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28-459: In November 2015, Japan's Ministry of Defense announced it would conduct a live-fire experiment of the XASM-3 in 2016, targeting the decommissioned ship JDS Shirane . In February 2017, an F-2 carried out a jettison test of the missile as a precursor to a live firing. Mass production was planned to begin in 2018 but stopped due to the further upgrade program that has been planned. Footage of a test launch

56-837: A number of organizations as of 2022: 35°41′35″N 139°43′41″E  /  35.693°N 139.728°E  / 35.693; 139.728 Uyoku dantai Uyoku dantai ( 右翼団体 , lit. 'right-wing groups') refers to Japanese ultranationalist far-right activists, provocateurs, and internet trolls (as netto-uyoku ) often organized in groups. In 1996 and 2013, the National Police Agency estimated that there were over 1,000 right-wing groups in Japan with about 100,000 members in total. Uyoku dantai are well known for their highly visible propaganda vehicles, known as gaisensha ( 街宣車 , converted vans, trucks and buses fitted with loudspeakers and prominently marked with

84-476: Is an annual white paper released by Japan's Ministry of Defense. It serves as a comprehensive report on Japan's defense policy, national security, and related matters. The paper is translated from Japanese into both English and Chinese, and released on the Ministry of Defense's website for anyone from the public to read. Digital archives are also provided on their website, going back as far as 2014. The Ministers in

112-646: Is headed by the Minister of Defense , and is the largest ministry in the Japanese government. The ministry is headquartered in Ichigaya , Shinjuku , Tokyo , and is required by Article 66 of the Constitution to be completely subordinate to civilian authority . Its head has the rank of Minister of State . He is assisted by two vice ministers, one parliamentary and one administrative; and the internal bureaus. The highest figure in

140-616: Is the chairman of the Joint Staff Council, a body that included the chiefs of staff of the ground, maritime, and air arms of the Self-Defense Forces. Its principal functions are to advise the director general and to plan and execute joint exercises. The three branches maintain staff offices to manage operations in their branches. Although rank establishes echelons of command within the JSDF, all three branches are immediately responsible to

168-578: The Nippon Telegraph and Telephone ) with a microwave network incorporating a three-dimensional transmission system using a communications satellite. Despite efforts to increase stocks, however, supplies of ammunition and maintenance and repair parts in 1990 remained at less than satisfactory levels. In 2004, the Defense Agency building was attacked by a Kakurōkyō cell through improvised mortar barrages. Defense of Japan ( 防衛白書 , Bōei hakusho )

196-719: The Second World War to varying degrees, deny the war crimes committed by the military during the pre-1945 Shōwa period and are critical of what they see as a "masochistic" bias in post-war historical education. Thus, they do not recognize the legality of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East or other allied tribunals and consider the war-criminals enshrined in the Yasukuni Shrine as "Martyrs of Shōwa " ( 昭和殉難者 , Shōwa junnansha ) . They support

224-526: The 2030s. Related development Related lists Comparable missiles Ministry of Defense (Japan) The Ministry of Defense ( 防衛省 , Bōei-shō ) is an executive department of the Government of Japan responsible for preserving the peace and independence of Japan , and maintaining the country's national security and the Japan Self-Defense Forces . The ministry

252-463: The Bureau of Equipment, are often headed by officials from other ministries and are the main centers of power and instruments of civilian control in the Defense Agency. The Bureau of Defense Policy is responsible for drafting defense policy and programs, for determining day-to-day operational activities, and for information gathering and analysis in the JSDF. The Bureau of Finance is instrumental in developing

280-674: The Defense Agency and with one another. In the 1980s, efforts were also underway to facilitate a clear and efficient command policy in the event of a crisis. The government stood by the principle that military action was permitted only under civilian control, but in recognition that delay for consultation might prove dangerous, ships of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) began to be armed with live torpedoes, and fighter-interceptors were allowed to carry missiles at all times. Although aircraft had long been allowed to force down intruders without waiting for permission from

308-475: The Defense Agency budget and in establishing spending priorities for the Defense Agency and the JSDF. The Bureau of Equipment, organized into subunits for each of the military services, focuses on equipment procurement. Before any major purchase is recommended to the Diet by the Defense Agency, it has to be reviewed by each of these bureaus. Below these civilian groups are the uniformed JSDF personals. Its senior officer

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336-527: The JSDF transportation capabilities are generally judged inadequate. In 1990 legislation was being studied to provide the JSDF with the ability to respond in emergency situations not specifically covered by Article 76 of the Self-Defense Forces Law  [ ja ] . Modern equipment is gradually replacing obsolescent materiel in the JSDF. In 1987, the Defense Agency replaced its communications system (which formerly had relied on telephone lines of

364-624: The Japanese Defense Ministry secured ¥10.3 billion to upgrade the missile in its 2020 budget. In December 2020, Japan MoD announced the ASM-3A, a variant of the ASM-3 with extended range, and an intention to mass-produce it with the 2021 defense budget. Another upgraded version of the ASM-3, the ASM-3 (Kai), is also under development. The ASM-3 may be used by the F-2's successor once the aircraft retires in

392-477: The Ministry of Defense are as follows: The Senior Advisers to the Minister of Defense are senior policy advisers to the Minister of Defense. The Special Advisers to the Minister of Defense are special policy advisers to the Minister of Defense. The Administrative Vice-Minister of Defense, the senior civil-servant at the Ministry of Defense, has the role of coordinating the affairs of the Ministry and of supervising

