103-449: The AIADMK-led Alliance ( abbr. AIADMK+ ) is an Indian regional political party alliance in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry led by the Dravidian party All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.). AIADMK founder M. G. Ramachandran formed the alliance, consisting of
206-884: A coalition government . Notable examples include the Sinn Féin's participation in the Northern Ireland Executive since 1999, the New Flemish Alliance's participation in the Federal Government of Belgium in 2014–2019 and Lega' s frequent participation in the Italian government . Examples of regional parties that do not generally campaign for greater autonomy or federalism include most provincial parties in Canada , most regional and minority parties in Europe , notably including
309-811: A case in the City Civil Court IV of Chennai in February 2021, but it upheld her dismissal as the AIADMK general secretary in April 2022. On 5 December 2023, the Madras High Court upheld her dismissal as the AIADMK general secretary. On 21 August 2017, both O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami factions of the AIADMK merged, and O. Panneerselvam was sworn in as the Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with
412-540: A gross state domestic product of $ 290 billion, or ₹21.6 lakh crore, Tamil Nadu became India's second-largest economy. In 1980, the AIADMK under M. G. Ramachandran reversed his decision on economic criteria after the AIADMK faced a close defeat in the Indian general election in Tamil Nadu . He further raised the quota for the backward classes from 31 percent to 50 percent, bringing the total reservation to 68 percent. In 1993,
515-740: A hung assembly, the AIADMK, contesting with only the support of the MDMK and a few other smaller parties, won 61 seats compared to the DMK's 96 and was pushed out of power by the DMK-led congressional alliance of the PMK and the Left Front. The AIADMK's electoral reversals continued in the 2009 general election . However, the party's performance was better than its debacle in 2004, and the AIADMK-led alliance managed to win 12 seats, with
618-549: A massive reversal of fortunes following the Lok Sabha elections, the AIADMK won a comfortable majority in the state assembly with 129 of 234 seats. M.G.R. was sworn in as chief minister for the second time on 9 June 1980. In the 1984 general election , the party again aligned with the INC, and the alliance won 37 out of the 39 state parliamentary seats. In the 1984 assembly election , even with M.G.R.'s failing health and hospitalization,
721-415: A million members in the first two months. C. N. Annadurai 's ideologue and movie producer turned politician R. M. Veerappan was the key architect in unifying M.G.R. fan clubs and further consolidating the party structure in the 1970s. Other key leaders, such as Nanjil K. Manoharan and S. D. Somasundaram played major roles in consolidation. Pavalar M. Muthusamy was elected the first presidium chairman of
824-488: A new twist to Tamil Nadu politics. Due to a conviction in the disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa, Sasikala was sentenced to 4 years' imprisonment in the Bengaluru Central Prison . Before that, she appointed Edappadi K. Palaniswami as legislative party leader (Chief Minister). She also appointed her nephew and former treasurer of the party, T. T. V. Dhinakaran , as the deputy general secretary of
927-504: A single seat in any of the elections. After Jayalalithaa's death on 5 December 2016, her close aide V. K. Sasikala was selected unanimously as the Acting General Secretary of the party on 31 December 2016. On 5 February 2017, she was selected as the leader of the legislative assembly as chief minister. O. Panneerselvam rebelled against Sasikala and reported that he had been compelled to resign as Chief Minister, bringing in
1030-425: Is a political ideology that seeks to increase the political power , influence and self-determination of the people of one or more subnational regions . It focuses on the "development of a political or social system based on one or more" regions , and/or the national, normative, or economic interests of a specific region, group of regions or another subnational entity, gaining strength from or aiming to strengthen
1133-793: Is a mild proponent of Venetian independence), the Martinican Progressive Party in Martinique and the Communist Party of Réunion in Réunion (both French overseas territories ) and the New Macau Association in Macau (China). In some countries, the development of regionalist politics may be a prelude to further demands for greater autonomy or even full separation, especially when ethnic, cultural and economic disparities are present. This
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#17328905849051236-483: Is an Indian regional political party with great influence in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry . It is a Dravidian party founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) at Madurai on 17 October 1972 as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after M. Karunanidhi expelled him from the party for demanding an account as
1339-1077: Is disputed by China ). Federalist and/or autonomist regional parties include the Coalition Avenir Québec in Quebec (Canada), the New Progressive Party and the Popular Democratic Party in Puerto Rico (a commonwealth of the United States ), Femu a Corsica and the Party of the Corsican Nation in Corsica (France), Lega Nord and its sister/successor party Lega in northern Italy (the party has, at times, advocated Padania 's independence and its "national section" in Veneto , Liga Veneta ,
1442-579: The 18th Lok Sabha polls. In the alliance, the AIADMK contested 36 constituencies and the DMDK contested five constituencies. The alliance lost in all the constituencies it contested, and the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance swept the election in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. Buta Singh Bhajan Lal Bishnoi Jalagam Vengala Rao Vidya Charan Shukla S. R. Eradha Regionalism (politics) Regionalism
