in voter suppression in the 2011 election. In economic policy, the government launched Canada's Global Markets Action Plan to generate employment opportunities for Canadians by expanding Canadian businesses and investment in other countries, and balanced the budget in the 2014 federal budget , producing a minor deficit of $ 550 million. In

15606-682: The leadership, as did former Democratic Representative Caucus leader Chuck Strahl . Jim Prentice , who had been a candidate in the 2003 PC leadership contest , entered the Conservative leadership race in mid-December but dropped out in mid-January because of an inability to raise funds so soon after his earlier leadership bid. In the end, there were three candidates in the party's first leadership election : former Canadian Alliance leader Stephen Harper , former Magna International CEO Belinda Stronach , and former Ontario provincial PC Cabinet minister Tony Clement . Voting took place on March 20, 2004. A total of 97,397 ballots were cast. Harper won on

15759-408: The legislation. The legislation was not tabled and it failed. F. R. Crawley , who was involved in filmmaking for a decade, and Judith Crawley created Île d'Orléans in 1938, and its success led to a $ 3,000 loan from F. R. Crawley's father that created Crawley Films. It employment rose from 6 in 1946, 33 in 1949, and around 100 by the 1950s. One-sixth of the $ 3 million worth of films produced by

15912-532: The majority of film production in western Canada and brought colour film production to British Columbia. Leon C. Shelly gained control over Motion Skreenadz and Vancouver Motion Pictures from 1936 to 1937. He extended the company to Toronto in 1945, but relocated the company entirely to Toronto in 1946. The company was reorganized into Shelly Films, but production of non-newsreels was ended in favor of focusing on film laboratories . British Columbia's government agencies used promotional films from 1908 to 1919, before

16065-453: The merger, three sitting Progressive Conservative MPs — André Bachand , John Herron and former prime minister Joe Clark — announced they would not join the new Conservative Party caucus. In the months following the merger, Rick Borotsik , who had been elected as Manitoba's only PC, became openly critical of the new party's leadership, while former leadership candidate Scott Brison and former Alliance leadership candidate Keith Martin left

16218-456: The new Conservative Party of Canada. The parties reached a deal after several months of talks between two teams of emissaries, consisting of Don Mazankowski , Bill Davis and Loyola Hearn on behalf of the PCs, and Ray Speaker , Senator Gerry St. Germain and Scott Reid on behalf of the Alliance. On December 5, 2003, the agreement-in-principle was ratified by the membership of the Alliance by

16371-586: The next two years it was screened in 1,249 Canadian theatres where it was watched by a record two million people and the film was also screened in forty other countries. The film cost $ 88,000, but the NFB gained a profit of $ 150,000 and the film's success was one of the reasons Grierson stated that Irwin "saved the Film Board". It was seen by over two million people within two months. The Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau and Associated Screen News of Canada had no French-Canadian employees. Vincent Paquette became

16524-484: The only French-language feature films produced in Canada in that period. Bush Pilot was the only English-language feature film created by a Canadian company in the 1940s. Pour la suite du monde was the first Canadian film shown in competition at the Cannes Film Festival . Canadians had to import colour 35 mm film until 1967, as Canada did not produce any internally. By the 1960s Nat Taylor ,

16677-688: The organization had its role expanded to include television in 1983, and administered the Canadian Broadcast Program Development Fund. The television fund was initially given an annual budget of $ 60 million. An annual budget of $ 30 million through the Feature Film Fund was created in 1986, and an annual budget of $ 17 million through the Feature Film Distribution Fund was created in 1988. The organization's combined budget grew to $ 146 million by 1989. A report

16830-431: The organization's first English language feature-length fiction film, was released in 1963. Kathleen Shannon organized Studio D , the first publicly funded feminist film-production unit in the world, in 1974, and produced 125 films before its closure in 1996. However, there would be no French version of Studio D until the formation of Studio B in 1986. The studio produced three Oscar winning films by 1984 ( I'll Find