420-564: The Ministry's bureaus and organs. The Chief of Staff, Joint Staff is the highest-ranking military officer of the Japan Self-Defense Forces , and the senior military adviser to the Minister of Defense and the Japanese Government . He is supported by the Vice Chief of Staff, Joint Staff. He is appointed by the Minister of Defense , approved by the Cabinet . The Ministry of Defense includes

448-688: The People's New Party representatives. in the House of Representatives and in the House of Councillors. Only the Japanese Communist Party and the Social Democratic Party opposed the change, claiming that it can lead Japan into a future war. Meanwhile, the Asia-Pacific nations raised concerns due to memories of World War II when they were under Japanese imperial rule. The Ministry of Defense

476-712: The advocation of kokutai -Goji (retaining the fundamental character of the nation), hostility towards communism and Marxism , and hostility against the Japan Teachers Union . Traditionally, they view Russia (and previously the Soviet Union), China, and North Korea with hostility over issues such as communism, the Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands and the Kuril Islands , and the kidnappings of Japanese citizens by North Korea . Most, but not all, seek to justify Japan's role in

504-491: The bureaus, who most often have no military experience. To rectify this situation and to increase input by the JSDF in policy matters, in the early 1980s the Joint Staff Council was enlarged to establish better lines of communication between the internal bureaus and the three staff offices. A computerized central command and communications system and various tactical command and communications systems were established, linking service and field headquarters with general headquarters at

532-614: The command structure is the Prime Minister , who is responsible directly to the National Diet . The MOD, alongside the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, work on crafting Japanese security policy. In a national emergency, the Prime Minister is authorized to order the various components of the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) into action, subject to the consent of the Diet. In times of extreme emergency, that approval might be obtained after

560-573: The director general and are coequal bodies with the Joint Staff Council and the three staff offices. This structure precludes the concentration of power of the pre-1945 Imperial General Staff (and the Supreme War Council ) general staffs, but it impedes interservice coordination, and there are few formal exchanges among commanders from various branches. Moreover, some dissatisfaction has been reported by high-ranking officers who feel they have little power compared with younger civilian officials in

588-671: The fact. Their activities are regulated under the Ministry of Defense Establishment Law ( 防衛省設置法 , Bōeishōsetchihō ) . On 8 June 2006, the Cabinet of Japan endorsed a bill elevating the Defense Agency ( 防衛庁 , Bōei-chō ) under the Cabinet Office to full-fledged cabinet-level Ministry of Defense ( 防衛省 , Bōei-shō ) . On 9 June 2006, the "Bill for Partial Revision of the Defense Agency Establishment Law"

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616-538: The main gate. The Japanese Defense Agency was established on 1 July 1954. Until May 2000, it was based in Akasaka (currently occupied by Tokyo Midtown ). The JDA was placed under the authority of the Prime Minister's Office under Article 2 of the Defense Agency Establishment Law before it was placed under the Cabinet Office in 2001. The internal bureaus, especially the Bureau of Defense Policy, Bureau of Finance, and

644-739: The name of the group and propaganda slogans) . The vehicles are usually black, khaki or olive drab, and are decorated with the Imperial Seal , the flag of Japan and the Rising Sun Flag . They are primarily used to stage protests outside organizations such as the Chinese, Korean or Russian embassies, Chongryon facilities and media organizations, where propaganda (both taped and live) is broadcast through their loudspeakers. They can sometimes be seen driving around cities or parked in busy shopping areas, broadcasting propaganda, military music or Kimigayo ,

672-556: The national anthem. The Greater Japan Patriotic Party , supportive of the US–;Japan–South Korea alliance against China and North Korea and against communism as a whole, would always have the US national flag flying side by side with the Japanese flag in the vehicles and US military marches played alongside their Japanese counterparts. While political beliefs differ among the groups, they are often said to hold in common three philosophies:

700-454: The prime minister, ships were still required to receive specific orders before interdicting invading vessels. The Defense Agency had recommended drawing up more complete guidelines to clarify what action JSDF combat units could take in emergencies. Cooperation between the JSDF and other civilian agencies in contingency planning is limited. No plans exist to ensure the support of civilian aircraft and merchant fleets in times of crisis, even though

728-411: Was formally established on 9 January 2007, taking its present name and status as a ministry. Subsequently, its Defense Facilities Administrative Agency was dissolved and integrated into the Ministry of Defense. In July 2007, the Ministry of Defense Building was attacked by a 21-year-old right-wing activist , who threw a Molotov cocktail in the direction of the building, after forcing his way through

756-507: Was released in August 2017. Despite its development being completed in 2017, the missile was not deployed because its range (200 km (110 nmi; 120 mi)) was deemed too short to effectively counter the Chinese Navy's long range air-defense. In March 2019, it was reported that the ASM-3 would have its range extended to 400 km (220 nmi; 250 mi) or more. In December 2019,

784-511: Was submitted in the Diet. On 30 November 2006, the "Bill for Partial Revision of the Defense Agency Establishment Law" was passed by the House of Representatives. A bill that relates to the transition of the JDA from agency to a ministry under the Defense Agency Establishment Law on 15 December 2006 with approval from the House of Councillors. This had support from the LDP, Democratic Party of Japan, Komeito and

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