1545-807: The 2001 assembly election , the AIADMK-led Secular Democratic Progressive Alliance , consisting of the Indian National Congress , the Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) (TMC(M)), the Left Front , and the Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK), regained power, winning 197 seats to the AIADMK's 132. Jayalalithaa sworn in as the chief minister for the second time. In 2004 Lok Sabha general election , AIADMK led National Democratic Alliance consisting of BJP, won none of
1648-905: The Basque Nationalist Party and Euskal Herria Bildu in the Basque Country (Spain and France), Together for Catalonia and the Republican Left of Catalonia in Catalonia and the Catalan Countries (Spain and France), the Galician Nationalist Bloc in Galicia (Spain), South Tyrolean Freedom and Die Freiheitlichen in South Tyrol (Italy), factions of Lega and several minor parties in northern Italy (Italy), nominally
1751-924: The Christian Social Union in Bavaria ( Germany ), most political parties in Belgium, most political parties in Northern Ireland (United Kingdom), the Istrian Democratic Assembly in Istria ( Croatia ), the Alliance of Primorje-Gorski Kotar in Primorje-Gorski Kotar (Croatia) and most political political parties in India . Regional parties with an autonomist/federalist or separatist agendas have included
1854-452: The Indian National Congress (INC) and swept to power in the 1991 assembly election under her leadership, and she became the second female and fifth chief minister of Tamil Nadu . Political observers have ascribed the landslide victory to the anti-incumbent wave arising out of the assassination of the former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi by suspected Tamil separatists fighting for a homeland in neighbouring Sri Lanka . The ensuing government
1957-544: The Indian National Congress (INC) and the Communist Party of India (CPI), and faced the party's first ever general election post- emergency in 1977 . Though that election resulted in a heavy defeat for the Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi -led Indian National Congress at the national level, the AIADMK-INC Alliance swept Tamil Nadu by winning 34 out of 39 Lok Sabha seats in the state. The Janata Party won
2060-491: The Indian Parliament . It was a massive victory that no other regional political party had ever achieved in the history of general elections. In the 2016 assembly election , running without allies, she swept the polls, winning 135 out of 234 seats. It was the most audacious decision made by her for the spectacular victory that no other political leader had ever made in the history of Tamil Nadu . On 23 May 2016, Jayalalithaa
2163-592: The M.G.R. -led government in the state . Under DMK's pressure, the AIADMK ministry and the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly were dismissed by the Indira Gandhi -led government on grounds of civil disorder due to farmers protests for electricity subsidies. The Tamil Nadu legislative assembly election was held in 1980, in which the AIADMK and its allies, the AIFB , CPI , CPI(M) , and GKNC won 162 seats, and again M.G.R.
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#17328905849052266-542: The National Capital Territory of Delhi , and Telangana . The party also has functionaries in other countries where Tamil people are present. In Karnataka, the party had members in the state assembly from 1983 to 2004 and has influence in the Tamil-speaking areas of Bengaluru and Kolar . In Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Maharashtra, the party contested some legislative assembly elections but did not win
2369-1109: The Sardinian Action Party and several minor parties in Sardinia . In developing countries they include the Polisario Front in Western Sahara ( Morocco ), the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad in Azawad ( Mali ), the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda in the Cabinda Province ( Angola ), all national liberation movements and the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan (a country whose sovereignty
2472-572: The "Two Leaves" symbol on 17 December 1988. The 1989 assembly election saw the DMK regain power after 13 years, with M. Karunanidhi returning as chief minister for the third time. Due to its split, the AIADMK suffered heavily in the election, with the Janaki and Jayalalithaa factions winning only 2 and 27 seats, respectively. Following the AIADMK's rout in the election, the factions led by Jayalalithaa and Janaki merged under Jayalalithaa's leadership on 7 February 1989, as Janaki decided to quit politics as it
2575-1043: The "consciousness of and loyalty to a distinct region with a homogeneous population", similarly to nationalism . More specifically, "regionalism refers to three distinct elements: movements demanding territorial autonomy within unitary states; the organization of the central state on a regional basis for the delivery of its policies including regional development policies; political decentralization and regional autonomy". Regions may be delineated by administrative divisions , culture , language and religion , among others. Regionalists' demands occur in "strong" forms (such as sovereigntism , separatism , sovereignty , secession and independence ), as well as more "moderate" campaigns for greater autonomy (such as states' rights , decentralization or devolution ). Strictly speaking, regionalists favour confederations over unitary nation states with strong central governments . They may, however, embrace intermediate forms of federalism . Proponents of regionalism usually claim that strengthening