16983-505: The party also received more newspaper endorsements than in 2004. On January 23, 2006, the Conservatives won 124 seats, compared to 103 for the Liberals. The results made the Conservatives the largest party in the 308-member House of Commons, enabling them to form a minority government . On February 6, 2006, Harper and his Cabinet were sworn in. The Conservative Party confronted the In and Out scandal , regarding improper election spending during

17136-517: The party governed with two minority governments after the federal elections of 2006 and 2008 . It then won a majority government in the 2011 federal election before being defeated in the 2015 federal election by a majority Liberal government led by Justin Trudeau . Despite winning a plurality of the vote in each election, the party remained in opposition after losing the 2019 and 2021 elections under its second and third leaders, Andrew Scheer and Erin O'Toole respectively. Pierre Poilievre

17289-408: The party have been described by media commentators as liberal conservative , social conservative , right-wing populist and libertarian conservative . In an effort to create a cohesive platform following its creation, the Conservative Party declared its founding core philosophies and principles to be fiscal accountability, upholding individual rights and freedom, belief in constitutional monarchy,

17442-413: The party including former leader Erin O'Toole called on the Canadian government to grant asylum to fleeing Hong Kong pro-democracy protesters facing extradition orders to China. The party also proposes eliminating birthright citizenship unless one of the parents of a child born in Canada has permanent residency or Canadian citizenship. Incumbent Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre has vocally criticized

17595-414: The party's inaugural leadership election. The merger process was opposed by some elements in both parties. In the PCs in particular, the merger process resulted in organized opposition, and in a substantial number of prominent members refusing to join the new party. Former leadership candidate David Orchard argued that his written agreement with Peter MacKay , which had been signed a few months earlier at

17748-698: The party's policy book states that the party "will not support any legislation to regulate abortion" while in government, and the party's current leader, Pierre Poilievre, has stated that "no laws or rules will be passed that restrict women's reproductive choices" if he becomes prime minister. The party states that it supports responsible gun ownership and will "not deprive Canadian Citizens of legally owned firearms" but also calls for cost-effective gun control programs including screening all individuals wishing to purchase firearms and increased enforcement against arms trafficking. The Conservative Party does not have any provincial wings. However, it often works closely with

17901-528: The party. Brison, Herron and Martin ran for the Liberal Party in the next election, while Clark, Bachand and Borotsik retired. Three senators — William Doody , Norman Atkins , and Lowell Murray — declined to join the new party and continued to sit in the upper house as a rump caucus of Progressive Conservatives, and a fourth ( Jean-Claude Rivest ) soon left to sit as an independent. In February 2005, Prime Minister Paul Martin appointed two anti-merger Progressive Conservatives, Nancy Ruth and Elaine McCoy , to

18054-501: The preservation of heritage sound recordings, including screenings of MasterWorks films and supporting archival institutions in their projects to restore and make available endangered sound recordings. In 2008, Canadian Heritage ceased the AV Trust's two Education and Access Programs, the FFEAP, and Music Memories, removing CA$ 300,000 in funding for the Trust. In 2009–10, the AV Trust agreed to

18207-542: The production of distribution of D. W. Griffith 's Hearts of the World . The committee was dissolved after World War I and its shares in Topical Film Company were sold, which were donated to war charities. The Associated Screen News of Canada was founded by Bernard Norrish in 1920, and the CPR held a majority control of its stock. The company grew from two employees in 1920, to over one hundred by 1930, and focused on

18360-484: The production of newsreels, theatrical shorts, and sponsored films. It was the largest Canadian film company until the growth of Crawley Films in the 1950s. It was one of Canada's longest lasting film production companies with Crawley Films and the National Film Board of Canada being one of the few to outlast it. Before ASN constructed a film laboratory all of the film print distributed in Canada were processed in

18513-571: The productions. Lest We Forget , Canada's first feature-length war documentary with sound, was released in 1935. Grierson made efforts to increase the theatrical distribution of NFB films, primarily its war-related films, as he was coordinating wartime information for the United Kingdom in North America. Famous Players aided in distribution and the Canadian Motion Picture War Services Committee, which worked with

