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18-842: The Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (EPDM), the precursor of ANDM, was founded by former members of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP) and supported by the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF). It was originally based in Waghimra in Wollo Province , and waged an armed struggle against the Derg in that area starting in 1982. EPDM convened its first organizational conference in Jerba Yohannes, Waghimra, in November 1983. During

36-537: A peasant association , was created by the Derg in 1975 to promote development and to manage land reform ; they became a key element that the rival Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party and MEISON fought each other, and the ruling Derg, to control during the Ethiopian Red Terror . The wards were retained as administrative units by the Transitional Government of Ethiopia upon the conclusion of

54-599: Is fairly sufficient and available to prolongue their pastoralist livelihood. It is part of a district , itself usually part of a zone , which in turn are grouped into one of the regions or two chartered cities that comprise the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia . Each ward consists of at least 500 families, or the equivalent of 3,500 to 4,000 persons. There is at least one in every town with more than 2,000 population. A district's representative had jurisdiction over to ward . The ward, also referred to as

72-646: Is the first modern political party in Ethiopia . Established in April 1972, it aimed to turn Ethiopia into a democratic republic . Both the EPRP and another party, the All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement (MEISON) were enthusiastic supporters of the student-led 1974 Ethiopian Revolution that eventually led to the toppling of Emperor Haile Selassie and abolishing the monarchy the following year. However, following

90-564: The Ethiopian Civil War in 1991; ever since, their administrative role has expanded to include the provision of government services more broadly. As Human Rights Watch noted, ward officials determine eligibility for food assistance, recommend referrals to secondary health care and schools, and help provide access to state-distributed resources such as seeds, fertilizers, credit, and other essential agricultural inputs." The lowest level of local government with limited autonomy there are

108-534: The Derg and Mengistu, while the EPRP claimed that the Derg had betrayed the Revolution and stood in the way of a genuine "people's democracy". The political conflict ultimately escalated into violent conflict, with increasing fighting between the two groups. The violence reached its peak in 1976 when the EPRP began to launch attacks on public buildings and assassinate high-ranking Derg officials. In response, Mengistu condemned

126-653: The EPRP received some support from the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). Although there were numerous meetings between the EPRP and other anti-government groups like the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), eventually the EPRP and the TPLF came to blows. EPRA units attacked TPLF units in two different locations in Agame on 23 February 1978, forcing them to evacuate the area. The TPLF brought two of its veteran companies from

144-562: The EPRP, claiming it had engaged in a campaign of "White Terror", and initiated a systematic and brutal campaign to exterminate supporters of the EPRP, initially with assistance from MEISON and officials of the local kebeles , known as the " Red Terror ", against the EPRP and other political opponents. Surviving members of the EPRP were forced to flee the cities by August 1977, many fleeing to the group's rural stronghold on Mount Asimba in, among other places, Agame , where two of its founders, Tesfay Debessay and Zeru Kehishen, had family ties. There

162-590: The Ethiopian Civil War, its military headquarters were located in a cave in Melfa (Dogu'a Tembien) . In 1988, EPDM and its long-time ally TPLF united to form the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPDRF). At its third organizational conference in 1994, the EPDM changed its name to Amhara National Democratic Movement (ANDM), marking its transition from a pan-Ethiopian movement to an ethnic nationalist party. In

180-539: The Liberation of Palestine . At this first congress, a Central Committee was elected and included Desta Tadesse, Kiflu Teferra, Kiflu Tadesse, Tesfaye Debessay, Berhane Meskel Reda, Iyasu Alemayehu, and Zeru Kehishen, with the latter four elected to the EPLO Politburo and Berhane Meskel Reda elected the organization's Secretary General. For the first few years of its existence, the EPRP was of little importance until

198-743: The May 2010 Regional State Council elections, the ANDM won all 294 seats in the Amhara Region. On its annual conference on 30 September 2018, Amhara National Democratic Movement changed its title to Amhara Democratic Party. This article about an Ethiopian political party is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ethiopian People%27s Revolutionary Party The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party ( EPRP ) ( Amharic : የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝባዊ አብዮታዊ ፓርቲ , romanized :  Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā Həzbāwī Abyotawi Party ), informally known as Ihapa ( Amharic : ኢሕአፓ ),

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216-414: The arrival of the Revolution, after which it played a larger role. Over the year following the deposition of Haile Selassie, political and ideological conflict began to emerge between the EPRP and its major Marxist rival, MEISON. Part of their rivalry was based on the fact that, originally, the Derg had no political ideology, beyond the vague patriotic slogan of Itiopiya Tikdem "Ethiopia First" and turned to

234-438: The end of the Ethiopian Civil War in 1991. Wards of Ethiopia A ward ( Amharic : ቀበሌ , romanized :  kʼebelē ; Oromo : Gandaa ; Tigrinya : ታቢያ , romanized:  tābiyā , lit.   'neighbourhood') is the smallest administrative unit of Ethiopia : a ward , a neighbourhood or a localized and delimited group of people. Somali word that has meaning of collected people where water

252-521: The kebeles. They are at the neighbourhood level and are the primary contact for most citizens living in Ethiopia. Their administrative unit consists of an elected council, a cabinet (executive committee), a social court and the development and security staff. Kebeles are accountable to their woreda councils and are typically responsible for providing basic education, primary health care, agriculture, water, and rural roads. The kebeles are headed by cadres loyal to

270-471: The leftist Student Movement, with its strong ideological grounding, for guidance; EPRP and MEISON were only two of a large number of groups which competed to be the Derg's political educators. Part of their rivalry was based on Marxist theory: for the Ethiopian Revolution to be an "authentic" one, there needed to be a vanguard party , and both groups wanted that role. Eventually, MEISON came to support

288-487: The political coalition who see the people's everyday lives. Therefore, they are also excellent for observing movements undesirable for the central government. However, the influence of the bosom is not unlimited and complete. The system is becoming less and less functioning at lower levels in fast-growing urban communities. OPDO in Oromia only introduced the sub-intestinal system in 2001, but it did not fully become operational until

306-527: The rise of Mengistu Haile Mariam to power as leader of the ruling Derg , the military junta that had taken control of Ethiopia, ideological conflict developed between the various groups. The EPRP was founded under the name Ethiopian People's Liberation Organization ( EPLO ) in April 1972 in West Berlin , West Germany , by exiled Ethiopian students and with the assistance of the Democratic Front for

324-451: The west, and in a fierce counter-attack forced the EPRP fighters back to their bases at Mount Asimba. After a five-day battle, the TPLF captured their mountain stronghold, and the bulk of the defeated EPRP fled to sanctuary with the ELF. Eventually, many party members found their way to Gondar , continuing their struggle against both the Derg and the TPLF until Mengistu's government final defeat at

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