2678-493: The 2000s, the parties started competing at an increasing level for the distribution of consumer goods. The AIADMK government distributed free bicycles to class 11 and 12 students during its tenure of 2001–06. In its manifesto for the 2006 assembly elections, the DMK promised free colour televisions in competition with other parties. The competition continued during the 2011 assembly elections, when both parties announced free laptops for school students and mixers, fans, and blenders for
2781-420: The 39 Lok Sabha seats from the state. In 2006 assembly election , in spite of media speculations of a hung assembly, the AIADMK led Democratic People Alliance , contesting with only the support of the MDMK, VCK and few other smaller parties, won 69 seats, with the AIADMK winning 61, compared to the DMK's 96. The AIADMK's electoral reversals continued in the 2009 general election . However, the party's performance
2884-526: The AIADMK government under J. Jayalalithaa passed the Tamil Nadu Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes Bill, 1993, in the Assembly (Act 45 of 1994). The bill was sent to the president for approval. The government led a cross-party committee of Tamil Nadu politicians to Delhi to meet with the central government. She also demanded that the Tamil Nadu government's act be placed in
2987-467: The AIADMK has been led by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu Edappadi K. Palaniswami (Edappadiyaar) as general secretary of the party. The headquarters of the party is called Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai, which is located at V.P. Raman Salai, Royapettah , Chennai . The building was donated to the party in 1986 by M.G.R.'s wife and the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu V. N. Janaki Ramachandran . The AIADMK sought to depoliticize
3090-404: The AIADMK once again allied with the INC in the 1999 general election , and the alliance won 13 seats out of 39 in Tamil Nadu. In the 2001 assembly election , the AIADMK-led alliance, consisting of the Indian National Congress , the Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) (TMC(M)), the Left Front , and the Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK), regained power, winning 197 seats to the AIADMK's 132. Due to
3193-480: The AIADMK party. With the support of 123 MLAs, Palaniswami became chief minister of Tamil Nadu . On 23 March 2017, the Election Commission of India (ECI) gave separate party symbols to the two factions: O. Panneerselvam 's faction, known as AIADMK (Puratchi Thalaivi Amma), got the "Electric Pole" symbol, and Edappadi K. Palaniswami 's faction, known as AIADMK (Amma), got the "Hat" symbol. A bye-election
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3296-606: The AIADMK revived its electoral fortunes when it formed an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK), and the alliance won 30 seats out of 39 in Tamil Nadu. In the Atal Bihari Vajpayee -led government between 1998 and 1999, the AIADMK shared power with the BJP but withdrew its support of 18 Lok Sabha MPs in early 1999, causing the BJP government to fall. Following this,
3399-653: The AIADMK was led by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa (Amma) as general secretary of the party. She was admired as the Mother of the Party by her cadre and was highly popular among the Tamil populace until her death in 2016. From 21 August 2017 to 23 June 2022, the party was led under the dual leadership of the former chief ministers of Tamil Nadu O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami as co-ordinator and joint co-ordinator respectively. From 11 July 2022,
3502-427: The AIADMK winning 9 seats. Following widespread corruption, a price rise, a power cut, and allegations of nepotism against the DMK government, in the 2011 assembly election , the party, in alliance with parties like the left and actor-turned-politician Vijayakant 's Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), swept the polls, winning 203 seats, with the AIADMK winning 150. Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for
3605-541: The BJP again, won only one of the 39 Lok Sabha seats from the state and lost to the DMK led Secular Progressive Alliance . Later, in the 2021 assembly election , the AIADMK-led National Democratic Alliance , consisting of the PMK , BJP, and a few other smaller parties, won 75 seats compared to the 159 seats won by the DMK alliance and was pushed out of power by the DMK after a decade. The AIADMK emerged as
3708-449: The Election Commission of India for the AIADMK's election symbol. However, the Central District Tis Hazari Courts granted him bail on the grounds that the police had failed to identify the allegedly bribed public official. T. T. V. Dhinakaran started his party work on 5 August 2017. However, the chief minister, Edappadi K. Palaniswami, had a fallout with Dhinakaran and announced that the appointment of Dhinakaran as deputy general secretary
3811-402: The INC aligned with the DMK, and the alliance won 37 out of the 39 state parliamentary seats. The AIADMK won just two seats. After returning to power, Indira Gandhi dismissed a number of state governments belonging to the opposition parties, including the AIADMK government in Tamil Nadu. In the 1980 assembly election , with the opposition DMK continuing the electoral alliance with the INC, In
3914-402: The Tamil Nadu State to increase the storage level in the Mullaperiyar Dam to 142 feet from 136 feet and struck down the unconstitutional law enacted by the Government of Kerala in 2006 restricting the storage level to 136 feet. This Supreme Court decision ensured the farmers' and people's livelihoods in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu. In February 2013, the Government of India notified