18666-543: The program: assisted universities, such as Université Laval and Memorial University , and museums in digitizing ethnological recordings of interviews, music, and stories to ease access for researchers; funded the acquisition of new equipment for digitization/accessibility programs for the Canada Music Fund and for the transfer of collections to new formats for public distribution; provided, through organisations like Carleton University (Gala Records) and ProgresSon, for

18819-467: The provinces more taxing powers and decision-making authority in joint federal-provincial programs. The party's law and order package was an effort to address rising homicide rates, which had gone up 12% in 2004. On November 24, 2005, Harper introduced a motion of no confidence which, with the backing of the other two opposition parties, passed on November 28, 2005. This resulted in an election scheduled for January 23, 2006 . The Conservatives started off

18972-590: The re-release of previously hard-to-find or completely-unavailable music, such as older recordings and the music of rock bands Maneige and Beau Dommage . AV Trust partners included: Conservative Party of Canada The Conservative Party of Canada ( CPC ; French : Parti conservateur du Canada , PCC ), colloquially known as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a federal political party in Canada . It

19125-669: The re-release of several movies, both on film and DVD, often with accompanying educational content for use in schools—such as the works of Larry Kent by the Mel Hoppenheim School of Cinema at Concordia University and the re-release of Life Classes (1987) by the Nova Scotia School of Art and Design . FFEAP also supported local film societies to put together screenings of locally produced films; as well funding various film festival events, such as screenings of Entre la mer et l’eau douce (1967) and The Grey Fox (1982) at

19278-545: The showing and he was used as evidence of it until Lacasse found newspaper coverage of the event in La Presse . R.A. Hardie and F.H. Wall also presented films in Winnipeg from 18 to 25 July 1896. Marie Tréourret de Kerstrat and her son Henry de Grandsaignes d’Hauterives were some of the first French people to display films to French Canadians and projected hundreds during their tours from 1897 to 1906. They showed 8,000 feet of hand-coloured film done by Georges Méliès , which

19431-489: The title La Forteresse . It was seen by over 100,000 people in Quebec over the course of six weeks. The papal encyclical Vigilanti Cura in 1936, changed the Catholic attitude towards movies and the church became a part of Quebec movie production in the 1940s. Most of the nineteen movies, fifteen in French and four in English, produced in Quebec from 1944 to 1953 were made by Renaissance Films or Quebec Productions. Those were

19584-416: The validation of refugee claims and give help to persecuted religious and sexual minorities whilst ensuring those who do not meet refugee status are escorted out of the country. Some MPs within the party have proposed a Canadian values test for prospective immigrants and long-term visitors, although this has not been adopted as a policy as a whole. Following the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests , several members of

19737-427: The vote through 13 rounds. Bernier would leave the Conservatives in 2018 to form the People's Party of Canada , which campaigned on right-wing populist positions in subsequent elections but failed to win a seat. Under Scheer, the Conservatives prioritized repealing the Liberal government's carbon tax , pipeline construction, and balancing the budget within five years had they formed government in 2019. Scheer

19890-464: The vote to be delayed until the spring of 2017. On January 19, 2016, the party announced that a permanent leader will be chosen on May 27, 2017. On September 28, 2016, former Speaker of the House of Commons Andrew Scheer announced his bid for the leadership of the party . On May 27, 2017, Scheer was elected as the second permanent leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, beating runner-up MP Maxime Bernier and more than 12 others with 50.95% of

20043-530: The western areas. This group, the Bioscope Company of Canada, conducted filming in Quebec to Victoria from 1902 to 1903. The film, Living Canada , was premiered at the Palace Theatre in 1903, with High Commissioner Donald Smith in attendance. A total of thirty-five Living Canada films were released by 1904, and was reedited into Wonders of Canada in 1906. Urban success led to him gaining contracts with

20196-475: Was Evangeline . The Palace was the first theatre to transition to showing sound films when it presented Street Angel on 1 September 1928. There were multiple attempts to create an independent film industry in Canada in the early 20th century. Thirty-six companies meant for film production were created between 1914 and 1922, but the majority of the companies did not produce any films. In 1914, Canadian Animated Weekly by Universal Pictures became one of

20349-515: Was central to the preservation and restoration work of the AV Trust. Created and funded by the Feature Film Policy of the Department of Canadian Heritage in 2000, FFEAP provided funding to non-profit organizations across the country to support the protection of Canada's cinematical heritage, as well as to educate students, academics, and the general public about such films. The program enabled

20502-526: Was elected interim leader the same day O'Toole was ousted, and a leadership election was subsequently scheduled for September 10, 2022. Conservative MP and former cabinet minister Pierre Poilievre , Conservative MP and former leadership candidate Leslyn Lewis , Independent (formerly Progressive Conservative) Member of Ontario Provincial Parliament Roman Baber , former leader of the now-defunct Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and former Premier of Quebec Jean Charest , former MP, former leader of

20655-532: Was elected leader in the 2022 leadership election . The Conservative Party is political heir to a series of right-of-centre parties that have existed in Canada, beginning with the Upper Canada Tories of the nineteenth century. John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier later founded the Liberal-Conservative Party . The party became known simply as the Conservative Party after 1873, and

20808-685: Was established in 1917, but did not produce its own films until 1923. S.C. Johnson, who worked in the Ontario Agriculture Department , was its first director. The victory of the United Farmers of Ontario in the 1919 election resulted in Peter Smith reorganized film production under the Amusement Branch with Otter Elliott heading it. He changed the focus of filmmaking from agricultural training towards quality productions. By 1925,

20961-456: Was filmed and was initially meant to be two reels, worth twenty minutes, but grew to five reels as they could not determine what to cut. Irwin met with Harvey Harnick, the NFB's Columbia theatrical distributor, and J.J. Fitzgibbons, the president of Famous Players, and Fitzgibbons told Irwin that he would screen all five reels if the film was completed for a Christmas release. Royal Journey opened in seventeen first-run theatres and over course of

21114-411: Was formed in 1918, and expanded to sound and 16 mm film in the 1930s before merging into the National Film Board of Canada . The NFB expanded under the leadership of John Grierson . The Canadian Cooperation Project between the government and Motion Picture Association of America from 1948 to 1958, negatively affected Canadian filmmaking. Internal divisions between English and French Canadians within

21267-556: Was formed in 2003 by the merger of the two main right-leaning parties, the Progressive Conservative Party (PC Party) and the Canadian Alliance , the latter being the successor of the Western Canadian –based Reform Party . The party sits at the centre-right to the right of the Canadian political spectrum , with their federal rival, the centre-left Liberal Party of Canada , positioned to their left . The Conservatives are defined as

21420-467: Was held in 2020, which was won by former Veterans Affairs Minister Erin O'Toole on August 24, 2020. Though running for the leadership on a "true blue" platform, O'Toole started to nudge the Conservative Party to the political centre as leader. Despite campaigning against the Liberal government's carbon tax during his leadership campaign, O'Toole reversed his position in April 2021, instead advocating for

21573-617: Was held on 27 April 2009 at Library and Archives Canada in Ottawa, and was organized by the Canadian Film Institute . In 2002, the Trust introduced the Music Memories program through a Sound Recording Policy initiative of the Department of Canadian Heritage . The Program supported non-profit organizations in digitizing recordings from outmoded media, creating educational content, and re-issuing out-of-print music. In particular,

21726-470: Was increased to $ 70,000 in 1933. The bureau was reorganized into the National Film Board of Canada in 1941, following John Grierson 's recommendation. Ross McLean was working as the secretary to High Commissioner Vincent Massey when he met Grierson, and asked for Grierson to come to Canada to aide in the governmental film policy. Grierson made a report on the Canadian film industry in 1938, and