4017-406: The Tamil Nadu legislative assembly, enhancing the reservation for women from 33 percent to 50 percent in local bodies such as municipal corporations, municipalities, town panchayats, and village panchayats of the state. In 2006, the AIADMK initiated a case in the Supreme Court to uphold the state's rights on the Mullaperiyar Dam issue . As a result, in May 2014, a Supreme Court verdict allowed
4120-493: The aforementioned Bloc Québécois , Lega Nord , the Vlaams Belang , the New Flemish Alliance, the defunct Catalan European Democratic Party , the Republican Left of Catalonia, the Scottish National Party, Plaid Cymru and Sinn Féin Lists of regional and regionalist parties are available at: All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ( transl. All India Anna Dravidian Progressive Federation ; abbr. AIADMK )
4223-415: The alliance won 30 seats out of 39 in Tamil Nadu. In the Atal Bihari Vajpayee -led government between 1998 and 1999, the AIADMK shared power with the BJP but withdrew its support of the 18 elected Lok Sabha MPs in early 1999, causing the BJP government to fall. Following this, the AIADMK once again allied with the INC in the 1999 general election , and the alliance won 13 seats out of 39 in Tamil Nadu. In
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4326-423: The assembly. By supporting the National Emergency between 1975 and 1977, the AIADMK grew close to the Indian National Congress party. The DMK-led government was dismissed by a central government on corruption charges in 1976. The AIADMK swept to power, defeating the DMK in the 1977 assembly election . M.G.R. was sworn in as the third chief minister of Tamil Nadu on 30 June 1977. In the 1977 general election ,
4429-411: The closure of the Sterlite Copper factory in Thoothukkudi in the interest of the people, knowing that the air and water in the city are being heavily polluted by the factory, which has been at the center of violent protests by locals to protect and improve the environment. In February 2020, the AIADMK government declared the Cauvery Delta region a protected special agriculture zone. This announcement
4532-468: The co-ordinator and joint co-ordinator of the AIADMK, respectively. On 4 January 2018, O. Panneerselvam was elected Leader of the House in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly . On 12 September 2017, the AIADMK general council decided to cancel V. K. Sasikala's appointment as acting general secretary and officially expel her from the party, though prominent members appointed to party posts by her were allowed to continue discharging their functions. Instead,
4635-429: The coalition. On 9 February 2014, the 13-kg gold armor was donated by the general secretary of the AIADMK and the chief minister of Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalithaa for adorning the 3.5-foot-tall statue of Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar at Pasumpon in Ramanathapuram district . The gold armor is estimated to be worth ₹4 crore. The armor is kept in a nationalized bank locker in Madurai . After the AIADMK party treasurer and
4738-401: The coalition. The AIADMK's good electoral performance continued in the 2014 general election as well. It opted not to join any alliance and contested all seats in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry on its own. The party won an unprecedented 37 out of the 40 parliamentary constituencies it contested and emerged as the third largest party in the 16th Lok Sabha of
4841-418: The constituencies it contested. In 1998, the AIADMK Silver Jubilee Conference was held in Tirunelveli by the party's general secretary J. Jayalalithaa from January 1 to 3. Several alliance party leaders, such as Lal Krishna Advani , S. Ramadoss , Subramanian Swamy , Valappaddy K. Ramamurthy , and Vaiko , participated in it ahead of the Lok Sabha election that year. During the 1998 general election ,
4944-403: The controversy, the party called for animal-rights organization PETA to be banned. In March 2017, the AIADMK government implemented the Kudimaramathu Scheme to rejuvenate water bodies with the participation of agriculturalists, reviving the age-old practice of community participation in the maintenance and management of tank irrigation systems. In May 2018, the AIADMK government has ordered
5047-424: The education policy of the government by not insisting that education be in the Tamil language. Policies of the AIADMK were targeted at the poorer segments of Tamil society—the poor, rickshaw pullers, and destitute women—and centralising the massive Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Nutritious Meal Programme for children. There was ambivalence towards the reservation policy and the interests of farmers. The party functions on
5150-418: The election at the center. After the election, the AIADMK ended up supporting the Janata Party under Morarji Desai . In 1979, AIADMK continued to support the Janata Party by supporting the Charan Singh government, which resulted in the appointment of two AIADMK cabinet members, making it the first time a non-congress Dravidian party member and the regional party member made it to the council of ministers at
5253-482: The elections alone without allying with either factions and Rajiv Gandhi campaigned extensively making multiple campaign visits to Tamil Nadu. Due to its split, the AIADMK suffered heavily in the election, with the Janaki and Jayalalithaa factions winning only 2 and 27 seats, respectively. Following the AIADMK's rout in the election, the factions led by Jayalalithaa and Janaki merged under Jayalalithaa's leadership on 7 February 1989, as Janaki decided to quit politics as it
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#17328905849055356-406: The elite level police commandos in 2003, a first in India. The women had the same training as men, which included handling weapons, detection and disposal of bombs, driving, horseback riding, and adventure sports. She dispatched a special task force to the Sathyamangalam forests in October 2004 to track down notorious sandalwood smuggler Veerappan . The operation was successful, as he was killed by
5459-464: The final award of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) on the directions of the Supreme Court. After 22 years of legal battle, then-Chief Minister Jayalalithaa called it a "tremendous achievement" of her government that the state had received due justice. Then Jayalalithaa said that it was the happiest day of her life and the happiest day for the farmers in Tamil Nadu; she recalled her famous fast-unto-death at Marina Beach in 1993. The AIADMK
5562-427: The fourth time. In the union territory of Puducherry , the AIADMK allied with N. Rangasamy 's All India N.R. Congress (AINRC) and won the 2011 assembly election , which was held in parallel with the Tamil Nadu assembly election. Rangasamy, on the other hand, formed the government without consulting the AIADMK and refused to share power with the pre-election alliance partner. So Jayalalithaa accused him of betraying
5665-403: The governing bodies and political powers within a region, at the expense of a centralized government , will benefit local populations by improving regional or local economies, in terms of better fiscal responsibility , regional development , allocation of resources, implementation of localist policies and plans, competitiveness among regions and, ultimately, the whole country, consistent with
5768-448: The late J. Jayalalithaa was named the eternal general secretary of the AIADMK. A day after the merger of two AIADMK factions, on 22 August 2017, 19 MLAs owing allegiance to ousted deputy general secretary T. T. V. Dhinakaran submitted letters to the governor , expressing lack of confidence in Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami and withdrawing support from the government. 18 out of those 19 MLAs were disqualified from office by
5871-446: The main party of the opposition in the assembly by winning 66 seats. During the period of 2022-23, The AIADMK again undergone many changes like abolition of dual leadership and the election of Edappadi K. Palaniswami as its General Secretary . Following the tensions with the BJP , The AIADMK left the National Democratic Alliance , by snapping ties with the BJP and It was officially announced on 25 September 2023. AIADMK to form and lead
5974-582: The national level. AIADMK won the 1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election with its allies, defeating its rival Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), and M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) was sworn in as the third chief minister of Tamil Nadu . In the 1980 Indian general election , the AIADMK and Janata Party alliance faced an upset defeat at the hands of the INC and DMK alliance, winning only 2 seats in Tamil Nadu. The INC and DMK alliance won 37 out of 39 seats in that election, which emboldened their alliance and made them think that people lost their faith in
6077-454: The new alliance headed by the General secretary Palaniswami to face the 2024 Indian general election and TN Assembly election in the state. In the 2024 general election , the AIADMK-led Alliance consisting of Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), Puthiya Tamilagam (PT), and the Social Democratic Party of India (SDPI) contested in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territories of Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands for
6180-477: The next day. Janaki served as the state's first female chief minister for 23 days, from 7 January 1988 until the state assembly was dissolved on 30 January 1988 and President's Rule was imposed. The party began to crumble due to infighting and broke into two factions, one under Janaki Ramachandran and the other under J. Jayalalithaa , an associate of M.G.R. and another film actress-turned-politician who had starred with M.G.R. The Election Commission of India froze
6283-406: The ninth schedule of the Indian Constitution , ensuring that the law cannot be challenged in any court. Later, the president's assent was received on 19 July 1994, and it confirmed the 69 percent reservation for Tamil Nadu. On 20 February 2016, the J. Jayalalithaa -led AIADMK government passed the Tamil Nadu Municipal Laws (Amendment) Act, 2016 and the Tamil Nadu Panchayats (Amendment) Act, 2016 in
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#17328905849056386-446: The other by J. Jayalalithaa . Janaki briefly served as the chief minister and her government was dismissed by prime minister Rajiv Gandhi on 30 January 1988 citing the disruptions in the assembly. After a year of President's rule , Both the AIADMK factions contested with different alliances with separate symbols as the election commission froze the "two leaves" symbol of the AIADMK to them for 1989 assembly election . Congress contested
6489-477: The party treasurer . The party is adhering to the policies of socialism and secularism based on the principles of C. N. Annadurai (Anna) collectively coined as Annaism by M.G.R. The party has won a seven-time majority in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. From 1 January 1988 to 5 December 2016,
6592-402: The party allied with the Indian National Congress , and the alliance won 39 out of 40 constituencies it contested in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry . The DMK government was dismissed in 1991 by the central government headed by then- prime minister Chandra Shekhar , an ally of the AIADMK at that time, on charges that the constitutional machinery in the state had broken down. The party allied with
6695-435: The party lauded the economic policies of the Narendra Modi -led central government, stating that the central government had ushered in economic stability and made the country a "decisive player" in regional economics, and voiced support for the Goods and Services Tax (GST), which had been opposed by their rival, the DMK. During the AIADMK regime, Tamil Nadu was the best-performing big state overall from 2018 to 2021. With