21879-643: Was not financially successful as only three of those films made a profit and the organization recovered $ 600,000 of its investments. After 1970 the CFDC focused on investing in smaller budgeted films and ended its work with American theatrical distributors to them hiding profits. Another $ 10 million budget was given to the CFDC in November 1971, and a new investment strategy in which $ 600,000 per year would be invested into productions, with its creative and technical crew being Canadian, budgeted below $ 100,000, and $ 3 million per year on films with guaranteed distribution. It took

22032-507: Was released in Canada under the name Carry On! and was financially success. Clarke's film was named Carry on, Sergeant! to help raise funds. It received financial backing from influential people, including prime ministers Arthur Meighen and Bennett. The film started production, by the recently created subsidiary Canadian International Films, in 1926, and Bruce Bairnsfather was hired to direct with an expensive contract, but his inexperience with film led to production troubles that increased

22185-543: Was reorganized into the Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau on 1 April 1923. Its films were theatrically released in the United States by Bray Productions . The organization's budget stagnated and declined during the Great Depression. The organization was led by Bernard Norrish from 1917 to 1920, Raymond Peck from 1920 to 1927, and Frank Badgley from 1927 to 1941. Badgley stated that

22338-438: Was sponsored by Clifford Sifton in 1901. His second tour was the first time that the government was directly involved with film. British and American filmmakers were selected as they could guarantee the distribution of their films unlike Canadian filmmakers. The CPR enlisted Charles Urban and his company , in order to allow the distribution of the films to the United Kingdom, to travel and film Canada to promote settlement in

22491-405: Was still interested in attempting to create a large film studio by 1932, along with Edward Wentworth Beatty and Herbert Samuel Holt , but the recent failure of Canadian International Films and Great Depression led to its not receiving investments. The Canadian film industry would not recover until after World War II . The Exhibits and Publicity Bureau was founded on 19 September 1918, and

22644-528: Was taken over by the Pan American Film Corporation in 1918, but only released one film before closing. Brownridge founded Adanac Producing Company and released the two Canadian National Features films in 1918. Brownridge shifted production towards corporate sponsorships by displaying products in dramatized films. Brownridge sought a sponsorship from the CPR and John Murray Gibbon saw Power and asked Brownridge to make anti-Bolshevik films during

22797-534: Was the first NFB film directed by a French Canadian woman. French-language media, including Le Devoir , criticized the NFB after it removed Roger Blais in 1957. NFB francophone directors Denys Arcand , Gilles Carle , Jacques Godbout , Gilles Groulx , and Clément Perron criticized the organization for its censorship policies, refusal to produce feature films, and its colonial treatment of Quebec. Michel Brault , Carle, Bernard Gosselin , Groulx, and Arthur Lamothe left following reprimands. Guy Roberge became

22950-435: Was the first known film by a Canadian. Evangeline is the earliest recorded Canadian feature film. George Brownridge and Ernest Shipman were major figures in Canadian cinema in the 1920s and 1930s. Shipman oversaw the production the most expensive film up to that point. Brownridge's career led to Carry on, Sergeant! and its failure caused a decline in the film industry. The Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau

23103-668: Was very much result from anything he has done". George Patton, the bureau's head, supported the deal as Cranfield and Clarke had no Jews in its company. W.F. Clarke, who was later blamed for the company's financial failure, pushed for Canadian film production and came up with an idea of a film about "a dramatic story written by an eminent authority around the part played by the Canadians in the World War". Clarke incorporated British Empire Films of Canada in June 1927. The film adaption of The Better 'Ole

23256-428: Was when Mulroney accepted the results of an unofficial Senate election held in Alberta, which resulted in the appointment of a Reformer, Stanley Waters , to the Senate. In the 1993 election , support for the Progressive Conservative Party collapsed, and the party's representation in the House of Commons dropped from an absolute majority of seats to only two. Meanwhile, the Reform Party took Western Canada and became

23409-451: Was written by a task force in 1985, and it stated that foreign domination of film and video distribution, chronic undercapitalization of production companies, and concentration of theatre ownership and distribution and exhibition vertical integration hurt the development of the film industry. They recommended legislation to increase the control of Canadian-owned companies over distribution and Minister of Communications Flora MacDonald proposed

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