6798-399: The party won 18 seats. In 1979, the AIADMK became the first Dravidian and regional party to join the Union Cabinet . Sathiavani Muthu and Aravinda Bala Pajanor were the members of parliament who joined the short-lived Union Ministry led by then- prime minister Charan Singh . The relationship between the AIADMK and the INC slowly became strained. In the 1980 general election ,
6901-527: The party won the election. M.G.R. returned to Tamil Nadu on 4 February 1985 following his recovery. He was sworn in as chief minister for the third time on 10 February 1985. Many political historians consider M.G.R.'s persona and charisma at this point in time to be "infallible" and a logical continuation of his on-screen "good lad" image, strengthened by his "mythical status" in the minds of the masses. M.G.R. continued to enjoy popular support in his third term until his death. He died on 24 December 1987, and became
7004-405: The party. Then Communist Party of India (CPI) state secretary M. Kalyanasundaram strongly backed M.G.R. and played a crucial role in shaping his political career by teaming up with the fledgling AIADMK. M.G.R. along with Kalyanasundaram, presented to the governor of Tamil Nadu , K. K. Shah , a charge against the Karunanidhi-led DMK government in November 1972. The party's first victories were
7107-415: The per capita income of residents to $ 10 thousand per annum, matching the Human Development Index to that of developed countries by 2023, providing high-quality infrastructure all over the state, and making Tamil Nadu the knowledge capital and innovation hub of India. This project had three components: the overall vision document, the compilation of the project profile, and the road map. In the spring of 2019,
7210-473: The portfolio of Finance. He also holds portfolios for housing, rural housing, housing development, the slum clearance board, accommodation control, town planning, urban development, and the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority . A dual leadership system was amended in the constitution of the party by removing the designation of general secretary and constituting the new designations for the party's leadership. O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami became
7313-410: The post of Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) to Ramalingam. Later, M.G.R. prefixed the All India (AI) tag to the party's name to protect the party during the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA). Since its inception, the relationship between the AIADMK and DMK has been marked by mutual contempt. M.G.R. used his fan club to build the party cadre; he claims his party recruited more than
7416-1039: The pre-existing nation state . In developed , Western , liberal-democratic countries, secessionist parties include the Parti Québécois in Quebec ( Canada ), the Scottish National Party and the Scottish Greens in Scotland ( United Kingdom ), Plaid Cymru in Wales (United Kingdom) and, to some extent, Sinn Féin in Northern Ireland (United Kingdom), the New Flemish Alliance and Vlaams Belang in Flanders ( Belgium ), Corsica Libera in Corsica ( France ),
7519-403: The presidium chairmen of the party. On 27 September 2014, Jayalalithaa was convicted in the disproportionate assets case by a Special Court along with her associates V. K. Sasikala , Ilavarasi, and V. N. Sudhakaran and sentenced to four years' simple imprisonment. Jayalalithaa was also fined ₹ 100 crore, and her associates were fined ₹ 10 crore each. The case had political implications as it
7622-609: The principle of subsidiarity . Regionalism, autonomism , separatism and nationalism are interrelated concepts, yet they often have different and sometimes opposite meanings. For instance, in Spain "regionalism" is regarded as strongly associated with "nationalism" and, often, "separatism", whereas in Italy , it is generally seen as a synonym of " federalism " and the opposite of "nationalism". In some cases movements or parties campaigning for independence may push for federalism or autonomy within
7725-497: The principles of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy , C. N. Annadurai , M. G. Ramachandran and J. Jayalalithaa . The AIADMK posted an array of welfare schemes targeting the human development index of the state. The AIADMK has schemes listed in the election manifestos covering segments of the population, including fishermen, farmers, and schoolchildren. Until the 2000s, the parties had welfare programmes such as maternity leave, subsidies for public transportation, and educational grants. After
7828-499: The proceedings in a disproportionate asset case that occurred during her previous tenure, Jayalalithaa was prevented from holding office. On 21 September 2001, O. Panneerselvam , a close confidant of Jayalalithaa, was appointed as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu for the first time. Once the Supreme Court of India overturned Jayalalithaa's conviction and sentence in the case, O. Panneerselvam resigned on 2 March 2002, and Jayalalithaa
7931-525: The public. The party remains firm in its support for the "two language policy", in opposition to demands to have Hindi as the sole lingua franca language, where Tamil and English are the two main languages of Tamil Nadu. The party provided ₹ 1 lakh (US$ 1,200) for temples of local deities in 2016. In 2012, the AIADMK Government announced the "Vision 2023" document, which embodied a strategic plan for infrastructure development that included raising
8034-648: The regional party would contest 70% of the assembly seats and the national party would be given 70% of the Lok Sabha seats. The result was a landslide victory for INC and its ally AIADMK , winning 37 out of 39 Lok Sabha seats in the state and 195 seats in Tamil Nadu Assembly. M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R) was sworn in as Chief Minister, for the third time. After the death of M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R) in December 1987, The AIADMK split into two factions, one led by Janaki and
8137-401: The same time, AIADMK recommended dissolution of Tamil Nadu State Assembly a year ahead of end of term, to use the sympathy wave of Congress due to Indira's death and M.G.R's illness. Congress(I) and AIADMK formed an alliance and contested both general elections to Lok Sabha and Tamil Nadu Assembly in 1984 . The allocation of seats were done what was later dubbed, "The M.G.R formula". Where
8240-431: The second chief minister in Tamil Nadu to die in office after Anna . Following M.G.R. 's death, his wife, actress-turned-politician V. N. Janaki Ramachandran , rose to the party's leadership with the support of R. M. Veerappan and 98 MLAs . On 1 January 1988, Jayalalithaa was elected general secretary of the AIADMK by the prominent members of her faction, and it was ratified by the party general council convened by her
8343-462: The state in both the Tamil Nadu assembly and Lok Sabha elections in 1991. AIADMK General Secretary J. Jayalalithaa sworn in as the chief minister for the first time. AIADMK - Congress Alliance routed in 1996 assembly election and Lok Sabha polls . In the 1998 Indian general election , the AIADMK revived its electoral fortunes when it formed an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK), and
8446-417: The state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry on its own. The party won an unprecedented 37 out of the 40 parliamentary constituencies it contested and emerged as the third largest party in the 16th Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament . It was a massive victory that no other regional political party had ever achieved in the history of general elections. On 29 August 2014, J. Jayalalithaa
8549-438: The task force on 18 October 2004. However, despite the popular measures taken by the government, in the 2004 general election , the party, in alliance with the BJP again, lost all 40 Lok Sabha seats it contested. The Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA), a DMK-led alliance consisting of all the major opposition parties in the state, swept the election. Later, in the 2006 assembly election , in spite of media speculations of
8652-410: The trustee of the memorial signing in the bank, the golden armor would be taken out and handed over to the incharge of the memorial every year between 28 and 30 October for Guru Pooja and Thevar Jayanthi , which is observed on 30 October of every year. The AIADMK's good electoral performance continued in the 2014 general election as well. It opted not to join any alliance and contested all seats in
8755-563: The wins of K. Maya Thevar in the Dindigul parliamentary bye-election in May 1973 and of C. Aranganayagam in the Coimbatore West assembly bye-election a year later. On 2 April 1973, the AIADMK emerged as the third-largest political party in Tamil Nadu, represented by 11 MLAs in the assembly. By January 1976, the AIADMK had emerged as the second-largest political party in Tamil Nadu, with 16 MLAs in
8858-457: Was accused of large-scale corruption, but Jayalalithaa held on to power for a full term of five years. In the 1996 assembly election , the AIADMK continued its alliance with the INC but suffered a massive rout, winning only 4 out of the 234 assembly seats, with even the party's general secretary Jayalalithaa losing in the Bargur constituency . The party lost the 1996 general election by losing all
8961-498: Was admitted to Apollo Hospital, Chennai , due to fever and dehydration. After a prolonged illness, she died on 5 December 2016, and became the third chief minister in Tamil Nadu to die in office after Anna and her mentor M.G.R. Under J. Jayalalithaa 's regime, the party spread beyond Tamil Nadu and Puducherry . It established state units in some other Indian states and union territories like Andaman and Nicobar Islands , Andhra Pradesh , Karnataka , Kerala , Maharashtra ,
9064-428: Was again sworn in as chief minister for the fifth time. In the 2016 assembly election , running without allies, she swept the polls, winning 135 out of 234 seats. It was the most audacious decision made by her for the spectacular victory that no other political leader had ever made in the history of Tamil Nadu . On 23 May 2016, Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the sixth time. On 22 September 2016, she
9167-447: Was again sworn in as chief minister for the third time. Her second term was not marred by corruption scandals. She took many popular decisions, such as banning lottery tickets, restricting the liquor and sand quarrying businesses to government agencies, and banning tobacco product sales near schools and colleges. She encouraged women to join the state police force by setting up all women's police stations and commissioning 150 women into
9270-493: Was announced for the Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar constituency, which was vacated due to Jayalalithaa's death. But the election commission cancelled the bye-election after evidence of large-scale bribery by the ruling AIADMK (Amma) surfaced. On 17 April 2017, Delhi police registered a case against Dhinakaran, who was also the candidate for AIADMK (Amma) for the bye-election at Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar, regarding an allegation of attempting to bribe
9373-485: Was better than its debacle in 2004, and the AIADMK-led Third Front consisting of PMK , MDMK and left parties managed to win 12 seats, with the AIADMK winning 9 seats. In the 2011 assembly election , AIADMK led alliance with parties like the left and actor-turned-politician Vijayakant 's Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), swept the polls, winning 203 seats, with the AIADMK winning 150. Jayalalithaa
9476-740: Was demonstrated, among other examples, in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. Political parties that are regional are not necessarily regionalist parties. A "regional party" is any political party with its political base in a single region, whatever its objectives and platform may be, whereas "regionalist" parties are a subset of regional parties that specifically campaign for greater autonomy or independence in their region. Because regional parties – including regionalist parties – often cannot receive enough votes or legislative seats to be politically powerful, they may join political alliances or seek to be part of
9579-468: Was elected as the general secretary of the party for the 7th consecutive term, making her the longest-serving general secretary of the party to date. Earlier, she was elected as general secretary on 1 January 1988; 9 February 1989; 23 June 1993; 23 September 1998; 10 September 2003, and 10 September 2008. During her longest tenure as general secretary, V. R. Nedunchezhiyan , K. Kalimuthu , Pulamaipithan , C. Ponnaiyan , and E. Madhusudhanan served as
9682-625: Was invalid. So he claims, "We are the real AIADMK, and 95% of its cadres are with us." On 12 September 2017, the AIADMK general council, which had earlier appointed her, cancelled V. K. Sasikala 's appointment as general secretary and officially expelled her from the party as a primary member. Earlier on 10 August 2017, T. T. V. Dhinakaran was sacked as deputy general secretary at the meeting headed by Edappadi K. Palaniswami at Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Maaligai in Chennai. After completing her imprisonment at Bengaluru Central Prison , Sasikala filed
9785-528: Was not her forte. On 8 February 1989, the Two Leaves symbol was granted to the united AIADMK led by Jayalalithaa. AIADMK and Congress again allied in mid 1989. This marks the start of the dominance of INC-AIADMK, for the next decade winning 38 seats in 1989 Lok Sabha election and all 39 seats in 1991 Lok Sabha election . In the wake of Rajiv Gandhi Assassination during the election campaign in Tamil Nadu, Democratic Progressive Alliance of AIADMK - Congress swept
9888-484: Was not her forte. On 8 February 1989, then Chief Election Commissioner R. V. S. Peri Sastri granted the Two Leaves symbol to the united AIADMK led by Jayalalithaa. On 9 February 1989, the AIADMK, led by J. Jayalalithaa , became the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, and she became the first female leader of the opposition in the assembly . In the 1989 general election ,
9991-553: Was one of two parties, along with the BJP , to not voice opposition against a ban on cattle slaughter through the national Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act . However, it has sought an exemption in the Act regarding traditional bull fighting; the party supports popular opinion in Tamil Nadu that traditional bull fighting, known as Jallikattu , should not be banned by the central government due to an APEX court ruling against animal cruelty. During
10094-410: Was set up as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after its president M. Karunanidhi expelled him from the party for demanding an account as the party treasurer. M.G.R., who wanted to start a new political party, then incorporated into Anakaputhur Ramalingam's party, which had registered under the name ADMK . He then quoted, "I joined the party started by an ordinary cadre" and gave
10197-506: Was sworn in as chief minister of Tamil Nadu for the second time. After this election, INC came close to the AIADMK. In the wake of Chief Minister MGR 's hospitalization in New York City and subsequent Assassination of Indira Gandhi , newly assumed Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi felt that his Government required a fresh mandate from the people, and dissolved the Lok Sabha a year before its actual end of term, for fresh general elections. At
10300-459: Was sworn in as chief minister for the fourth time. In the union territory of Puducherry , the AIADMK allied with N. Rangasamy 's All India N.R. Congress (AINRC) and won the 2011 assembly election , which was held in parallel with the Tamil Nadu assembly election. Rangasamy, on the other hand, formed the government without consulting the AIADMK and refused to share power with the pre-election alliance partner. So Jayalalithaa accused him of betraying
10403-492: Was sworn in as chief minister for the sixth time. After Jayalalithaa's death on 5 December 2016, AIADMK had gone through a sea changes, from accepting Sasikala as acting general secretary, Party Split, Merger of OPS and EPS factions, Sasikala's expulsion to Introduction of dual Leadership in the party. In the 2019 Lok Sabha election , AIADMK led by then Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami and Deputy Chief Minister O. Panneerselvam as Coordinators, in alliance with
10506-576: Was the first time a ruling chief minister had to step down on account of a court sentence. Due to her resignation, O. Panneerselvam was sworn in as chief minister on 29 September 2014. Jayalalithaa was denied bail by the High Court and moved the Supreme Court for bail. The Supreme Court granted bail on 17 October 2014. On 11 May 2015, the High Court of Karnataka said she was acquitted from that case and
10609-469: Was widely hailed by political parties and farmer organizations. The AIADMK opposes the building of the Mekedatu Dam, which could reduce water flows into Tamil Nadu and negatively affect quality of life for residents and agriculture. The party was founded on 17 October 1972, as Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK) by M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.), a veteran Tamil film star and popular politician. It
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